Lesson 2 Geography, Economics, Achievements

GEOGRAPHY

A mighty River

What makes the Nile River unique? What did the Egyptians use the Nile for? 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The narrow cliffs and boulders form wild rapids called?

What did this prevent?

• It is the longest river in the world

• Flooding was predictable and gentle, from June to October. (good for farming)

Cataracts

Large ships from navigating the river

Drinking water

Bathing

Farming (water crops)

Cooking

Food (Fish)

A Sheltered Land

What does the Nile Valley look like?

What is the area of fertile soil called in Lower Egypt?

Fertile soil near the river was called what?

What do the Egyptians call the desert and why?

A narrow, green valley

Delta

Black Land

“The Red Land” because of the burning heat

Satellite images of Nile Delta

Nile Valley

Sahara Desert

What were Egypt’s natural borders that helped keep out armies?

1. 2.

3.

Cataracts

Sahara Desert

Cataracts Delta Marshes

Sahara Desert

Economics

What did the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea allow the Egyptians to do?

Gave the Egyptians a way to trade with people outside of Egypt

Most Egyptians

were__FARMERS__.

They mainly produced

_Wheat_, __ Barley _,

and ___ Flax _.

Trade and transportation

Other than farming, how did the Nile provide for Egyptian economic needs?

What did the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea allow the Egyptians to do?

What did people within Egypt use the Nile for?

Most Egyptians were ___________. They mainly produced

________________________.

Trade and transportation

Gave the Egyptians a way to trade with people outside Egypt

farmers

wheat, barley, and flax

Economics

What kind of natural resources did Egypt have?

Egypt was rich with resources. They had gold, gems, stone, and copper

What did the Egyptians trade with?

Egypt traded with its many natural resources and surplus of food.

Egypt needed wood; the Nile River valley had very few trees good for building. They also wanted luxury goods from Mesopotamia.

What did Egypt trade for?

AchievementsWhat simple machine allowed Egyptians to improve their irrigation system?

The Shadoof (it is a lever)

Pyramids are huge stone TOMBS with four triangular sides that meet in a point on the top. Historians are unsure how they were built.

The size and shape of the pyramids showed the importance of pharaohs. They were the people’s link to the gods, so the Egyptians wanted their spirits to be happy.

Pyramids displayed high organization and amazing engineering skill.

Egyptian Science• Great advances in medicine

• Egyptians masters of human anatomy, as evidenced by making mummies.

• Doctors treated wounds, performed surgery• Prescribed regimens of basic hygiene to prevent illness

Egyptian Math• Very good at Geometry• Created base 10 system we use today

• Created 365 day calendar based on the sun

Egyptians used the papyrus plant that grew along the Nile to make paper-like sheets. Papyrus was light, strong, and a scribe could save large amounts of information on it.

The Egyptians were prolific writers who recorded events in great detail and composed beautiful songs and stories. However, before they could create even the simplest tale, they needed a system of writing.

• The main Egyptian writing system

• Used picture symbols• formal writing, stone monuments,

religious texts

• Difficult to learn, time consuming

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian Writing