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Lesson 31. Name Resolution
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Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Dec 23, 2015

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Felicity Sparks

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workstation dns server

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winntsystem32driveretc

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domain names maps ip

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Page 1: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Lesson 31. Name Resolution

Page 2: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Objectives

At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Page 3: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

• Explain the purpose of name resolution.• Identify each of the following and explain

how each relates to TCP/IP: DNS, WINS, and host files.

• Identify the normal configuration parameters for a workstation, including DNS, WINS, host name, and Internet Domain Name.

Page 4: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Network+ Domains covered:

• 3.11• 4.1• 4.7

Page 5: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

A single computer may be identified in many different ways:

• A NetBEUI name like: Larry• A host name like: Workstation1• A URL like: www.heathkit.com• An IP Addresses like: 200.0.1.13• A Hardware or MAC Addresses like: 00-

00-21-0A-EF-12

http://www.heathkit.com/
Page 6: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The HOSTS File

• A hold over from the earliest days of the Internet.

• The original HOSTS file resided on a computer at the Stanford Research Institute’s Network Information Center.

• Its purpose: To map an IP address to a host’s name.

Page 7: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The HOSTS File is located in the Server at:

C:\Winnt\System32\Driver\etc\

Page 8: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:
Page 9: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The HOSTS file.

• This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names.

• Each entry should be kept as an individual line.

• The IP address is placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.

• The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one space.

• Comments may be inserted and are denoted by the # (numbers) symbol.

Page 10: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

# Indicates Comments

Maps IP AddressTo Host Name.

Page 11: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

127.0.0.1 localhost

IP Address Host Name

Page 12: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

127.0.0.1 localhost131.1.2.201 Workstation1 # Larry’s PC131.1.2.202 Workstation2 # Curly’s PC

IP Address Host Name Comments

# DenotesComments

Page 13: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:
Page 14: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

HOSTS File

• Purpose – Maps IP addresses to host names.• Disadvantage – Works only with Static IP

addresses. • Used in small networks which do not use

the Domain Name System (DNS) and in older systems, especially UNIX systems.

Page 15: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Some Definitions

• Host name – An English-like or human-friendly name for a particular computer in a network.

• Domain Name – An English-like name for a particular network.

• Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) – The complete name for a machine on a network, comprised of both the host name and the domain name.

• Universal Resource Locator (URL) – The addressing scheme used by the Internet.

Page 16: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The Domain Name System (DNS)

• Acts as “Directory Assistance” for Domain Names

• Maps IP Addresses to Domain Names.• A Hierarchical Network of Servers.• Distributed throughout the Internet.

Page 17: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Address:

http://www.ibm.com

Page 18: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

DNS Servers

DNS Configuration Tab

Page 19: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

DNS Server

Hey, DNS Server! What is the IP

address of:www.ibm.com

?

Page 20: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

DNS Server

The correct IP address for www.ibm.com is

204.146.80.199

http://www.ibm.com/
Page 21: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The Domain Name System

.COM

.EDU .GOV .INT .MIL

GE GM IBM

WWW DE IP

Top-Level Domains

Subdomains

Computer Names

“ “ “Root”

Page 22: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

.COM DNS Server

IBM.COM DNS Server

What is the IP address of:www.ibm.com

?

Page 23: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

Maybe the Root DNS Server knows.

Hey, Root DNS Server! What is the

IP Address of www.ibm.com

?

http://www.ibm.com/
Page 24: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

I don’t know. Ask the .COM Server @

200.XX.XX.XX

Page 25: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS ServerHey, .COM DNS Server! What is the IP

Address of www.ibm.com

?.COM DNS Server

http://www.ibm.com/
Page 26: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

.COM DNS Server

I don’t know. Ask the IBM.COM Server @

199.XX.XX.XX

Page 27: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS ServerHey, IBM.COM DNS Server! What is the IP

Address of www.ibm.com

?.COM DNS Server

IBM.COM DNS Server

Page 28: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

.COM DNS Server

IBM.COM DNS Server

The correct IP address for www.ibm.com is

204.146.80.199

Page 29: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Your Workstation

LocalDNS

Server

Root DNS Server

.COM DNS Server

IBM.COM DNS Server

www.ibm.com Server

Page 30: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Mapping host names to IP addresses

• HOSTS file• Domain Name Service

Page 31: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

How do you map NetBIOS names to IP addresses?

• NetBIOS names used by Microsoft products.

• Two mapping systemso LMHOSTSo Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)o DNS (Windows 2000)

Page 32: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

The LMHOSTS file

• The NetBIOS equivalent to the HOSTS file.• The LMHOSTS file does for NetBIOS

names what the HOSTS file does for host names.

• It is unique to Microsoft products.• In Windows NT 4.0 the LMHOSTS file is

located at:o C:\Winnt\System32\drivers\etc\

• Same general format as the HOSTS file.

Page 33: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

• Unique to Microsoft Windows. • Comes with Windows NT/2000 Server. • Maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses.• Updated dynamically as new NetBIOS

names are added to the system.

Page 34: Lesson 31. Name Resolution. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

• Explain the purpose of name resolution.• Identify each of the following and explain

how each relates to TCP/IP: DNS, WINS, and host files.

• Identify the normal configuration parameters for a workstation, including DNS, WINS, host name, and Internet Domain Name.


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