Lesson -13 Liquid Orals (Syrups and Elixirs) -Dr Mona Semalty Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174 Learning Outcome Different types of liquid orals Solutions and its types Solubility/ methods of enhancement and stability of solutions Syrups, components of syrups, methods of preparation and packaging Elixirs, components of elixirs/ methods of preparation and packaging Lesson Plan Introduction to liquid orals/ Classification of liquid orals /definitions Solutions /merits demerits/ Different types / Solubility (methods to enhance) Methods of preparation of solution/stability of solutions Syrups, components of syrups, method of preparations of syrups Elixir, components of elixir, method of preparation of elixirs Packaging and storage
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Lesson -13 Liquid Orals
(Syrups and Elixirs) -Dr Mona Semalty
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174
Learning Outcome
Different types of liquid orals
Solutions and its types
Solubility/ methods of enhancement and stability of solutions
Syrups, components of syrups, methods of preparation and packaging
Elixirs, components of elixirs/ methods of preparation and packaging
Lesson Plan
Introduction to liquid orals/ Classification of liquid orals /definitions
Solutions /merits demerits/ Different types /
Solubility (methods to enhance)
Methods of preparation of solution/stability of solutions
Syrups, components of syrups, method of preparations of syrups
Elixir, components of elixir, method of preparation of elixirs
Packaging and storage
Module 13 Liquid Orals I 2
MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal
University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India
Introduction to liquid orals
Liquid orals are the pharmaceutical dosage form in liquid form to be
administered orally either in the form of solution, suspension, emulsions,
elixir and many more.
Classification of Liquid Orals
Monophasic liquids
Solution Elixir
Syrup
Liquid drops etc.
Biphasic liquids
Suspensions
Emulsions
Introduction
Syrup
Module 13 Liquid Orals I 3
MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal
University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India
“In medical terminology, medicinal syrups are nearly saturated solutions of
85% of sugar in water in which medicinal substances or drugs are dissolved”.
Elixirs
“Elixir are clear, flavored Oral Liquids containing one or more active
ingredients dissolved in a vehicle that usually contains a high proportion of
sucrose or a suitable polyhydric alcohol or alcohols and may also contain
Ethanol (95 per cent) or a dilute Ethanol”.
Suspensions
“Suspensions are Liquids containing one or more active ingredients
suspended in a suitable vehicle. Suspended solids may slowly separate on
keeping but are easily redispersed”.
Emulsions
“Emulsions are Liquids containing one or more active ingredients and are
stabilized oil-in-water or water-in-oil dispersions, either or both phases of
which may contain dissolved solids”.
Classification of solutions based on for the purpose it is to be used
Oral
Syrups
Elixirs
Spirits
Linctuses
Drops
In mouth & throat
Module 13 Liquid Orals I 4
MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal
University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India
Mouth washes
Gargles
Throat paint
Throat sprays
On Body Surfaces
Collodions
Lotions
Liniments
In Body Cavities
Douches
Enemas
Ear drops,
Nasal sprays
Solutions
In pharmaceutical terms, solutions are “liquid preparations that contain one or
more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of
mutually miscible solvents”. It may be classified as oral, ophthalmic, or
topical and parenterals.
Advantages
• Easier to swallow
• Onset of action is quick
• Homogenous uniform dose
• Any route of administration
Module 13 Liquid Orals I 5
MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal
University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India
• Flexible dosing
• Diluted irritant action of some drugs (aspirin, Kl, KBr)
• Minimize adverse effects in the GIT
Disadvantages
• Bulky preparations
• Unpleasant taste or odors are difficult to mask.
• Accuracy in dose measurement needed
• Some drugs poorly soluble difficult to formulate
• Less stable than solid dosage forms.
Classification of Solutions
As per the type of Vehicle is used
(a) Aqueous solutions
(b) Non-aqueous solutions
Aqueous solutions are homogeneous preparations that are prepared by
dissolving a solid, liquid or gas in an aqueous medium (vehicle).
Aqueous vehicle
Water
Aromatic water
Extracts.
Module 13 Liquid Orals I 6
MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal
University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India
Non- Aqueous Solutions
Alcoholic/hydroalcoholic – Example solutions, elixirs and spirits,