Lesson 1: Wartime America. Selective Service and Training Act 1940-Peace time draft, first time in history Basic training resources were miniscule.

Chapter 12: America and WWIILesson 1: Wartime America

Building the AMERICAN Military Selective Service and Training Act 1940-Peace time draft, first time

in history

Basic training resources were miniscule due to the influx of 227,000 soldiers

Segregated Military- not all African Americans were supportive of joining Double V- Victory over Hitler and Victory over Racism in America African Americans in Combat positions Second generation Japanese Americans in combat Navajo Indians recruited for the Marines as “Code Talkers” Women enlisted into Women’s Army Axillary Corps Woman’s Army Corps

(WAC) Women enlisted into Air Force Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP)

Segregation didn’t end, but the integration made WWII missions successful

AMERICAN Wartime Economy Roosevelt believed that the Government + Business = War

Preparedness

Two Ocean Navy- Expand the Navy to fight a Pacific war with Japan and an Atlantic war with Germany and Italy

National Defense Advisory Committee-incentives to produce war-supporting things

Cost-Plus-government contract to pay a manufacturer the cost to produce the product PLUS a profit

Vehicle manufacturing industry is replaced by Arms Industry Tanks replace cars Ship yards use mass production

War Production Board (WPB)- prioritizes production goals

Life on the Home Front PROS of War- mobilizing the economy with business and

income

CONS of War- taxes go up, displacement of Americans increases prejudices, race riots and juvenile delinquency

WOMEN and AFRICAN AMERICANS- recruited for the Military in non-combat roles Executive Order 8802- No discrimination in the Military Enforced fair employment practices

Racism among other minorities leads to violence Mexican American Teens vs. White Teens in Los Angeles “zoot suit

riots” Japanese, German and Italian Americans are Relocated to

internment camps Nationality taken away, travel restricted, personal affects confiscated

An AMERICANNation on The Move Rationing meat, sugar, fats, oils, processed foods,

coffee, shoes, gasoline Rationing Stamps

Victory gardens

Higher Taxes

War Bonds

Hollywood makes films to support the US and demonize the Japanese and Nazis

Chapter 12: America and WWIILesson 2: The War in the Pacific

Lesson 4: The War Ends

1. December 7, 1941 Japan takes hold of the Philippines and bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

2. March 1942 American airfields in the Philippines are overrun with Japanese

3. March 1942 General MacArthur retreats with his Army to Australia to restore resources

4. April 9, 1942 Bataan Death March

5. April 18 1942 Col James Doolittle bombs Tokyo Japan

6. Battle of the Coral Sea kept American supply lines open to Australia

7. American Code breakers intercept Japanese Mission

7. June 4, 1942 the Battle of Midway- the TURNING POINT of the war

• Navajo Code Talkers give secret missions to the Marines to ambush the Japanese ambush

8. 1942-1945 Island Hopping Mission

1943-Navy Admiral Nimitz from Hawaii hopping westward to clear islands to Philippines1944-General MacArthur hops northward from Australia to clear islands to Philippines

8. October 1944- The Battle of Leyte Gulf- largest Naval Battle in History

Kamikaze attacksPhilippines not recovered until August1945

9.The Battle of Iwo Jima

• Feb 19, 1945

• 60,000 Marines amphibious landing

• Sunk into the volcanic ash/sand while wading to shore and were targets of Japanese fire

• Japanese bunkers were fortresses

• Americans responded with Flame throwers and explosives

• Firebombing Japan begins, directed by General Curtis LemMay

NOTE THIS:

THE WAR IN EUROPE ENDS MAY 8, 1945Soldiers from EUROPE are shipped to the Pacific to finish the fight against JAPAN

10.The Invasion of Okinawa

and Surrender of Japan

• April 1945

• 350 miles from Japan

• Instead of defending the beaches the Japanese were dug into the mountains

• American troops needed Okinawa as a base for the invasion of Japan

• June 22, 1945 Okinawa was finally captured.

• Japan would not surrender to the United States unless Tojo could remain the leader of Japan

• Americans didn’t think the war would end unless Tojo surrendered

11. The Manhattan Project

“Little Boy” dropped at Hiroshima

“Fat Man” dropped at Nagasaki

11. The Manhattan Project After a debate about humane treatment, nuclear war and morals, Americans who had been working with nuclear physicists decided to use the new atomic bomb

August 6, 1945 Americans dropped the atomic bomb, “Little Boy” on Hiroshima

August 9, 1945 Americans dropped the atomic bomb, “Fat Man” on Nagasaki

August 15, 1945 V-J-Day – Japan surrendered and the war was over

Chapter 12: America and WWIILesson 3 The War in Europe

Lesson 4: The War Ends

1. July 1942 The Battle for North Africa

Morocco and Algeria are French Territory Indirectly under German RuleOffer Experience for new American TroopsSupport British TroopsGeneral Patton in command

2. August 1942 The Battle of the Atlantic

German warships entered American CoastlinesTargeting American Cargo ShipsConvoy system using Navy warships to retaliateRadar, sonar, depth change technology

Europe

America

3. September 1942 The Battle of Stalingrad

• Hitler Ordered Nazis to capture strategic oil fields, factories, farmland and RxR to cut resources

• Germans were not used to the freezing temperatures retreated Feb 1943

4. 1943-1945 Strategic Bombing

4. July 1943 Allies Invade Italy

• Italy Surrenders

4. 1944 USSR joins the Allies

5.June 6, 1944 D-Day Invasion at Normandy

Allied Invasion over German ruled France

Operation OverlordLargest amphibious battle in historyWeather had to be perfect to get ships and soldiers in the correct place

General Omar Bradley

Utah beach had a weak defense and Americans took controlOmaha beach had a 50 ft high bluff that the Germans had dug into (trench-like, strong defense)

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6.The Battle of the Bulge

• December 16, 1944

• Last German Offensive

• Antwerp, Belgium

• Germans ambushed Allies

• Americans, lead by General Patton rescued the Allied soldiers in the defensive position with help from Allied bombing

7. The War Ends in Europe

March 7, 1945

Soviets drove Nazis out of Russia through Poland almost to Berlin

Soviets fought from the Western Border into Germany

Americans fought from the Eastern Border into Germany

Adolph Hitler committed suicide April 30, 1945

Germany surrendered May 8, 1945

REMBER:

THE WAR WITH JAPAN DID NOT END AT THE SAME TIME AS THE WAR IN EUROPE

THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC ENDS August 15, 1945