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65 2/5/08 - 3:30 PM
LESSON 10
GRAMMAR 10
GROUP INFLECTION.
In series of two or more nouns or adjectives and nouns oblique case endings and plural endings are sometimes only added to the last word in the series. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as “group inflection.” 1. Noun + noun (sing./plur.)obl.: rəwān tambārī “in (?) soul (and) body” (for rəwānī) eyrabm† Nawr
xūr māxī təxēz “the setting of sun (and) moon” (for xūrī) zyyx† yyxam rwx
čən panǰ putīštī “from the five Buddhas” ytπytwp Cnp N⋲ Plural + numeral + numerative ənīt 4 δβəra “the other four doors” ar∫l /11! tyna Numeral + plural + plur. verb.: əѳrē kəpīšt umātənd “there were three fishes” dntamw tπypk /1!
δəwāts anδəmēt mōnō xand “the twelve limbs are these: ...” dnx wnwm tymlna /!0 Verbs. The present optative. The optative forms are the same for light and heavy stems. The endings are the following: Sing. Plur. 1 -ē <-y> *-ēmən <-ymn> 2 -ē <-y> -ēѳ <-yδ> 3 -ē <-y> -ēnd <-ynd>
LESSON 10
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Paradigms. Light stems Heavy stems Sing. 1-3 βərē <βry> wēnē <wyny> Plur. 1 βərēmən <βrymn> *wēnēmən <wynymn> 2 βərēѳ <βryδ> *wēnēѳ 3 βərēnd <βrynd> wēnēnd <wynynd> The suffixes -skun and -kām can be attached to the optative, as well: āsē-skun “she would take” Nwksyysaa
Nrkπa Na∫ryn wwq tas Nπytra yycnyrz aΩy∫ Nc raltaw NwΩaa Cnp Bmkπa yrla wwa yta ta∫
árti mēδ āγəδē xōž cānō əti əzu nūr čən ōsuγd-pāzən ѳəβār ѳəβərē-kām árti məs wānō āγəδē βāt əti əwu əѳrē əškamb panǰ āžōn wātδār čən βeža zərēnǰē árti-šən sāt kū nirβān əškəran “And he wished a wish thus: As I today from a pure heart shall wish to give a gift, thus shall my wish be, that I may deliver the living beings of the three worlds (and) the five (places of) birth from evil and (so) I shall lead them all to nirvana!” (VJ) 2. Exhortations: δəβdīk pətyāp pər kətēβərīk ark anduxsē yysxwdna kra kyr∫y†k rp Pay†p Qy†∫l
kəδuti pəčmāk wišpəšē kya əti-ši murtē əkuti čən γərδa ākuγdē əskəwē; árti-ši rāməndī βēk-sār pəšāy pəγəštē βōt “like a prince on whose neck a dead dog is hanging, and he is always about to throw it away” (M5030R4-9)
árti xōnē mərtəxmē kē əti mōnō wāf zəngān βəžīk əktyā əkti yāt; árti-ši une βəγīštī pērnəmsār xā əktča γandāk əktyā *nāktča “and that human being for whom so many kinds of evil deeds may have become (arisen), before the gods that bad deed done (will be) undone” (BBBe) TEXT 10.1
Notes: 10 pysty: pistē (pyəstē) “adorned,” perfect participle (see lesson 10) used as adjective. šyyr: This word occurs as both light stem šir “good” and heavy stem šīr “well, very.” 13 Note that Sogdian has no indirect speech. TEXT 10.3
1. Conjugate in the optative the verbs əspeš- and pətrāz-. 2. Translate into Sogdian (the students should not use group inflection): The house has three doors and five rooms. In every room there are ten angels who are sitting on ten golden thrones. Thus he made a wish: May I be delivered from all evil in the world and may I go to Paradise so that I may be there together with all the angels, powers, and gods.
LESSON 10
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GLOSSARY 10
’’γδy āγəδē: a wish ’’kwc- ’’kwγt ākōč- ākuγd: to hang, suspend ’’zyr- āzēr-: to harm ’’zyr- āzir-: to be harmed ’βtkyšp əβdkišp: the (world) of the Seven
Climes, the whole world ’βtmyk əβdəmīk: seventh, 7th ’ftmy əftəmi: first(ly), first of all ’kt’ny əktānē: sin ’nfr’sy anfrāsē: *quarrel, *litigation ’ny’k ənyāk: grandfather ’pstw- əpəstəw- + čə: to renounce ’rd’w’n m’t ardāwān māt: the Mother of the
Righteous (Pers.-Parth. word) ’spyš- ’spxšt əspeš- əspəxšt: to serve ’sp’s əspās: service ’škmb əškamb: world (~ loka, Buddh.) ’wsγt-p’zn ōsuγd-pāzən: pure heart ’xšn’m əxšnām: grace ’xwšnd əxušand: *pleased βγpšy βəγpəšē: son of gods βj’wk βəžāwk: misery βryywr βrēwər: 10,000 c’δrstr c- čāδəristər č-: further down from δsmyk δəsəmīk: tenth, 10th δyštwc δištōč: poverty frn farn: royal ‘glory’, majesty γrδ γərδ: neck fryrw’n frī-rəwān: soul-loving, the Hearer fsp fəsp: rug jyk žek fem.: damage kp kəp, plur. kəpīšt: fish kpyδ *kəpēδ: *shop, *stall, *room krmšwhn karmšōhən: absolution ktyβryk kətēβərīk: pertaining to the house
kwty kōtī: a koṭi (zillion) m’n mān: mind myj mež fem.: lens n’ktc nāktč < nā + əktč: undone, not done n’m nām: name nβyr- nβyr’t nəβēr-āt: to deliberate nšyδ- nəšēδ- (nīšēδ-): to set down nwmyk nōmīk: ninth, 9th nyrβ’n nirβān: nirvana (Buddh.) p’šy pāšē: guardian pcm’k pəčmāk: resembling pnd pand: close, relative prδβn pərδəβən: deceit, harm ptr’z- ptršt pətrāz- pətrəšt: to erect rtnyny rətnēnē: made of jewels (Skt. ratna) rymny rēmənē: soiled, dirty spyn’w’ spēnāwā: *depravity štyk štīk = əštīk šyrxwzy šīrxōzē: well-wisher, friend t’wndky’ tāwəndkyā: might, wealth twkyn *tōkēn: pond, lake w’f wāf: so many w’tδ’r wātδār: living being -wr -wər: there wrcwnkry určōnkərē: magical wtšn utəšən: old, former wyδp’t(y) wēδpāt(ī) < wēδ + pāt(ī): that time,
then wyšpšy wišpəšē (< wispəšē): prince xšyšpt (ə)xšēšpət: Lord of the Realm z’wr zāwər: power zβnd zəβand: *quarrel zng’n -zəngān: of ... kinds zyrnyny zernēnē: golden