Lesson 3 MOON - University of Hawaiiblog.hawaii.edu/hcri/files/2017/01/U4L3-Moon-Stars.pdf · 2017-01-11 · Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U4.L3.A1 * Reef Pulse - U4 L3 A1 Engage

MOON AND Stars

UNIT 4: EXPLORE! FROM SKY TO SEA

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Starlight, moonlight, and the Moon’s gravity greatly affect Earth. Students learn the importance of observing patterns and asking questions about patterns. They also learn celestial objects can cause observable changes on Earth.

MOON AND Stars

UNIT 4: EXPLORE! FROM SKY TO SEA

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Table of contents 4 Launch!

Moon and Stars. In the night sky, you can see the moon and stars.

6 Star Light, Star BrightsA1: Constellations. Constellations are patterns of stars visible in the night sky.

12 Moon at NightA2: Moonlight. The moon does not shine on its own. Instead, it bounces back sunlight.

18 Waxin’ and WaningA3: Moon Phases. The moon goes through eight main phases as it revolves.

24 Follow the LightA4: Ocean Animals. Marine critters rely on the moon and stars to provide guiding light and reproduction cues.

30 Stop Pulling Me!A5: Tides. During high tide, sea level rises and covers more of the beach. At low tide, the opposite occurs.

36 Stop Bunching Me!A6: Gravity’s Effect on Tides. Gravity from the moon and sun pull on Earth’s water to create tides.

42 Bunchin’ AroundA7: Centrifugal Force. Centrifugal force causes high tide on the side of Earth opposite from.

Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U4.L3.Launch! * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

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Ready?Cut five, nine-inch strings per student.

Set?Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Star Light, Star Bright (Constellations)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 2: • Moon at Night (Moonlight)

Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.

What lights do you see in the

nighttime sky?Moon and stars!

In the night sky, you can see the moon and stars.

MaterialsConstruction paperGlitterGlueMarkersScissorsHole punchStringWire hanger (1 per student)

Hawaii Standards SC.K.8.2

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EngageCreate a moon and star mobile individually.

Draw moon and star shapes.• Use glitter and markers to decorate. Cut out shapes.

Attach string to cutouts.• Punch hole in top of cutout. Insert string. Tie knot.

Tie strings to bottom of hanger.• Shift weight of hangings to balance mobile.

How it worksMoon and stars! They do not provide as much light as the sun. A bright moon, however, can still light your way!

Name that Scientist!Astronomers study celestial bodies. Astronauts explore them.

Literature Links“The stars are forth, the moon above the tops of the snow-shining mountains. Beautiful!” (Manfred, Act III, Scene IV by Lord Byron)

NOAA LinkBuild a dodecahedron globe! The National Geophysical Data Center offers a printable, foldable globe with nighttime lights and elevation.

www.ngdc.noaa.gov Search “dodecahedron”

Think about it...What lights do you see in the nighttime sky?

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Star Light, Star Bright(Constellations)

Constellations are patterns of stars visible in the night sky.

Ready?Engage Check out Seeing Stars by Dandi Mackall (J 523.8 Ma)

ElaborateFind pictures of Cassiopeia and the Big Dipper around the North Star.

EvaluateCreate Moon Box Planetarium.

Directions on U4.L3.A1 p.11

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Electrical Explorations (Electrical Energy)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Star Light, Star Bright (Moon and Stars)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 2: • Moon at Night (Moon and Stars)


MaterialsSeeing Stars (QB801.7.M33)PaperPaper towelsToothpicksMarkersProjectorScissorsShoebox (1 per group)Construction paper (black)TapeFlashlight (1 per group)

Constellations!

What do you call the star patterns

in the night sky?

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Engage Read Seeing Stars by Dandi Mackall as a class.

Artistic NoteStars twinkle when seen from Earth. We use the familiar five-pointed star shape instead of a circle to show their twinkle.

Interesting FactPtolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer, introduced 48 constellations, most of which we still recognize today.

Greek MythologyOnce upon a time, Orion was a mighty hunter. He died from the sting of a giant scorpion. You can still see it chasing Orion in the night sky.

Think about it...What is a constellation?

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ExploreCreate your own constellations individually.

Draw of a picture you would like to see in the night sky.• Keep it simple. Make up a story about your picture.

Make your constellations.• Place paper on layer of two paper towels. Use a toothpick to poke holes through paper near lines of your drawing. Make bigger holes for brighter stars.

Add other stars to your picture.•

Project your constellation.• Place on overhead projector. Explain your constellation and its story to your class.

Think about it...How did people find constellations?

Star Light, Star Bright

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ExplainYou can see thousands of stars in the night sky. A star is a huge, fiery ball of gases like our sun.

What is a constellation?Pattern of stars! Some popular constellations in the northern hemisphere are Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, and Orion. Their positions change in the night sky as Earth revolves around the sun.

How did people find constellations?Observation! They noticed patterns when they looked at the nighttime sky. With their imaginations, they drew pictures in the patterns. Then, they often made up stories to go with the pictures! Constellations are more than pictures and stories. For centuries, sailors used them to find their way.

Hawaii NeiUniversity of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy researchers investigate stars and galaxies

www.ifa.hawaii.edu

What's in a Word?Constellation comes from the Latin words com (with) and stella (star).

NOAA LinkGlobal positioning systems (GPS) have constellations, too!

www.oceanservice.noaa.gov>> global positioning


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NORTH STAR

CASSIO

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BIG DIPPER

ElaborateFind and create the North Star as a class.

Look at pictures of the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia.• Draw it on the board.

Choose North Star.• Stand in center of room.

Choose two pointer stars, students A and B.• A: Walk five steps away from North Star. Face North Star. B: Walk one step beyond A. Face North Star.

Form rest of Big Dipper, students C-G.• C: Take two steps to left of A.D: Take two steps to left of B. E-G: Form handle branching out from C.

Form Cassiopeia, students H-L.• H: Walk in straight line from pointer stars to North star. Continue on for five steps. Take one step to your right. Turn and face North Star.L: Form W shape to left of H.

Big Dipper and Cassiopeia: Rotate around North Star.• Stay in formation.

How it worksBig Dipper and Cassiopeia! Northern hemisphere navigators learn about the North Star because it always points north. The wall of the Big Dipper opposite the handle (called pointer stars) always point straight to the North Star. If you continue the line through the North Star, you reach Cassiopeia. From Earth, Cassiopeia and the Big Dipper appear to rotate around the North Star.

Think about it...How can you find the North Star in the night sky?

Star Light, Star Bright

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EvaluateWhat do you call star patterns in the night sky?

Answer by making your own constellations in a Moon Box Planetarium.

Cut large square out of short end of shoebox• Cut construction paper to fit just over hole.

Cut a circle just large enough to insert a flashlight into opposite • end.

Make Big Dipper and North Star. • Use toothpick to poke holes in construction paper.

Cover square opening with your paper. • Tape to secure.

Insert flashlight in hole.• Darken room. Turn on flashlight. What do you see?

Add each Evaluate activity in this lesson to the Moon Box • Planetarium.

Would you see the north star in the southern hemisphere? Why or why not?

AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.8.2 Identify different types of celestial objects seen in the day and

night sky.

SC.1.1.1 Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely.

SC.1.1.2 Explain the results of an investigation to an audience using simple data organizers (e.g., charts, graphs, pictures).

Hawaii NeiAncient Hawaiian naviga-tors used a star.

Did You Know?Cassiopeia runs along the Milky Way.

Interesting FactThe Big Dipper forms the tail of Ursa Major (great bear).

Just for fun!Sing the constellation song.

www.astro.washington.eduSearch “88 constellations song”


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what do you call light reflected off the moon?

moonlight!

Moon at Night(Moonlight)

Ready?Engage Tear sheets of tin foil.

Ask students to bring a low-watt flashlight.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Electrical Explorations (Electrical Energy)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Star Light, Star Bright (Constellations)


MaterialsTinfoil (1 sheet per pair)Flashlight (1 per pair)Copy paper (white) (1 per group)TapeShoe boxConstruction paper (white) (1 per group)Books (2-3 per group)Construction paper (black) (1 per person)PencilsScissorsPhotographic paper (1 per person)LampGlueMoon Box Planetarium

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.8.2

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The moon does not shine on its own. Instead, it bounces back the sun’s light.

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EngageBounce light in pairs.Partner 1: Hold sheet of tinfoil in front of you.

Darken room.• Observe foil.

Partner 2: Shine flashlight on foil.• Observe foil.

Keiki StorytimeGoodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown (E B)

Lessons from HistoryLeonardo da Vinci was the first scientific lunar cartog-rapher (map maker).

Think about it!The moon has no water, yet it still has many seas, oceans, bays, marshes and lakes! What do you think fill them?

Think about it...Can the moon make its own light?

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ExploreCreate a bright shining moon in small groups.

Tape copy paper vertically to wall. • Edge should touch floor.

Tape white construction vertically paper to side of box.• Construction paper should face typing paper.

Place box twelve inches (one foot) from wall. •

Set up flashlight.• Stack books near copy paper. Place flashlight on pile, facing box.

Darken room.•

Turn on flashlight.• Shine toward box. Observe paper on wall.

Turn flashlight off.• Observe paper again.

Think about it...Why does the Moon appear lit?

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Moon at Night



ExplainThe moon orbits Earth. We can see this big rock in the nighttime sky.

Can the moon make its own light?No! Stars, like the sun, give off their own light. Rocks, like the moon, do not produce their own light.

Why does the moon appear lit?Light bounces! Light from the sun shines on the moon. The moon then bounces the light back to us on Earth so we can see it.

Did you know?The moon has no global magnetic field.

Interesting FactNeil Armstrong first stepped on the moon in1969 with his left foot.

NOAA LinkReflecting sunlight also makes ocean surfaces glow!

www.photolib.noaa.govSearch “reflecting Pacific”


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ElaborateMimic the moon in pairs.

Select two volunteers (Earth and moon).•

Class: beat a steady, four-count rhythm on your desk.• Hit a louder beat on “four.”

Earth and moon - Rotate counter-clockwise in place to the beat.• Face each other on the count of four.

Repeat with two new volunteers.•

**Activity Extension**Earth: Continue to rotate to the beat of four. •

Moon: Continue to rotate as you revolve (walk around Earth).• Be sure to face Earth on the fourth beat!

Moon at Night

Think about it...Do we always see the same side of the moon?

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EvaluateWhat do you call light reflected off the moon?

Answer by making a bright moon photo to add to your Moon Box Planetarium.

Draw a moon shape on a square of black paper.•

Carefully cut the moon out of the paper.• You will use the moon part.

.Take one piece of photographic paper from packet.• Quickly lay the moon on it.

Point lamp at paper.• Switch on lamp and leave on for several minutes. Switch off lamp.

Remove moon from photo paper•

Glue moon photo to one side of your • Moon Box.

Share with a partner the reason we can • see the moon in the night sky.

What other things bounce light like the moon?

AssessSC.K.8.2 Identify different types of celestial objects seen in the day and

night sky.



Japanese FolkloreOnce upon a time, a rabbit lived in the moon pounding mochi. If you look at a full moon, you can see the shape of a rabbit.

Literature LinkJules Verne wrote an exciting adventure tale about sending people to the moon by blasting them out of a cannon. (From the Earth to the Moon)

Did You Know?Over 500,000 craters on the moon can be seen from Earth.


Ready?ExploreCut two six-inch circles (one from black construction paper, one from white) per student.

Fold black circle into eight equally sized pie pieces.Cut one slice from white circle, same size as a single black wedge.

Find and print pictures of the stages of the moon.(Example: tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov >> Products>>Astronomical Data)

ElaborateSend note home explaining moon phase flipbook assignment.

EvaluateCut eight, two-inch circles per student from black construction paper.

Punch a hole in the top of each circle. Cut string into eight, seven-inch pieces per student.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 4-Activity 3:• Circling Circuits (Electrical Energy)Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • Falling Down (Gravity) Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 1: • Star Light, Star Bright (Constellations)

Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.•

MaterialsNewspaper (several sheets per student)Construction paper (black and white)ScissorsRulerMarkerCrayonsPastelsBrads (1 per student)Index cards (unlined) (28 per student)PencilStaplerStringSponge (1 per student)GlueGlitter (silver)Chopstick (2 per student)Moon Box Planetarium

moon phases!what do you call the

different shapes of the moon?

The moon goes through eight main phases as it revolves around Earth.

Hawaii StaNdardsSC.K.1.3SC.K.6.1SC.K.8.2

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Waxin' and Waning(Moon Phases)



EngageBuild multiple moons individually.

Crumple sheets of newspaper into different moon shapes.

Reading ResourceThe Moon Seems to Change by Franklyn M. Branley (J 523.3 B)

Did You Know?Monday literally means “day of the moon” (Greek).

NOAA LinkCenter for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services offers a webpage that calculates moon phase for each month.

tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov>> Astronomonica Data

Think about it...Does the moon always look the same?

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ExploreMake a Moongazer individually.

Look at images depicting the phases of the moon.•

Draw eight main phases of moon cycle on black paper.• Trace a quarter on each pie slice. Use pastels to color in phases.

Place white circle on top of black circle.• Fasten together with brad in center.

Spin counter clockwise and look at different moon phases.•

Think about it...What shapes moon have during its different phases?

Waxin' and Waning

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ExplainThe moon revolves around Earth about once every 29 days. As it does, the moon appears to change shapes. Do not be fooled! The moon remains a sphere.

Does the moon always look the same?No! The moon’s position in relation to the sun and Earth creates moon phases. Aunty says “waxing” means getting bigger and “waning” means the opposite.

What shapes does the moon take during its different phases?Invisible to full circle! We cannot readily see a new moon. A crescent moon looks like a banana. Then we see a half circle (quarter moon), three-quarters of a circle (gibbous), and finally the whole circle (full).

On the Cutting EdgeStronger gravitational pull during new and full moons seems to cause more earthquakes.

Did you know?Quarter moon and half moon mean the same thing! Quarter refers to the fraction of the lunar month, while half describes the fraction of the visible moon.

Scientists SayPonzo Illusion to describe why the moon appears larger on the horizon.

Did You Know?Astronomers name eight main phases of the moon: new, waxing, crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.


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ElaborateMake a Moon Phase Flipbook individually.

Go outside and observe the Moon.• Observe every night for 28 nights.

Draw what you see every night.• Trace a nickle in the lower right corner of index card. Fill in the circle to show the moon’s shape that you observed.

Label each card with date. • Write date in upper left corner of card.

Clip index cards together on the left edge.•

Flip book fast to see different moon shapes.•

How it worksNo! The moon’s phases change gradually. The new moon, first and last quarter moons, and full moon all occur on specific nights of the lunar month. The moon shows a different size each day of the month, first growing larger, then smaller night by night..

Waxin' and Waning

Think about it...Does the Moon switch suddenly from phase to phase?

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AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of

which they are made).SC.K.8.2 Identify different types of celestial objects seen in the day and night sky.


SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.

Chinese FolkloreIn China, the dark shadows forming a face in the full moon is seen as “the toad in the moon.”

English ExpressionsA blue moon is the second full moon in one month. This usually happens only one month per year. What do you think the expres-sion “once in a blue moon” means?

NOAA LinkFind a moon phase lesson plan.

www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream The Ocean >> Tides >> Moonlight Serenade

Interesting FactFootprints left by Apollo astronauts on the moon will never erode since neither wind nor water exist there.

for your informationIt takes 29 days for the moon to rotate around its axis and 29 days fot it to revolve around the Earth.

EvaluateWhat do you call the different shapes of the moon?

Answer by making moon phases to add to your Moon Box Planetarium.

Decorate phases of the moon. • Use sponge to apply thin layer of glue to paper circle in the shape of a waxing crescent. Sprinkle on glitter. Shake off extra.

Repeat.• Create each of the eight phases of the moon with glue and glitter.

Attach a string to each moon phase.• Pass string through holes at top of circles. Tie.

Tie four strings to each chopstick• .Space evenly.

Glue chopsticks to inside of box top.•

Based on the pictures you drew in your flipbook, when do you think the next full moon will occur?


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Ready?ExploreCut small circles from white construction paper (one per group).

EvaluateFind pictures of Hawaiian bobtail squid, baby Hawksbill or honu, and box sea jellies.

Set?Unit 4-Lesson 3-Activity 1: • Compass Capers (Directions)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 2: • Moon at Night (Moonlight)


Ocean animals!what uses the

moon to help them see, defend and

reproduce?

Marine critters rely on the Moon and to provide light and reproduction cues.

Follow the Light(Ocean Animals)

MaterialsSheetFlashlights (5)One Tiny Turle (J 597.928 Da)Construction paper (white)ScissorsShallow pan (1 per group)SandChopstick (1 per group)TapeSheet pan (1 per group)Toy sea turtle (1 per group)Jellybeans (several per group)Small shells (several per group)Camera (1 per group)Poster board (1 per group)GlueChinese jump rope (1 per group)Modeling clayMoon Box Planetarium


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EngagePlay Squid Twinkle as a class.

Two students: Hold up sheet like a wall. •

Stars and squid: Five other students stand behind sheet holding • flashlights. Teacher: Secretly select one of the five students to be bobtail squid.Other four are stars.

Darken room. •

Stars and squid: Shine lights through sheet. •

Predator: Class sit on opposite side of sheet and guess which • light is the squid. There should be no difference between the squid’s light and the starlight.

Select different students and play again.•

On the cutting edgeScientists suspect bioluminescent bacteria cause milky seas, when the nighttime ocean glows intensely as far as the eye can see in all directions.

Interesting FactThe light a bobtail squid gives off cannot been seen with the unaided human eye.

Scientists Say......bioluminescence for “living light” in Latin.

Think about it...How do you think stars help marine critters hide?

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ExploreDepict baby sea turtles’ journey to the ocean in small groups.

Read • One Tiny Turtle by Nicola Davies (J 597.928 Da).

Set the scene.• Pour sand carefully into half of your pan. Blank area is ocean.

Create moon.• Tape white paper circle (moon) to chopstick. Display moon in scenes three, four, and five.

Arrange props to create scenes. • Use toy as female sea turtle. Use jellybeans as eggs. Use shells as baby turtles.

Take a picture of each scene. • Scene 1: Female green sea turtle (honu) digs hole in sand. Scene 2: Female turtle lays several eggs in hole. Scene 3: Eggs hatch at night. Scene 4: Baby turtles follow moonlight to water. Scene 5: Baby turtles swim out to sea.

Paste pictures to posterboard in sequence to tell a story. •

Think about it...How do sea turtles depend on the moon?

Follow the Light

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ExplainThe night sky does more than provide light for humans. It also helps ocean animals! The moon and stars play an important role in the lives and reproduction of many marine animals.

How do the stars help marine creatures hide from all the way up in the sky?

Mimicry! Glowing bacteria live in bobtail squid bellies. When predators swimming below them look up, they see glowing “starlight” instead of a squid. Think of the squid activity. You could not tell which light was the squid!

How do sea turtles depend on the moon? Navigation! When green sea turtles hatch at nighttime, baby turtles use moonlight as a guide to get to the ocean quickly to avoid predators.

Keiki StorytimeI’ll Follow the Moon by Stephanie Lisa Tara.

Did you know?Sea turtle hatchlings are two to four inches long and weigh less than an ounce when they make their first journey into the ocean!

Hawaii NeiAncient Hawaiians used a moon calendar to schedule fishing times.

NOAA linkFind out about the effect of lunar cycles on animals.

www.oceanservice.noaa.gov/educationSearch “The Moon Made Me Do It”


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ElaboratePlay Box Sea Jelly Jump Rope in small groups.

Divide into groups of three. • Choose two students to be anchors. Remaining student is jellyfish.

Anchors: Set up Chinese jump rope.• Stand three feet apart. Spread legs shoulder width apart. Stretch elastic rope tight around ankles.

Jellyfish: Jump in and out of rope.• Stand to left side of rope. Do the following steps in order.

SIDE: Left foot lands outside left rope. Right foot lands inside rope. IN: Jump both feet inside rope. SIDE: Right foot lands outside right rope. Left foot lands inside rope. OUT: Both feet land outside opposite sides of rope. IN: Jump both feet inside rope. OPEN: Jump with feet apart (wide), inside rope.CLOSE: Jump with feet together, inside rope.OUT: Both feet land outside opposite sides of rope. TWIST: Cross feet, crossing rope too.ON: Jump with both feet to uncross rope. Land with left foot lands on left rope and right foot on right.

All: chant the following as you jump.• “Sea jellies float in eight days af-ter full moon.”

Rotate positions until all students have a turn as jellyfish.•

How it worksSwarm cues! Box sea jellies regularly invade Oahu’s south and west shores eight to ten days after a full moon.

Follow the Light

Think about it...How does the moon affect box sea jellies?

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EvaluateWhat uses the moon to help them see, defend and reproduce?

Answer by making critters that depend on the moon.

Sculpt animals with modeling clay.•

Set animals on bottom of Moon Box Planetarium.•

Explain to a partner how your animals • rely on the moon or stars.

What other animals rely on the moon or stars?

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.



SC.1.4.1 Describe how living things have structures that help them to survive.SC.1.5.2 Describe the physical characteristics of living things that enable them to

live in their environment.

SC.2.4.1 Explain how plants and animals go through life cycles.

Hawaii NeiFind out when sea jellies arrive on Oahu.

www.honolulu.gov.Kamaaina >> Search jellyfish

Scientists say......Sea jellies instead of jellyfish.

Did You Know?Chinese jump rope is played around the world. Other names for the game include Gummitwist, kummikeks, and skip-tape.

NOAA LinkFollow coral spawning during full moons.

www.coral.noaa.govCLEO >> Education modules


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Ready?ExploreFamiliarize yourself with lyrics to Tide song (U4.L3.A5-p.32).

ElaborateMake two parallel lines, one giant step apart on floor using painter’s tape.

Tape a third parallel line two giant steps away. Scatter shells between the three parallel lines.

EvaluatePrint daily tide charts for various beaches around Oahu (one per student).

Use www.hawaiitides.com or local newspapers.

Set?Unit 3-Lesson 3-Actiivity 2: • Rockin’ By The Sea (Tide Pool Shelters)Unit 3-Lesson 3-Actiivity 3:• Get a Grip (Tide Pool Producers)Unit 4-Lesson 2-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: • Stop Bunching Me! (Gravity’s Effect on Tides)


MaterialsTide (mp3 and lyrics)Painter’s tapeShellsTide chart (1 per student)ScissorsGlueMoon Box Planetarium

During high tide, sea level rises and covers more of the beach. At low tide, the opposite occurs.

Stop Pulling Me!(Tides)

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.1.3SC.K.6.1SC.K.8.1

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what do you call the rise and fall of water on the

shoreline?

Tides!

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EngageMake a Handy Sand Castle individually.

Set down one hand in a fist.• This is your sand castle.

Move your other hand like a wave “crawling” back and forth • across desk.Position hand across desk from castle.

Move your wave hand closer and closer like waves on a beach • until your castle is washed away.

Retreat your wave hand slowly back to original starting point. • Castle hand is flat.

Keiki StorytimeSophie’s Castle by Heather F. Levine (E Levine)

Hawaii NeiThe difference between a high and low tide in Hawaii is about 18 inches.

NOAA linkAnchorge, Alaska has a tidal difference of 40 feet!

www.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov >> education >> history and theory

During high tide, sea level rises and covers more of the beach. At low tide, the opposite occurs.

Think about it...Why do many sandcastles eventually wash away at the beach?

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ExploreSing Tides as a class.

Every day the sun shines, every night the moon shines.Every day the oceans rise, every day there are four tides.

The moon and the sun, both pull on the water.The level of the ocean gets higher and higher.

The tides go in, the tides go out.It happens every dayThat’s what this song is all about

(Repeat)

Think about it...How many tidal changes are there in one day?

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Stop pulling Me!



ExplainThe water level at the beach changes throughout the day. At low tide, more sand is exposed than at high tide, when the water covers more of the beach!

Why do sandcastles eventually wash away at the beach?Tides! High tide occurs when the sea level reaches its highest point. On the shoreline, high tide knocks down sand castles and gets towels left too close to water wet!

How many tidal changes are there in one day? Four! All ocean shores, including Hawaii experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours. It takes about 6-hours for the tide to come in and 6-hours for it to go out. Then it does it again. The times at which the tides occur vary from day to day.

Reading ResourceHigh Tide, Low Tide by Jason Cooper (J 551.464 Co)

Interesting FactWaves tend to form better and move quicker during low tide!

What's in a Word?Tide comes from the Old English word tid, meaning “division of time.”


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ElaborateAct like tides as class.

Students line up on first line.• Alternate students form high tide and low tide. (see Activity Setup, above.)

Low tide: Walk as a line toward taped line closest to you. Walk backward to • starting point. Pick up shells on floor as you retreat to starting point.High tide: Remain at starting line.

High tide: Walk as a line toward furthest taped line. Walk backward to starting • point. Pick up shells on floor as you retreat to starting point.Low tide: Remain at starting line.

Repeat.• This time, drop shells as you walk forward and pick up shells as you walk backward.

How it worksHigh and low! All ocean shores, including Hawaii, experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours. The times at which the tides occur vary from day to day.

Stop pulling Me!

= Seashell

= Painter’s Tape

= Low-tide kids

= High-tide kids

Activity Setup: Key:

Think about it...What happens to the animals in the ocean during the change in tides?

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EvaluateWhat do you call the rise and fall of water on the shoreline?

In small groups, decide what time of the day you would want to build a sandcastle and why.

Look at a tide calendar.•

See what time the low and high tides are at your local beach.•

Cut out tide calendar and paste on a wall in your Moon Box • Planetarium.

In The Tempest (Act I, Scene I), Shakespeare wrote about “the washing of ten tides.” How many days is this?

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of

which they are made).SC.K.8.1 Report and describe weather changes from day to day.


SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.

Did You Know?Sailors and navigators use instruments called tide clocks to keep track of high and low tides when they are out at sea.

Scientists Say...“flood tide” when the tide changes from low to high and “ebb tide” when it changes from high to low.

NOAA LinkCenter for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services measures tides in Hawaii.

www.noaa.gov Search “Measuring Tides”


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Ready?ExploreCreate life-sized tic-tac-toe boards using painter’s tape.

EvaluatePut yellow, orange, blue, green, white, and grey poster paints on a palette.Mix linseed oil with each color. Fill shallow pans with water. Pans should be larger than a piece of paper.

Set?Unit 4-Lesson 2-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 5: • Stop Pulling Me! (Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: • Stop Bunching Me! (Gravity’s Effect on Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 7: • Bunchin’ Around (Centrifugal Force)


Gravity!

MaterialsNametag (1 per student)Rope (1 per pair)PencilsSmall piece of paper (1 per pair)Painter’s tapeConstruction paper (black) (1 per student)Chalk (yellow, blue, white)Liquid starch or Hair sprayPaintbrushPoster paint (yellow, orange, blue, green, white, grey)Linseed oilPalettePaintbrushShallow pans (3)WaterPaper (white) (3 per student)Tracing circles (3 sizes)PencilsScissorsGlueMoon Box Planetarium

Stop Bunching Me!(Gravity's Effect on Tides)

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.6.1SC.K.8.1SC.K.8.2

SC.1.1.1SC.1.2.2SC.1.7.1

Gravity from the Moon and sun pull on Earth's water to create tides.

why are some tides stronger than

others?

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EngagePlay Tidal Pull with a partner.

Partner 1: Write “moon” on nametag.• Stick to your side of rope.

Partner 2: Write “sun” on nametag.• Stick to your side of rope.

Partner 1: Write “earth” on nametag.• Stick it to the middle of rope.

Face each other and hold rope firmly.• Partner 2: Lean back gently. Feel the force in your pull. Notice what happens to “earth” when you lean.

Invention CenterPierre Simon de Laplace discovered tides in the air! He used a barometer to measure changes in air pressure every day for eight years.

Did You Know?Earth’s core is mostly melted metal and liquid rock. Therefore, the sun and moon can cause land tides inside the Earth, too!

NOAA LinkFind a moon phase lesson plan.

www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream The Ocean >> Tides >> Battle of the Bulge

Think about it...What force causes tides?

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ExplorePlay Tidal Tic-Tac-Toe in teams of three.

Divide into teams of three.• Assign each team member to be sun, moon, or Earth. Assign two teams to each board.

Team 1: Choose a square.• Have one team member stand in your square.

Team 2: Choose square.• Have one team member stand in your square.

Repeat in turns.• Try to get all three players in a row on board while blocking other team.

Think about it...Are strong and weak tides the same as high and low tides?

Stop Bunching me!

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ExplainTides occur because of interactions between the earth, moon, and sun. Because the moon is closest, its effects on earth’s tides is greatest.

What force causes tides?Gravity! The moon’s gravity tries to pull earth to bring it closer. Earth has more gravity, so it can hold everything onto itself. Because liquids constantly move, the moon can tug on the ocean. This creates tides. Aunty says it’s like the earth, moon, and sun are playing tug-of-war.

Are strong and weak tides the same as high and low tides?No! When the sun and moon are in a line with the earth (full and new moon), there are very strong gravitational forces, causing very high high tides and very low low tides.

Career CornerEngineers who design bridges, docks, and other objects near the coast must know about changing tides and the effects they will have on their design.

Thinking questionProxigean tides occur when the moon is closest to earth and in its new or full moon phase. Do you think these will be signifi-cantly larger or smaller tides?

NOAA LinkThe National Buoy Center has a brief tide summary.

www.ndbc.noaa.gov science education >> What are tides?

solar tide

lunar tide

solar tide

lunar tide

Moon(Quarter Phase)

Moon(Full or new)

Neap Tides

Spring Tides

SUNEARTH

EARTHSUN


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ElaborateDo a Tidal Forces project individually.

Draw edge of sun peeking into drawing.• Draw with yellow chalk on left side of paper.

Draw Earth.• Draw with blue chalk in middle of right half.

Draw moons around Earth.• Draw small circles with white chalk above, below, and to each side of Earth. NOTE: Earth has only one moon. These circles represent its phases.

Fill in moons with their phase.• Fill in right moon completely. Leave left moon black. Fill in left half of top moon. Fill in right half of bottom moon.

Optional: Cover paper with liquid starch or hair spray to prevent smudges.• Use paintbrush. Gently brush liquid starch onto paper. Dry. Or spray paper with hair spray.

How it worksMoon phases! When do spring tides happen? At full and new moons, when the sun, moon, and Earth align. Their combined gravity creates stronger tides. Now think about when neap tides happen. What do you notice about their positions at the quarter moons? They do not align. The sun’s and moon’s gravity work against each other,

Think about it...What causes spring and neap tides?

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Stop Bunching me!



AssessSC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties,

materials of which they are made).SC.K.8.1 Report and describe weather changes from day to day and over

the seasons.SC.K.8.2 Identify different types of celestial objects seen in the day and

night sky.


SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.7.1 Describe how the motion of an object can be changed by force

(push or pull).

Scientists Say......syzygy (sizz-uh-jee), Greek for “yolked together,” describes three celestial bodies in a straight line.

on a related noteSyzygy is the shortest English word containing three y’s.

What's in a Word?The label spring tide does not come from the season. Instead, it comes from the verb which means to leap.

EvaluateWhy are some tides stronger than others?

Make earth, moon, and sun cutouts for your Moon Box Planetarium.

Mix the sun’s colors.• Put prepared yellow and orange paint in dish of water. Swirl gently.

Dye your sun.• Gently lay paper on surface of water. Lift paper away from water. Dry on flat surface.

Repeat for Earth.• Use prepared blue and green paints in new pan of water.

Repeat for moon.• Use prepared grey and white paints in new pan of water.

Trace a circle onto papers.• Make sun largest and moon smallest. Cut out.

Paste to Moon Box walls.• Paste as they would be at a full moon. Label with the tide that happens at full moon.

Look at a moon phase calendar and decide when the tides will be strongest this month.


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Ready?ElaborateCut three-inch circle templates.

Cut oval templates.Oval should be slightly taller than circle and much wider.

Make labels: centrifugal, gravity, North Pole (1 per student)

Set?Unit 4-Lesson 2-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Waves)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 5:• Stop Pulling Me! (Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: • Stop Bunching Me! (Gravity’s Effect on Tides)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 7: • Bunchin’ Around (Centrifugal Force)


why do tides form on the

opposite side of the earth from

the moon? centrifugal! force

MaterialsBucket with handleWaterSock (1 per pair)Orange (1 per pair)Construction paper (blue and yellow)ScissorsBrad (1 per student)LabelsTissue paper (blue)GlueMoon Box Planetarium

Bunchin' Around(Centrifugal Force)


SC.1.7.1

Centrifugal force causes high tide on the opposite side of Earth from the Moon.

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EngageObserve gravity and centrifugal force in small groups.

Fill a bucket halfway with water.•

Slightly tip bucket.• Do not let water fall out.

Now, hold handle of bucket of water and wind arm vertically.• Use same motion as winding up to throw a baseball.

Switch and repeat.•

what's in a word?Centrifugal comes from the Latin words centrum, which means center, and fugere, which means to flee.

did you know?The faster an object is spinning, the more you feel centrifual force?

Just for funGrab a friend’s hand and spin around in a circle. How fast can you go?

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Think about it...What happens to water in a bucket when you spin it over your head?


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ExplorePlay Tidal Tug in pairs.

Place orange in middle of sock.•

Partner 1: Gravity• Hold sock on one end of orange.

Partner 2: Centrifugal force• Hold sock on other end of orange.

Pull gently at the same time.• Observe the sock being pulled.

Think about it...How does centrifugal force cause two tides?

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Bunchin' Around



ExplainYou learned about the moon’s gravity and tides. But, if only gravity caused tides, we would only have one high tide each day. The second high tide comes from centrifugal force.

What happens to water in a bucket when you spin it over your head?Stays in the bucket! Centrifugal force pushes the water to the bottom of the bucket and overcomes gravity. This force pushes objects moving in a circle towards the outside of the circle.

How does centrifugal force cause two tides?Bunches water! You already learned gravity from the moon causes one bunch. Centrifugal force pulls water to the opposite side of Earth, away from the moon.

Interesting factOnly those inside the spinning system (i.e., on the merry-go-round) feel centrifugal force. Those outside the system actually see an inward-pulling force.

on a related noteSome call centrifugal force the false force because you only feel it from within the spinning system.

Scientists say......centripetal force for the inward-pulling force mentioned above.


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ElaborateCreate a Rotating Tides project individually.

Cut circle from blue construction paper.•

Cut oval from yellow construction paper.•

Center circle in oval.• Push brad through center to connect.Place “North pole” label near brad.

Place “centrifugal” label on one side of oval. •

Place “gravity” label on opposite side of oval. •

Rotate Earth.• Hold oval steady. Spin Earth.

How it worksCentrifugal force! Centrifugal force bunches water on one side of Earth. Earth’s rotation also spins Earth through the two tidal bunches caused by either centrafugal or gravitational force.

Bunchin' Around

Think about it...How does Earth’s rotation affects tides?

North Pole Gravity

Cent

rifug

al

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EvaluateWhy do tides form on the opposite side of Earth from the moon?

Add tides to your Moon Box Planetarium.

Tear pieces of blue tissue paper.• Bunch up into small balls.

Glue tissue paper to Earth model from Elaborate.• Place where the high tides should be. Hint: Notice the position of the moon.

Look at a globe. If it is high tide in Hawaii, where else in the world has high tide?

AssessSC.K.7.1 Identify that objects that will fall to the ground unless something is

holding them up.

SC.1.7.1 Describe how the motion of an object can be changed by force (push or pull).

Invention centerWashing machines use centrifugal force to wring water out of clothes. The clothes spin very facst causing them to press against the sides. Water moves out through small holes in the side of the machine.

What do You Think?What would happen to the tides if Earth stopped rotating?

noaa linkLearn how centrifugal force and the moon team up to create tides on Earth!

www.noaa.gov. Our restless tides >> Ch.3

Lesson 3 MOON - University of Hawaiiblog.hawaii.edu/hcri/files/2017/01/U4L3-Moon-Stars.pdf · 2017-01-11 · Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U4.L3.A1 * Reef Pulse - U4 L3 A1 Engage

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