Lesson plan, Nursing Education

LESSON PLAN

PAUL EBENEZER.P

1ST YEAR MSC NURSING

COLLEGE OF NURSING , CMC, VELLORE

WHAT IS LESSON PLAN ?

A plan prepared by a teacher to teach a lesson in an organized manner

EVOLUTION OF LESSON PLAN

Origin – is from Gestalt theory of learning The Gestalt theory has a great influence on

human learning “ the whole is perceived by parts”.

GESTALT THEORY- lesson plan

In lesson planning each unit plays an important role in learning, because the learner usually takes the help of units in understanding the whole concept.

The part conveys the whole. The meaningful activities are related to

each other within a unit. These activities provides the purposeful

learning experiences and the leaner understands the whole concept.

DEFINITION

Lesson plan is the title given to the statements of achievements to be realized and specific meaning by which these are to be attained as a result of activities engaged during the period

-L.S.Bossing-

PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN

Ensures definite objective for the days work Keeps the teacher on track Ensures selection, presentation and

interpretation of subject matter Helps to choose effective method of teaching Enables to evaluate the teaching sessions Helps to review the subject and gives up to

date knowledge

PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN cont..

Helps to clarify the ideas Gives the teacher greater confidence It stimulates the teacher to think of related

material , illustrations and audio-visual aids. Enables teacher to organize classroom

teaching activities Develops reasoning, imagination and

decision making ability of the teacher Facilitates micro teaching

PRINCIPLES

Used as a guide rather than as a rule of thumb Teacher must have mastery of and adequate

training in the topic Needs to be fully conversant with new methods

and techniques of teaching Needs to organize the material in an organized

rather than a logical fashion Must ensure active student participation Should use different teaching learning methods

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN

Should have clearly stated objectives To be linked with previous knowledge of

students Should show and specify illustrative aids Should contain suitable organized subject

matter Should be divided into units It should not make the students passive

learner

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN Cont..

There should be flexibility in changing lesson plan.

Should include the summary of the whole lesson.

The lesson plan should be in such a way that it should provide full justification to all students.

Should plan for student assignment. Must have plan for self –criticisms and self

evaluation of the lesson.

Prerequisites for making good

lesson planThe teacher should have-- Good knowledge about the student’s

interests, traits and abilities. Mastery over the subject matter and

adequate training on the subject. Principles of teaching and learning. Awareness of individual differences

among the students.

Prerequisites for making good

lesson plan cont..

The knowledge what the students already possess about the topic

Organization of the material in a psychological and logical fashion

Fully conversant with new methods and techniques of teaching the subject

Ensure active pupil participation

5.Application 6.Recapitulation

3.Comparison or association4.Generalizations

1.Preparation or introduction2.Presentation

STEPS IN LESSON PLANNING

Preparation or introduction

Knowledge which helps to lead them onto lesson.

Teacher prepares student to receive knowledge.

Testing previous knowledge. It arouses interest and curiosity to learn new

matter. Introduction should be brief and to the point.

Presentation

Aim of the lesson should be clearly stated before the presentation.

In teaching –learning process ,both –actively participate.

The Teacher has to present the topic in enthusiastic manner

learner will be motivated and get interest to learn

Comparison or association

Quote examples Associate facts with to example So that learner can understand very

easily and arrive at generalization on their own

Generalizations

It involves reflective thinking. Knowledge presented by the teacher

should be thought provoking. Innovating and stimulating to assist

the students to generalize the situation.

Application

The student make use of the knowledge acquired

What ever they learnt in the theory has to apply in clinical field to make learning more permanent and worthwhile.

Recapitulation

Ask suitable stimulating pivotal questions to student on topic.

The answer will give feed back, regarding the efficacy of the method of teaching clarification

Needed or not

TYPES OF LESSON PLAN

Cognitive domain

Affective domain

Psychomotor domain

Lesson plan related to knowledge

Lesson plan related to

appreciation

Lesson plan related to

skills

Forms Of Lesson Plan

HERBARTIAN APPROACH

BLOOMS OR EVALUATION APPROACH

(RCEM) REGIONAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION MYSORE APPROACH

Herbartian approach

John Frederick Herbart (1776-1841)- a German Philosopher and great educationist

This approach is influenced by classical human organizational theory

The previous knowledge of the student is considered in preparing lesson plan ,but their abilities, attitudes and values are not taken into consideration while designing a lesson plan.

Five steps of teaching unit activities

Preparation Presentation Comparison Generalization Application

Merits of Herbartian lesson planning

It is logical and psychological It assists in making teaching systematic It is employed in the teaching of all school subjects It is used in achieving the cognitive objective of teaching It employs the deductive and inductive methods of teaching It is simple and easy approach of lesson planning It employs previous knowledge of the students for imparting

new knowledge It provides a useful framework, confidence and self reliance

by following these steps and thus making teaching effective

Demerits of Herbartian approach It is highly dominated by teacher It is suited for knowledge lesson only It is highly structured and does not provide opportunities for

teacher’s creativity and originality More stress on teaching than in learning Is highly loaded by cognitive objectives Does not consider the learning structures in organizing

teaching activities Teaching activities are less meaningful and practical There is inactivity on the part of the students

Blooms approach

B .S . Bloom (1961) He has made education as objective

centered rather than client centered His approach of lesson planning is

termed as evaluative approach

Features

All educational activities are objective centered The teaching and testing should be objective centered The term evaluation concerns with all activities of

teaching and testing It does not confine to the students achievement only It evaluates the teaching, learning objectives, methods

and devices of providing learning experiences. The student performances are evaluated in terms of

learning objectives and not the achievement of the content

Tripolar process in Bloom Approach

Formulating educational objective

Creating learning experience

Evaluating change of behavior

Merits of Blooms lesson planning

The objectives are written in behavioral terms The teaching activities are related to learning

structures It makes the teaching purposeful and objective

centered It is based on psychological and scientific

principles It has greater scope for improving and

modifying the learning experience or teaching activities

Demerits of blooms lesson planning

It is highly structured and mechanized and does not provide opportunity for creativity and originality

It has the greater scope for personal factors of teacher to influence the planning and organizing teaching activities

One teaching activity does not confine to one domain. it is concerned with more than one domain

The mental process and mental abilities are not taken into consideration in writing objectives in behavioral terms

RCEM Approach

Developed by Indian educationists at Regional college of Education , Mysore

Design of lesson planning:-

input process output

HIGHLY STRUCTURED SESSON PLAN

Time

Specific Objective

Content

Teaching activity

Student Activity

AV Aids

Evaluation

Name of Teacher: Class:Subject: No. Of Students:Unit: Date and Time:Topic of lesson : DurationPrevious Knowledge Of students: Venue:Methods of Teaching:Resources:Central objectives:Specific Objectives:

Recapitulation: Assignments: Reference:

LOOSELY STRUCTURED SESSON PLAN

Time Specific objectives Content Teaching learning Activity

Name of TeacherClass:Subject: No. Of Students:Unit: Date and Time:Topic of lesson : Duration:Previous Knowledge Of students: Venue:Methods of Teaching:Resources:Central objectives:Specific Objectives:

Recapitulation: Assignments: Reference:

Advantages/Disadvantages

Teacher:- Advantages:- the teacher can plan the presentation in advance,

helping in making the teaching effective Helps in apparent time saving and avoids

unnecessary repetition New knowledge can be presented which is not

there in the text book Teacher can integrate the subject matter

Cont..

It enables the teacher to present a large amount of information in a short time

It acts as a plan for self criticisms and self evaluation

Dis Advantage:- The main emphasis is given to presentation It confines the teaching up to memory level only

Cont..

Students:- Merit:- A well presented class may increase the student

motivation Greater scope for improving and modifying the

learning experience

Cont..

Demerits:-• Student attention may want the presentation to

suit the level of understanding of all students• Poor planning and lack of direction of teaching

may result in wasting student time• Poor lesson plan can make the student a mere

passive learner

Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice

Every activity you undertake needs to be carefully planned and executed

Show good taste and neatness in dress Be mentally and physically alert Make your voice clear ,pleasing and well

modulated. Prepare your lesson thoroughly and take it into

account the probable questions that may be put to you by students during the course of your lesson

Divide your lessons into suitable sections


Illustrate your teaching by example Use correct and definite language while putting

questions to the students Be friendly and understanding but firm in your

dealings with students Use audiovisual aids properly Teach the whole class and not a few students

sitting on the front benches Develop the blackboard summary along with the

development of the lesson


Make the blackboard writing very legible Put thought provoking questions Learn to ride your eyes, through the eyes of the

students Use refined and sweet language Display sense of humor Familiarize yourself with the textbook and instructional

materials used in the class Ensure your lesson plan is free from mistakes Always consult dictionary while planning your lesson


Be sure that everything you write on the blackboard is correct

Always be punctual in reaching your class Make all possible efforts to base the discipline in

the classroom on co-operation rather than moralizing

Try to forget that you are being watched over by colleagues and the supervisor

Do not critize the regular teachers who are teaching the class


Cultivate the spirit of happiness and success in the class

Turn your head backward while writing on the board to ensure that all students are taking interest in the lesson

Use the pointer to show some places on the map or the chart

Avoid mannerisms and pet phrases Do not feel nervous when your supervisor visits

your class

Give due attention to the views of the supervisor

Accept criticism without getting your feelings hurt

Thank you