Lesson 17: Weather and Climate

WEATHERAND

CLIMATE

NOTICEBefore we can fully understand

the difference between weather

and climate, and how they

change, it is important to know

where these changes occur and

how they happen.

TEMPERATURE

An important element of climate.

Degree of hotness and coldness

of the atmosphere.

Influenced by certain factors

such as altitude and latitude.

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COMPOSITION OF THE

ATMOSPHERE

78 % Nitrogen 21% Oxygen

1% combination of Hydrogen,

Carbon Dioxide, Argon and inert gases

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Layers of the

ATMOSPHERE

Ozone Layer - filters

the ultraviolet radiation

from the Sun entering

the Earth.

• Ionosphere - ionized by solar and cosmic radiation.

• Thermosphere - about 50 to 85 km above our planet

• Mesosphere – lies between thermosphere and stratosphere.

• Stratosphere – Ozone layers is found

• Troposphere – weather and climate occur

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Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and how air pressure changes with altitudes.

Figure 2: The atmosphere, its layers and how high they are.

Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and the objects able to flew on the certain layer.

WEATHER• The condition of the air or the

atmosphere in general, at a

particular moment or over a short

period of time.

• It is an experience from day to

day and may change any time.

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CLIMATE• The average condition of the

atmosphere in a given place or

region.

• Observed every year, and the

summary of the weather patterns of

a given region.

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ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER &

CLIMATE

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

ELEMENTS

• Temperature

• Precipitation

• Air Pressure

• Wind

CLIMATIC CONTROLS

• Altitude or Elevation

• Orographic or mountain barriers

• Pressure belts

• Ocean current

• Heating differences

• Typhoons and wind flows

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Latitude and TemperatureDue to the changing angles of the Sun’s

rays as they reach the surface of the Earth.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

1

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Altitude or ElevationAtmospheric temperature decreases as

elevation increases.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

2

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Orographic or

Mountain BarriersAffect the amount of rainfall a place will

receive depending on its position.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

3

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OROGRAPHIC OR

MOUNTAIN BARRIERS

Windward Side

• Where the wind blows

and undergoes cooling

and condensation. Leeward Side

• Where no rain fall.

Orographic Rainfall

• Where the rainfall will

fall.

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Pressure Beltsof the world control the flow of winds

and the amount of precipitation

received by a place.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

4

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Ocean Currentsis a large volume of ocean water that moves

as a unit and in a specific direction.

Cold or warm depending on

where it comes from.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

5

Ocean Currentsof the world help distribute heat all over the

Earth bringing warm temperature to cold

areas and cold temperatures to places that

are warm or hot.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

California Current

Benguela Current

Canary Current

Peruvian or Humboldt Current

WARM MAJOR CURRENTS

OF THE WORLD

Equatorial Currents

Japan Current or Kurushio

North Pacific Drift

North Atlantic Drift

Gulf Stream

Alaska Current

MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD

Land Breeze & Sea Breezephenomena illustrate how the heating

differences between land and water bodies

affect the development of pressure systems

and the movement of winds.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

6

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

LAND BREEZE

• Movement of the wind

from the land towards

the sea.

SEA BREEZE

• Movement of the wind

from the sea towards

the land.

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Typhooncomes from the Chinese word “tai-fung”, which

means “big wind”.A compact low pressure system that moves as a

unit and within which winds are spiraling with

great speed.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

7

TYPHOON BELT

Effects of Typhoon Ondoy in the Philippines

Windflowlike the Monsoon. The word monsoon comes from

the Arabic word “mausim”, which means SEASON.

Monsoon is the seasonal flow of winds between the

Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE

8

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MONSOON ASIAParticular in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.

HABAGATSouthwest Monsoon

- experienced from

November to February.

AMIHANNortheast Monsoon

- experienced during

June to September.

LATITUDINAL

ZONES

Low Latitudes

Middle Latitudes

High Latitudes

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The tropics are the areas

bounded by the Tropic of

Cancer (23 ½◦) in the North and

the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½◦)

in the south.

LOW LATITUDE CLIMATES

8

Are areas found between the Tropic

of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in

the Northern Hemisphere and thos

between the Tropic of Capricorn

and the Antarctic Circle.

MIDDLE LATITUDE CLIMATES

8

Are places located in the High

latitudes. These are areas north of

the Arctic Circle and south of the

Antarctic Circle.

HIGH LATITUDE CLIMATES

8

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