Lesson 2.ppt

7/24/2019 Lesson 2.ppt

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CTC-275 Construction

Methods

Intro & Earthwork


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Get SUNYIT emai account


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! Construction methods chan%e when* Materias chan%e

! +h" thatch roo#s'

! +h" tee(ees and on% houses'! ow im(ortant where nais to $uidin%

* E,ui(ment chan%es! orses to steam en%ines to toda"

! Erie Cana was du% with shoes and rock seds

! Steam en%ines were stationar" with $ets %oin%#rom (ue"s to the en%ine


5/40

ouse Construction

! +hat materias can $e used to $uid a houseand what e,ui(ment is re,uired* +ood * hammers) saws) dris) s,uares

! Can aso use en%ineered wood

! +hat has ha((ened to um$er in ast .// "ears'* Concrete * either cast in (ace) (recast) or shotcrete

! Can $e a$oe %round or $eow

* Stee*

Stone* 0rick*1do$e * on" need #orms* a"$aes


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ouse Construction

! +ooden houses can $e constructed usin%

three methods

* . 0aoon 3ramin%

* 2 4at#orm 3rame

* Moduar * assem$" ine


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6uestions

! +hat made sk"scra(ers (ossi$e'

! ow od is concrete and who #irst used it

! ow od are nais'


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Construction rder

! There is an order to a (ro8ects

* +hat actiities %et done #irst

* +hat actiities need to $e done in a s(eci#ic

order

* +hat actiities can $e done at an" (oint in

time


9/40

Construction rder

* 1$oe %round Swimmin% (oos

! 9emoe to(soi & ee area : ar%er that (oo

diameter

! 9ake soi to remoe rocks and roots! ;a"out $ottom track

!


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Construction rder

* Swimmin% (oos

! S(read sand inside (oo wa * rake & tam(

! 1ttach wa u(ri%hts

! 1ttach iner to = channe! Use acuum to suck iner to wa

! 4um$ sand #iter & (um( to%ether w> skimmer &

return ine

! 1ttach to( co(in%

! 1dd water

! Cut out skimmer and return


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Construction rder

! 0uidin%s?! Cear site

! 3oundation work

! 3ramin% & Sidin%

! 9oo#in%

! +indows and


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Construction rder

! 0uidin%s?! 3oundation sa$

! @1C

! Ceiin%s

! Eectrica * #inish

! 4um$in% * #inish

! 4aint>wa coerin%s

! 3oorin%

! ;andsca(in%

! 4aement


13/40

Construction rder

! ow #ar aon% do "ou need to $e $e#ore

startin% neAt actiit"'

! n a house * (ro$a$" one at a time

! n a . #oor $d% * (ro$a$" . actiit" at a

time $ut de(ends on siBe

! Sk"scra(er * . actiit" (er #oor


14/40

Construction rder

! i%hwa"s! Centerine sure"

! Cearin%

! 0rid%e work! Centerine sure"

! Earthwork to %et to $ottom o# su$$ase eeation

! Centerine sure"

! Su$$ase (acement

! Centerine sure"

! 0ase (acement


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Construction rder

! i%hwa"s! Centerine sure"

!


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Construction rder

! Moe #rom one end o# (ro8ect to the other

with each actiit"

! ae muti(e actiities ha((enin% at an"

time

! Sure"in% is a #u time actiit"


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Start at $e%innin%

! Earthwork

* Moin% rock or soi #rom one ocation to

another

* 4rocessin% it to meet ocation) eeation)

densit" moisture content) etc

* E##icient earthwork re,uires? accurate

estimatin% o# work ,uantities and conditions)(ro(er e,ui(ment) com(etent 8o$ man%ement


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E,ui( Seection

! 4ro(er e,ui(ment has ma8or im(act on

e##icienc" and (ro#ita$iit"

! Can e,ui(ment (er#orm re,uired work

! 1so ook at (ro#ita$iit") other uses #or

e,ui(ment) return on inestment)

aaia$iit" o# (arts and serices) e##ect o#

downtime on other construction e,ui(


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E,ui(ment (annin%

! Need to (an to e##ectie" use e,ui(ment

! 4roduction o# e,ui(ment

*4roduction @oume (er c"ce>c"ces (erhour

* C"ces (er hour is $ased on e##icienc" o#

e,ui(

! Swin% an%e and eeation to truck $ed! Soi hardness and Soi t"(e

! 9oom to manueer


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E,ui(ment (annin%

! Cost (er (roduction unit e,ui( cost (er

workin% hour>e,ui( (roduction (er hour

! Ta$e 2-. show e##iciencies


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Soi 1nd 9ock

! Genera Soi Characteristics! Tra##ica$iit" * a$iit" o# soi to su((ort wei%ht o#

ehices under re(eated tra##ic

* Contros tra##ic on unim(roed access roads*1so %ies measure o# how earthmoin% e,ui( wi

o(erate

* 4rimari" #unction o# moisture conditions and soi t"(e

! ;oada$iit" * how di##icut to eAcaate and hau a

soi

* Granuar * hi%h

* Com(act cohesie - ow


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Soi 1nd 9ock

! Unit Soi +ei%ht

* 4ounds >c"

*


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Soi 1nd 9ock

! Moisture ContentFD moist wt * dr"

wtD>dr" wt .//

! Soi sam(e .2/H

!


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Soi IJ * diameter

! Sand /7mm 2// sieeD * K diameter

! Sit ///2 * /7 mm

! Ca" ess than ///2mm

! r%anic Matter deca"in% or%anic matter

! Sois cassi#ied usin% these t"(es


25/40

Soi Cassi#ication S"stems

! Uni#ied S"stem

*1 materia ::L remoed

* Se(arates sois into two main %rou(s- 3ine %rained

and coarse %rained* Ta$e 2-2) 3i%ure 2-.

! 11ST S"stem

* 7 casses o# soi

* 0ased on suita$iit" o# soi #or su$%rade

* Ta$e 2-

* Ta$e 2-J


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Soi @oume Chan%e

Characteristics

! Soi Conditions

* 0ank * materia in natura state $e#ore

distur$ance * 0ank cu$ic "ard

* ;oose * materia that has $een eAcaated or

oaded oose cu$ic "ard

* Com(acted * materia a#ter com(action

com(acted cu$ic "ard


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Soi @oume Chan%e

Characteristics

! Swe

* Soi increases in oume when it is eAcaated

! Soi %rains are oosened and air #is oids

! So . unit o# soi in $ank is smaer than the soi

once it is eAcaated

! SweFD wei%ht>$ank oD>wei%ht>oose oD-

.D.//

! Soi wt 2//H>c" in $ank

! Soi wt 2///H>c" oose

! Swe 2//>2///D-.D.// J/F


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Soi @oume Chan%e

Characteristics

! Shrinka%e* Soi decreases in oume when it is

com(acted

! 1ir is #orced out o# soi! So . unit o# soi com(acted is smaer than the soi

in the $ank or once it is eAcaated

! Shrinka%eFD .-wei%ht>$ank oD>wei%ht>com(acted oDD.//

! Soi wt 2//H>c" in $ank

! Soi wt 5//H>c" com(acted

! Shrinka%e .-2//>5//DD.// 2/F


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Soi @oume Chan%e

Characteristics

! ;oad and Shrinka%e 3actors

* Need a common unit o# measure #or earthwork %et

rid o# cacuations D

* Can use an" o# the three measures! Caed (a" measure in contract

! ;oad #actor .>.LsweD

* ow man" 0CY can #it on a truck

* ;CY ;oad 3actor 0CY

! Shrinka%e #actor .- shrinka%e

! ow man" 0CY needed #or CCY

! 0CY Shrinka%e #actor CCY


30/40

Soi @oume Chan%e

Characteristics

! ow man" ./c" truck oads o# soi .///CCY '

! Swe /F

! Shrinka%e 25F

! 0CY CCY>.-shrinka%eD

! ;CY 0CY.LSweD

! ;CY CCY>.-shrinka%eD.LsweD

! ;CY .///>/75D./ .75 ;CY

! Truck oads ;CY>./ .7J truck oads


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S(oi 0anks

! Materia remoed #rom eAcaation* ;on%er than wide * s(oi $ank * trian%uar A

section

* Conica * s(oi (ie* To determine the siBe o# the $ank or (ie need

swe and an%e o# re(ose #or soi

*1n%e o# re(ose an%e that soi on side o#$ank natura" #orm

! @aries with moisture content and t"(e

! Ta$e 2-O


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S(oi 0anks

! S(oi $ank* @o sect area A en%th

* 0 J@>A tan 9DDP.2

* 0 A tan 9D>2* 0 * $ase width

* hei%ht

* ; en%th* 9 an%e o# re(ose

* @ oume


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S(oi 0anks

! S(oi (ie

* @o .> (D/2)^2

* < 7OJ@>tan 9DP.>

* 2 A tan 9

* < * diameter o# $ase

* hei%ht

* 9 an%e o# re(ose

* @ oume


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* ow on% woud a s(oi $ank #or J//// c" $e

i# it was .//: wide' 1n%e o# re(ose / de%

* ow hi%h can a s(oi (ie 5/: in diameter $e i#the an%e o# re(ose 5 de%'

! ow man" c" can it hod'


35/40

Estimatin% earthwork

! t"(es o# eAcaations

* Sma (it

* Trench

* ;ar%e areas

! 9oadwa"s

* 3ind cut and #i usin% cross sections

* Mass dia%ram


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! 4it EAcaations

*1rea aera%e de(th

*


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! Trench EAcaations

* @ A sectiona area en%th

* Take A sections eer" 5/ #eet and com(ute

oumes $etween A sections

! +hen estimatin% don:t #or%et the an%e o#

re(ose and S1


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! ;ar%e 1reas

* Use a %rid to #ind oume

* @ 1aera%e de(thD

* 3or a rectan%e

* @ ;A+Dh.Lh2LhLhJD>J.>27D c"


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Lesson 2.ppt

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