Workshop on ‘Environmental Science Research Field Study’ Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh and The United Nations University 25 July 2009 Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia LESTARI-UKM: Collaborative Research on Climate Change 25 July 2009 Tan Ching Tiong Research Officer, Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI) PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Workshop on ‘Environmental Science Research Field Study’
Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh
and The United Nations University
25 July 2009
Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
LESTARI-UKM:
Collaborative Research on Climate Change
25 July 2009
Tan Ching TiongResearch Officer, Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI)
PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2
Presentation Outline
1. Climate Change Responses in Malaysia
2. Climate Change Activities in UKM and LESTARI
3. Policy Study on Climate Change: Stakeholder Consultation Approach
4. Potential Collaboration for Regional Research
3
Climate Change Responses in
Malaysia
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Past records: • Temperature records 1951-1996: warming trend +0.18 0C
per decade
• Rise in sea level over 1986-2006: < +1.3 mm/year (based on 2 pilot sites in Peninsular Malaysia)
Source: NAHRIM (2006)
Possible climatic change in Peninsular Malaysia by 2041-2050:• Temperature rise 20C
• More extreme hydrological conditions Higher maximum rainfall; Lower minimum rainfall.
Higher high riverflow; Lower low riverflow.
Climate Scenarios: Malaysia
(National Level)
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Source: NAHRIM (2006)
Climate
Factor
Projected Change * in Maximum Monthly
Value
North
West
Region
North
East
Region
Central
Region
Southern
Region
Rainfall + 6.2 % + 32.8 % + 8.0 % + 2.9 %
Temperature +1.80 0C +1.88 0C +1.38 0C +1.74 0C
* Difference = Average 2025-2034 & 2041-2050 minus Average 1984-1993
Projected change* in monthly river flows:
• Mean flow no significant change except
increases in Kelantan and Pahang
• Maximum flows and minimum flows Magnified hydrologic extremes in
Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang (higher high flow, lower low flow)
Climate Scenarios: Malaysia
(State Level)
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• Physical manifestation of climate change and
extreme weather
• International socio-political obligations
• Climate change – cross-sectoral in nature,
involves more than environmental issues, also
affects economic growth and human well-being
• Climate change – transcends all levels,
sectors, stakeholders and major groups
• Climate change measures need to be
mainstreamed into development plans
Need for Policy Response on CC
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Malaysia’s CC Responses
• Ratified UNFCCC on 13 July 1994
• National Steering Committee on Climate Change was established in 1994
To guide national responses on climate change
• UNFCCC commitment Submitted Initial National Communication (INC) in 2000
Second National Communication (NC2) 2006-09
• Current Policy Scenario Cabinet Committee on Climate Change in January 2008
(chaired by Prime Minister)
• Formulation of a National Policy on Climate Change
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Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK9)
– Highlight of Climate Change Programmes
• Increase supply and utilisation of alternative fuel such as renewable energy (RE);
• By 2010 about 300 MW of RE is expected to be generated and connected to the TNB Grid in Peninsular Malaysia and 50 MW to SESB Grid in Sabah;
• RE projects utilising municipal waste will be promoted;
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol will be utilised to provide support for the implementation of Small Renewable Energy Programme (SREP);
• Supply to 55,000 unit of houses electricity generated from technologies such as hybrid solar system and micro-hidro;
• Encourage energy efficiency in industrial, building and transport sectors;
• Protect forest areas via sustainable forest management to ensure the forest areas are maintained as sink to greenhouse gas, i.e. Carbon dioxide.
• Conduct Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) study;
• Implement coastline protection programme;
• Develop Integrated Coastal Zone Management;
• Implement flood mitigation programme such as the Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART) Project;
• Undertake study to identify the relationship between the impacts of climate change and vector-borne diseases.
ADAPTATION
MITIGATION
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Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment
– Climate Change Related Activities
• National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) Project
– Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Collaborator/Mentor)
– Vietnam: Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology & Environment (Collaborator)
– India: MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (Collaborator)
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Development of National Policy on
Climate Change in Malaysia:
The Approach of Stakeholder
Consultation
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BACKGROUND
• Policy Study on Climate Change (2007-
2008), Ninth Malaysia Plan
• To develop a national policy and
strategies on climate change in
fostering sustainable development in
Malaysia to meet the needs of the
country and respond to the UNFCCC
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Research Team• Conservation and Environmental Management
Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment– Dr. Lian Kok Fei (Undersecretary)
– Chong Poon Chai (Deputy Undersecretary)
– Shahril Faizal Abdul Jani (Principal Assistant Secretary)
– Maximilian T. Conrad (Assistant Secretary)
– Siti Khadijah Abdul Ghani (Assistant Secretary)
• Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
– Project Leader – Prof. Dr. Joy Jacqueline Pereira
– Researchers – Prof. Dr. Mazlin Mokhtar; Prof. Dato’ Dr. Ibrahim Komoo; Raja Datuk Zaharaton Raja Zainal Abidin; Datin Paduka Dr. Halimaton Saadiah Hashim; Dato’ Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail; Prof. Chamhuri Siwar; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Hamid Jaafar; Dr. Er Ah Choy; Sarah Aziz Abdul Ghani Aziz
– Manager – Tan Ching Tiong
– Research Assistants – Koh Fui Pin; Nur Azrina Azhar; Zaiwana Ngojar, Mohd. Khairul Zain Ismail
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OUTPUTS
NATIONAL
POSITION AT
UNFCCC / KP
NATIONAL POLICY –
STRATEGIES &
ACTIONS
STATE POLICY &
ACTION PLANS
INPUTS
COMPARATIVE STUDY
• Selected NCs
• Selected National Policies / Strategies
from Other Countries
CRITICAL REVIEW
• Post-2012 Responses
• Elements of the UNFCCC / KP
• OPP3 / RMK9 / Relevant National
Policies / M-INC
• State Policies & Planning Processes
• Specialised Studies
STAKEHOLDER VIEWPOINTS
• Surveys/Interviews
• National/Regional/Other Meetings
• RMK9 CC Projects
• NC-2
• NCSA
Approach & Outputs
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Approach of Consultation
• Phase 1 (2005-2008) – to understand & document viewpoints:
– identified key issues of concern and compiled ideas and recommendations expressed by stakeholders in different past meetings
• Phase 2 (2007-2008) – to inform on policy formulation & solicit inputs:
– presented the approach of policy formulation and preliminary results
Approach Direct (presentation of study approach and
preliminary outcomes)
Number of event 7
Types of event Project specific initiation & consultative
meetings.
Awareness raising, & sharing of information &
experience.
Level & number of
stakeholders
National and state (~400).
Outcomes Conducted an awareness survey in business
sector with support from a manufacturers group
Indicated support to a national policy on climate
change
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Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 3)
Approach Direct (through workshop and official
submission by agencies); Survey; Interview
Number of event 7
Types of event Peer review and consultation.
Policy & senior level briefing & consultation.
Level & number
of stakeholders
National (~130).
Outcomes Formulated and improved key actions.
Obtained support and policy guidance from
the high level officials in NRE.
Deliberated structure, compositions and
functions of sub-committees that will support
the new Cabinet Committee on CC.
3333
Draft National Policy on Climate Change
(version 23 Dec. 2008)
• Preamble
• Policy Statement
• Rationale
• Objectives (3)
• Principles (5)
• Strategic Thrusts (10)
• Key Actions (44)
• Glossary
Contents:
3434
Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 4)
Approach Direct (workshop and official submission)
Number of event 1
Types of event Consultation.
Level & number
of stakeholders
National and state (~100).
Outcomes Obtained agreement from national
and state stakeholders on the draft
policy.
Revised and submitted draft policy to
NRE.
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Next Steps – More Consultation
• Table the draft policy to the Cabinet
Committee on CC for consideration.
• Determine key implementers and other
partner agencies
• Suggest timeline for key actions
• Assign appropriate performance indicators
• Establish a dedicated Climate Change Unit
to oversee and coordinate implementation.
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Key Principles / Findings
• Stakeholder viewpoints as crucial inputs to drafting and refining the recommendations on the policy.
• Stakeholders be consulted as widely and deeply as possible.
• Potential historical sources of information be traced and reviewed for pertinent inputs.
• The intention of the policy formulation be communicated and informed to stakeholders at early stage and during different forums.
• The outcomes of direct consultations be always circulated or reported to stakeholders, either for review and verification or informing how feedbacks had been considered where appropriate and feasible.
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Potential Collaboration for Regional
Research
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Strengthening Capacity for Policy
Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation
to CC in Agriculture and Water Sectors
APN Project Planning Meeting
Malaysia: LESTARI-UKM
Japan: IGES
Vietnam: IMHEN
India: MSSRF
Asian University Network of Environment & Disaster
Management (AUEDM)
Japan: Kyoto Uni. / IGES
Malaysia: SEADPRI-UKM
Philippines: Uni. of Las Banos
Indonesia: ITB
+
1. UKM-APN Inception Workshop
2. APN Project Planning Meeting
3. AUEDM Discussion
Including ADB
Cambodia??
10-11 Aug 2009, Kuala Lumpur
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Feasibility Study of Networking of Geoscience
& Petroleum Institutes & Organisations in the
CCOP Member Countries
• Joint study:– Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and
Southeast Asia (CCOP)
– Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-UKM)
• Establish a platform for sharing of resources, facilities, funds for joint research and experiences between CCOP Member Countries – Phase 1 (2009): petroleum geoscience
– Phase 2 (2009-10): geoscience (geohazards, environmental geology, mineral and groundwater resources, etc)
• Main targets: universities and research institutes with curriculum or interest in petroleum geoscience
• Status:– Preliminary web survey results: none in Cambodia
– Questionnaire: survey to assess potential networking (ongoing)
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THANK YOU
Tan Ching Tiong
Research Officer / PhD Candidate
Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI) /