-
C1: Metals and their usesIron and steelsLO: To be able to state
and explain why steels are produced and give examples of steel
Success criteria:State that iron oxide is reduced in a blast
furnace using carbon (grade B/C) List the properties of iron
produced from the blast furnace (Grade B)Explain why steels are
produced (Grade A)Give examples of difference types of steels and
how their properties differ (Grade A*)
Context: Iron and steelsIronSteelKey
words:PropertiesC/W*ImpuritiesBlast furnaceHOMEWORK:See the purple
sheet!Starter: List as many uses and the properties of iron
associated with it as you can think of
-
StarterIn pairs you have got three minutes to try and write down
as much as you can about Iron, using the Periodic table to
help.
-
Learning ObjectiveTo further our knowledge of metal
extraction*
-
Learning OutcomesAll: To be able to recognise how iron is
extracted.
Most: To be able to describe how iron is converted into
steel.
Some: To be able to evaluate the social, economic and
environmental impact of the decline in the steel industry.
AB/CA*
-
Earths ElementsRank the elements in order of
abundance.IronAluminiumOxygenSiliconCalcium
-
Self Assessment: Earths ElementsRank the elements in order of
abundance.46.6%5.0%3.6%8.1%27.7%
-
The Reactivity
Seriespotassiumsodiumcalciummagnesiumaluminiumzincironcoppergoldincreasing
reactivityMetals above carbon in the reactivity series must be
extracted using electrolysis. Metals less reactive than carbon can
be extracted from their ores by reduction using carbon, coke or
charcoal.Platinum, gold, silver and copper can occur native and do
not need to be extracted.leadsilver(carbon)(hydrogen)platinum
-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/formation-of-an-oxide/95.html
-
The Blast FurnaceThe common ores of iron are both iron oxides
(Fe2O3), and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with
carbon in the form of coke.
A blast furnace
-
The Heat SourceThe air blown into the bottom of the furnace is
heated using the hot waste gases from the top. The coke (impure
carbon) burns in the blast of hot air to form carbon dioxide.
This reaction is the main source of heat in the furnace.
-
Reduction of the OreAt the high temperature at the bottom of the
furnace, carbon dioxide reacts with carbon to produce carbon
monoxide.
The temperature of the furnace is hot enough to melt the iron
which trickles down to the bottom where it can be tapped off.
-
The Function of LimestoneIron ore isn't pure iron oxide - it
also contains an assortment of rocky material.
The limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to convert this into
slag which melts and runs to the bottom.
The heat of the furnace decomposes the limestone to give calcium
oxide.
-
Complete the sheet on iron impacts
-
Reactions in the Blast FurnacePeer Assessment
-
How did you do?I scored .......... and achieved a grade
[A/B/C/D].
-
Iron & SteelCast iron (pig iron) straight from the blast
furnace is very hard and brittle. It is used for engine blocks,
man-hole covers, cooking pans etc. It contains about 4% carbon
which makes it brittle
-
Iron & SteelSteels are alloys since they are mixtures of
iron with other metals or non-metals.Low carbon steelHigh carbon
steelStainless steel
-
Group Work: UK Steel industryRead through the materials on your
desks about the decline in the UK steel industry.
On your post it notes write 1 advantage (1 per post it note) and
1 disadvantage about the;EconomicSocialEnvironmental effects of the
decline in the UK steel industry.
-
UK Steel IndustryForAgainst
-
Learning OutcomesAll: To be able to recognise how iron is
extracted.Most: To be able to describe how iron is converted into
steel.Some: To be able to evaluate the social, economic and
environmental impact of the decline in the steel industry.
What grade are you working at?
ABA*C
-
Why are we learning about metals?
-
What are the properties of different metals? Do all metals
behave in the same way?
-
What are the general properties of most metals?solid at room
temperatureWhy do metals have these particular properties? Typical
properties of metalshigh melting pointgood conductors of
electricity and heatmalleable: they can be shapedductile: they can
be drawn into wiresstrongdense
-
How does reactivity affect
extraction?potassiumsodiumcalciummagnesiumaluminiumzincironcoppergoldincreasing
reactivityelectrolysis. reduction using carbon, coke or
charcoal.nativetinsilver(carbon)platinumlead
-
Iron from the blast furnace is not pure 96% iron 3% carbon 1%
other impurities
-
The diagram shows one way of modelling theatom arrangement in
pure iron
-
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with at least one other
element. The final alloy may have very different properties to the
original metal. By changing the amount of each element in an alloy,
material scientists can custom-make alloys to fit a given job.What
is an alloy?Steel is a common example of an alloy. It contains iron
mixed with carbon and other elements. Adding other elements to a
metal changes its structure and so changes its properties.
-
Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, including carbon,
nickel and chromium. Steel is stronger than pure iron and can be
used for everything from sauce pansto suspension bridges! What is
steel?
-
The atoms of other elements are different sizes. When other
elements are added to iron, their atoms distort the regular
structure of the iron atoms. The atoms in pure iron are arranged in
densely-packed layers. These layers can slide over each other. This
makes pure iron a very soft material. Why is steel stronger than
iron?It is more difficult for the layers of iron atoms in steel to
slide over each other and so this alloy is stronger than pure
iron.
-
You need to draw 2 models:Pure ironAn alloy
Your models need to demonstrate their properties.
Eg. The pure iron should be able to slide over each layer
-
Steel can contain up to 2% carbon. low carbon steel contains
less than 0.25% carbon high carbon steel contains more than 0.5%
carbon.Two other important types of steel are:What types of steel
are there? stainless steel an alloy of iron that contains at least
11% chromium and smaller amounts of nickel and carbon titanium
steel an alloy of iron and titanium.Varying the amount of carbon
gives steel different properties. For example, a higher carbon
content makes a hard steel. Different types of steel are classified
by how much carbon they contain.
-
Steel is a mixture.
All steels contain mostly carbon.
Stainless steels are expensive.
Stainless steels rust because they contain iron.
The chemical symbol for steel is St.
-
Steel is a mixture. [True]
All steels contain mostly carbon. [False]
Stainless steels are expensive. [True]
Stainless steels rust because they contain iron. [False]
The chemical symbol for steel is St. [False]
*****Boardworks GCSE Science: Chemistry Extracting Metals
*****Teacher notesThis image represents various properties of
metals, including:gold (Au): This metal is unreactive. This is
represented by having the band on stage, not mixing with the other
elements and not doing very much. lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper
(Cu): These metals are heavy metals and are dressed up as heavy
metal rockers. copper (Cu): This metal has been drawn into wires.
aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti): These metals are reactive. In
this scene, they are getting overexcited and knocking over a
table.iron (Fe): This metal has rust patches and is struggling to
lift the bar stools. steel (Fe wearing nerves of steel T shirts):
These metal alloys have carbon atoms on their shoulders to show
that they are alloys. The steel is shinier than the iron atom.
Steel is easily lifting the bar stools that iron was unable to lift
because it is stronger.
****Photo credit: 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation. ***