Lesson 19: Solid Waste June 6, 2006 ENV 150: Intro. to Environmental Health 1 ENV 150: Lesson 19 1 Lesson 19. Solid & Haz. Waste Solid Wastes Chuck Treser Chuck Treser University of Washington University of Washington Dept. of Environmental and Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Occupational Health Sciences June 6, 2006 June 6, 2006 ENV 150: Lesson 19 2 Lesson Overview Solid Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal Generation & Storage Generation & Storage Collection & Transport Collection & Transport Disposal Options Disposal Options Landfills Landfills Incineration Incineration Alternatives to Waste Disposal Alternatives to Waste Disposal Reduction Reduction Reuse / Recycling Reuse / Recycling Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes ALL MATERIALS • DISCARDED • SERVED ITS INTENDED PURPOSE • BY-PRODUCT OF MINING OR MANUFACTURING SOLID, SEMI-SOLID, LIQUID OR CONTAINED GASEOUS MATERIAL EXCLUDED UNDER §261 AS: • SEWAGE • CWA POINT DISCHARGE • IRRIGATION RETURN • NUCLEAR WASTE • IN SITU MINING WASTE MATERIAL IS A RCRA SOLID WASTE IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER IT IS: • DISCARDED • USED • REUSED • RECYCLED • RECLAIMED • STORED OR ACCUMULATED FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE PURPOSES GARBAGE, REFUSE or SLUDGE OTHER MATERIAL IS NOT A SOLID WASTE UNDER RCRA RCRA Definition (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
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Lesson 19: Solid Waste June 6, 2006
ENV 150: Intro. to Environmental Health 1
ENV 150: Lesson 19 1
Lesson 19. Solid & Haz. Waste
Solid Wastes
Chuck TreserChuck TreserUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of Washington
Dept. of Environmental andDept. of Environmental and
Occupational Health SciencesOccupational Health Sciences
Alternatives to Waste DisposalAlternatives to Waste DisposalReductionReduction
Reuse / RecyclingReuse / Recycling
Hazardous WastesHazardous Wastes
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ALL MATERIALS
• DISCARDED• SERVED ITS INTENDED PURPOSE
• BY-PRODUCT OF MINING OR
MANUFACTURING
SOLID, SEMI-SOLID, LIQUID OR CONTAINED GASEOUS MATERIAL
EXCLUDED UNDER §261 AS:
• SEWAGE
• CWA POINT DISCHARGE• IRRIGATION RETURN
• NUCLEAR WASTE
• IN SITU MINING WASTE
MATERIAL IS A RCRA SOLID WASTE IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER IT IS:• DISCARDED• USED• REUSED• RECYCLED• RECLAIMED• STORED OR ACCUMULATED FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE PURPOSES
GARBAGE,
REFUSE orSLUDGE
OTHER
MATERIAL IS NOTA SOLID WASTE
UNDER RCRA
RCRA Definition(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Identify and clean up abandonedhazardous waste sites & undergroundtanks leaking toxic chemicals
National Priorities List
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CERCLA
To keep taxpayers from footing most ofthe bill clean ups are based on thepolluter-pays principle
The EPA is in charge of:Finding the parties responsible for each site.Ordering them to pay for the entire clean up.Suing them if they do not.
If no responsible found – money is drawn out ofthe “Superfund” for clean up.
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Hazardous WasteNightmare
The story of Love Canal
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Love Canal
Late 1800’s – early 1900’s
New dream community on the easternedge of Niagara Falls, NY proposed byWilliam T. Love.
Love felt that digging a short canalbetween the upper and lower NiagaraRivers, power could be generated cheaplyfor this “model city.”
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Niagara Falls
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Love Canal
Love’s project was not really feasibledue to economic times and newertechnology (alternating current). Healso ran out of money.
1910 – Love’s dream shattered.
Just a partial ditch (60 feet by 3000feet long) remained whereconstruction began for the canal.
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Love Canal
1910 – 1927 canal used by residents to fishand swim
1927 – land annexed by the city
1942 – 1952 Canal becomes municipal andindustrial chemical dumpsite for HookerChemical Co. 21,000 tons total weredumped in this area.
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Love Canal
1953 – the Hooker ChemicalCompany, owners and operators ofthis property, covered the canal withsoil and sold it to the Niagara FallsSchool Board for $1.00.
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Love Canal
1955 – elementary school andplayground constructed onsite.
1957 construction of homes werebuilt on this property.
By 1978 – 800 homes had been built.
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Love Canal
Trees and gardens were turning blackand dying.
Noxious puddles in yards andbasements.
Children returned from play withburns on their hands and faces.
Birth defect rates were rapidlyincreasing in this area.
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Love Canal
August 1978 – News story brokeabout Love Canal containinghazardous chemicals, several of themcarcinogens.
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Love Canal
Lois Marie Gibbs – “Mother of Superfund”created Love Canal HomeownersAssociation (LCHA).
Protested the situation to the government.
President Carter approved emergencyfinancial aid for the residents.
By end of August, 98 families had beenevacuated.
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Love Canal
Eventually all but 67 families wererelocated by 1979.
Superfund/CERCLA goes into effect 1980.
239 homes closest to the canal weredemolished and the southern section ofthe neighborhood declared uninhabitable.
Summer 1990 – 200 northern homesconsidered “habitable.” Black CreekVillage subdivision is established.
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Love Canal
Company has paid over $98 millionand then some for clean-up of siteand lawsuits.
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“The entire area is probably one ofthe most tested pieces of propertyon this planet. It’s probably one ofthe safest places to live.”
Mike Basile(spokesman for the EPA)
Assurances
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“I haven’t found a scientist yetwho would say the landfill won’tleak again. The logical flow ofwater in that community is fromthe landfill to the homes.”
Lois Gibbs
Doubts
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Love Canal
September 2004 – area officiallyremoved off of National PrioritiesList
Superfund Closer toHome
Gas Works Park
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Welcome to Gasworks!
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Gas Works Park
1900-1956 – Seattle Gas & Lightcompany purchased this land for a gasprocessing plant.
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Gas Works Park
1900-1930 – plant used coal , leavingbehind coal tar and underground plumesof a substance called napthalene.
Today that product remains underground,but is believed to be so deep it’s actuallybelow the bottom of Lake Union.
City Officials plan to leave it untouched.
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Gas Works Park
1930-1956 – plant used oil to convertto manufactured gas, which createda benzene plume.
Benzene is a by product of gasoline.
Plant closed in 1956 when naturalgas became the new way to heathomes.
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Gas Works Park
1961 – City of Seattle purchased land for$1.3 million dollars for future park. TheCity was fully aware of the contaminantsand agreed to clean them up.
1976 – After 3 years of hauling awaycontaminated soil, the park opens to thepublic.
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Gas Works Park
1984 – Park temporarily closed again dueto heighten concern of health hazards.
Park considered to be a Superfund site,but the state chose to clean it up instead.
Politics and money delayed a thoroughclean up until the 1990’s.
$4 million dollars later, Gas Works Parkwas reopened.
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Another Sign
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Gas Works Park
Site still remains contaminated.
Clean up still in progress.
Bottom line: don’t eat the soil ordrink the lake.
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Questions
??
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Web Resources
U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyhttp://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/osw/hazwaste.htm