Lesson: Atoms
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Lesson: Atoms
Science Differentiation in action
Elements are made up of one type of atom.
Gold nuggets are made up of gold atoms.
A sheet of copper is made up of copper atoms.
Gold nuggets
Sheet of copper
Science Differentiation in action
Remember, elements are listed on the Periodic Table.
If a substance is listed on the Periodic Table, it is an element e.g. copper (Cu) and gold (Au).
Can you name any other elements?
Science Differentiation in action
The Periodic Table tells us about the atoms that make up the elements.
Some non-metals
Part of the Periodic Table
2He
10Ne
18Ar
Science Differentiation in action
Atoms are extremely small.
Each full stop in your textbook contains more than 1000 million atoms.
Science Differentiation in action
Each atom is made up of smaller parts called sub-atomic particles.
There are three types ofsub-atomic particle:
ProtonsNeutrons
Electrons
Science Differentiation in action
A diagram of an atom
nucleuselectrons
protons
neutrons
The size of the nucleus is large to make the diagram easier to draw and
understand. In reality, the nucleus
is much smaller relative to the size
of the atom.
Science Differentiation in action
nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons
A diagram of an atom
Science Differentiation in action
The three types of sub-atomic particles are found in different parts of an atom
Protons are found in the nucleus.
Neutrons are found in the nucleus.
Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
Science Differentiation in action
nucleus
electrons
protons
neutrons
A diagram of an atom
in the nucleus
in the nucleus
orbit in shells
Science Differentiation in action
The three types of sub-atomic particles have different masses
Protons are 1 amu.
Neutrons are 1 amu.
Electrons are 1/1840 amu.
amu = atomic mass unit
Science Differentiation in action
nucleus
electrons orbit in shells
protons
neutrons
A diagram of an atom
1 amu
1 amu
1/1840 amu
Science Differentiation in action
The three types of sub-atomic particles have different charges.
Protons are positive.
Neutrons are neutral.
Electrons are negative.
Science Differentiation in action
nucleus
electrons orbit on shells
protons
neutrons
A diagram of an atom
neutral
positive
negative
Science Differentiation in action
1. Label each part in the diagram.
Review Questions
Cprotons
A
D
B
2. What is the chargeof each particle?
Science Differentiation in action
How do atoms fit together?
Question to think about!
hydrogen
oxygen
A water molecule containing two hydrogen atoms
chemically combined to one oxygen atom.
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