Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study_Ganna Samoylenko

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study

2015

RESEARCH STUDY GANNA SAMOYLENKO

FOR BIG LAKES COUNTY EDMONTON, AB

Lesser Slave Lake

Sustainable Development Study


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Table of Contents

TABLE OF FIGURES .................................. ............................................................................................V

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ VI

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1

II. HISTORICAL TRENDS ................................. .................................................................................. 3

POPULATION ......................................................................................................................................... 3

EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR ........................................................................................................................ 6

INCOME ................................................................................................................................................ 8

CREATIVE CLASS & TYPE OF INDUSTRIES IN THE REGION ......................................................................... 11

VISITORS, EXPENDITURE AND POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR RURAL VACATION ................................................. 16

TOURISM FACILITIES, ATTRACTIONS & THEIR CAPACITIES, LEVEL OF OCCUPANCY ...................................... 18

TOURISM ANALYSIS OF OTHER RURAL AREAS ......................................................................................... 25

Sylvan Lake, Alberta ...................................................................................................................... 25

Prince Edward County, Ontario ...................................................................................................... 27

Lakeland, Finland .......................................................................................................................... 28

III. LAKE MANAGEMENT ................................... ........................................................................... 30

INTEGRATED LACUSTRINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ILMS) ........................................................................ 30

RULES AND REGULATIONS AROUND THE LESSER SLAVE LAKE .................................................................. 32

ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES ...................................................................................................... 37

INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE AND RAILWAY ................................................................................................. 39

IV. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................... 40

LAKE CAPACITY FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA ............................................. 40

Tourism and Recreation ................................................................................................................. 41

Private and Residential Development ............................................................................................. 45

CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY ................................................................................................................. 46

ANALYSIS OF THE LESSER SLAVE LAKE MANAGEMENT FOR RECREATION AND TOURISM .............................. 47

MARKETING ......................................................................................................................................... 50

V. ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDATY DATA ............ ........................................................ 52

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................ 52

Development Strategies ................................................................................................................. 52

Development focus ........................................................................................................................ 54

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH ................................................................................................................ 56


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ECONOMIC GROWTH ............................................................................................................................ 57

Economic Variables ....................................................................................................................... 57

Diversification of Local Economy .................................................................................................... 58

COLLABORATION .................................................................................................................................. 59

LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 62

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 63

PRIORITY 1. COLLABORATION ................................................................................................................ 63

PRIORITY 2. REGIONAL LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................... 64

PRIORITY 3. SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURS, BUSINESSES AND INVESTORS ............................................... 66

PRIORITY 4. MARKETING ....................................................................................................................... 66

PRIORITY 5. DIVERSIFICATION OF LOCAL ECONOMY ................................................................................. 67

PRIORITY 6. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM STRATEGIES FOR THE LSL REGION .................................................... 69

THREE STAGES OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE LSL REGION: ........................................................ 71

APPENDIX 1. ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES ......... ............................................................... 74

ALBERTA LAND STEWARDSHIP CENTRE (ALSC)...................................................................................... 74

ALBERTA LAKE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY (ALMS) ..................................................................................... 75

ASSOCIATION OF SUMMER VILLAGES OF ALBERTA (ASVA)....................................................................... 76

COMMUNITY FUTURES LESSER SLAVE LAKE (CFLSL) ............................................................................. 78

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA, GOVERNMENT OF CANADA (DFO) ............................... 78

DUCKS UNLIMITED (DUC) ..................................................................................................................... 79

LESSER SLAVE FOREST EDUCATION SOCIETY (LSFES) ........................................................................... 79

LESSER SLAVE LAKE ECONOMIC ALLIANCE (LSLEA) ............................................................................... 80

LESSER SLAVE LAKE INDIAN REGIONAL COUNCIL (LSLIRC) – FIRST NATIONS ........................................... 81

LESSER SLAVE LAKE REGIONAL TOURISM (LSLRT) ................................................................................ 81

LESSER SLAVE WATERSHED COUNCIL (LSWC) ...................................................................................... 82

MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM, ALBERTA ..................................................................................... 83

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, ALBERTA (ESRD) .................... 83

MUNICIPALITIES (THE TOWN OF HIGH PRAIRIE, BLC, THE TOWN OF SLAVE LAKE, THE MD OF LSR) ............ 84

NATURE ALBERTA ................................................................................................................................ 85

PRIVATE LAND DEVELOPERS (SUB-DIVISIONS) ........................................................................................ 85

SMOKY APPLIED RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION ASSOCIATION (SARDA) .............................................. 86

REGIONAL FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE, WHITECOURT (RFAC) ........................................................... 87

APPENDIX 2. INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ............... ....................................................................... 90

APPENDIX 3. PRIMARY RESEARCH FINDINGS ............. .................................................................... 93

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................ 93


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...................................................................................................................... 96

ECONOMIC GROWTH ............................................................................................................................ 99

COLLABORATION ................................................................................................................................ 101

Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance (LSLEA) ............................................................................ 101

Lesser Slave Watershed Council (LSWC) .................................................................................... 102

Co-operative Effort ....................................................................................................................... 102

Governing jurisdiction(s) .............................................................................................................. 103

OTHER COMMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 104

APPENDIX 4. LIST OF INTERVIEW’S PARTICIPANTS ...... ............................................................... 107

APPENDIX 5. ABBREVIATIONS ......................... ............................................................................... 110


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Table of Figures

FIGURE 1: POPULATION GROWTH (2001-2011) ............................................................................. 4

FIGURE 2: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (2013 -2041) FOR CENSUS DIVISIONS ....................... 5

FIGURE 3: EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (PERCENTAGE) ............................................. 7

FIGURE 4: MEDIAN TOTAL INCOME ................................................................................................ 8

FIGURE 5: INCOME RATE, 2010 – HIGH PRAIRIE VIA SLAVE LAKE .................................................... 9

FIGURE 6: INCOME RATE, 2010 – BIG LAKES COUNTY VIA THE MD OF LESSER SLAVE RIVER ..........10

FIGURE 7: THE NORTHERN LAKES COLLEGE CAMPUSES MAP .......................................................12

FIGURE 8: INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATION, 2011 ................................................................................13

FIGURE 9: EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY, 2011 ...............................................................................14

FIGURE 10. SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SYLVAN LAKE TOURISM .................25

FIGURE 11. PRIORITY ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM IN SYLVAN LAKE ........................26

FIGURE 12. A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE WELLBEING DESTINATION .................................................28

FIGURE 13: LESSER SLAVE LAKE INTEGRATED LACUSTRINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .......................31

FIGURE 14. LAND USE DISPOSITIONS AROUND LESSER SLAVE LAKE ..............................................33

FIGURE 15. LEGISLATION AFFECTING WATER BODIES IN ALBERTA .................................................35

FIGURE 16: ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNING BODIES .................................................................38

FIGURE 17: LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN .........................................................................................53

FIGURE 18: DEVELOPMENT FOCUS ..............................................................................................55

FIGURE 19: ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH .....................................................................................56

FIGURE 20: COLLABORATION PYRAMID ........................................................................................61

FIGURE 21: UPPER ATHABASCA REGION: COUNTIES AND MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS ............................88


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Executive Summary

This study identified, evaluated and proposed solutions to the challenges that currently exist in

the Lesser Slave Lake (LSL) region with regards to Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable

Development. This study was using a broader approach to see and evaluate major variables for

the lake sustainability and local community development.

Section II. HISTORICAL TRENDS on p. 3 underlined the following:

• Population growth in the region cannot be considered an economic variable with

only an average of 0.038% annual growth (p. 3) which rises the need to attract

newcomers to the region

• Income is growing steadily (p. 8), however, the margin for improvement lays in trying

to boost the income of more than 57% (average) of people earning less than $40,000 a

year

• The Town of Slave Lake and the Municipal District (MD) of Lesser Slave River (LSR)

have slightly better diversification of their economy compared to the Town of High

Prairie and Big Lakes County (BLC) (p. 11)

Tourism is one of the tools that can be used by rural communities to counteract the decline in

economic activity experienced in more traditional industries. Considering that northern and

central Alberta are frequently visited for lakeside camping , people are keen on small

communities; images associated with farming, water bodies and lakes; camping and

slower pace of life (p. 16). However, after the analysis of the LSL Tourism (p. 18) the following

points were emphasized:

• Need for a single, consolidated source of information (very limited information is

available regarding the LSL tourism facilities, attractions, events etc.)

• Essential information gathering and analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure

and interest are needed

• Need for a development of the public beach (es) on the west side of the lake

• More options with regards to Cabins, Hotels, B&Bs with the possibility to develop to

target visitors and travellers that prefer more “luxury” accommodation and facilities

rather than camping


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• Guided water sport activities on the lake and more options for rental and diversity of

water recreation

• Possibility of Golf course development on the north or west side away from the lake

within an hour or so travel distance

• Better marketing , printed and online materials for the local events, museums and

cultural retreats

• Attracting seasonal or permanent businesses to provide good quality catering options,

especially during the peak summer season

Analysis of three other lake destinations presented valuable evidence of the importance of the

future tourism strategies (p. 25). Most of the key issues and opportunities identified in the

Town of Sylvan Lake Tourism Strategy can be adopted and are applicable to the future LSL

Tourism strategy (p. 25). Contemporary Strategy that is used in Prince Edward County, Ontario

can become one of the new competitive strategies for the LSL region (p. 27). The model of

sustainable wellbeing destination is applicable to the LSL region sustainable tourism

(destination) development (p. 28).

Section III. LAKE MANAGEMENT on p. 30 stressed the following concepts:

• The LSL is one of the biggest assets for the region and require a long term lake

management plan and demands the development of integrated approaches (p. 30)

• Importance of the collaborative approach that has three interpretations: (1) the

systematic management of the various dimensions of the lake water – ground water,

surface water, quantity and quality; (2) the management of the lake and its interactions

with other systems – land and the environment; and (3) the management of the lake and

its interactions with the social and economic environment – a sustainability approach (p.

31)

• Rules and regulation are closely correlate together and intertwine (p. 32)

• Very strong environmental oriented presence, a need for a better focus on economic

concepts of the communities’ growth and ability to promote and market the

resources available in the region (p. 38)

• Upstream agricultural and industrial practices can have an enormous impact on lake

quality, often far greater than that of the immediate lake users (p. 39)


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Section IV. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES on p. 40 highlights that recreation facilities are

somewhat limited in the area and propose a broader approach. The lack of public access to the

lake confirms the need for public beach development (few options proposed on p. 41). Private

and residential development opportunities that are available in Grouard have a great potential,

especially after the new hospital in High Prairie opens.

On the other hand, one of the strategies that can be adopted for the LSL region to strengthen its

local economy is a Contemporary strategy (p. 46). Its steps are:

• Place-Based Development which focuses on distinct location characteristics such as

cultural heritage, natural resources and the lake by marketing the destination(s) (ex.

images of peaceful country-side, wilderness experience)

• Economic Gardening which promotes entrepreneurship and new ventures that help

foster continuous and self-sustaining economic activity

• Cultivating Creativity and Talent that concentrates on the presence of arts and culture

that the rural community can benefit from (ex. providing cultural retreats, training in

crafts, designs, drawing etc.)

Analysis of the LSL Management for Recreation and Tourism (p 47) stresses the need of the

following management practises:

• phasing tourism use in time (clear understanding of when and to what extend the lake

is used by visitors and local communities)

• zoning lake use in space (designating specific areas for the recreation and tourism

activities and leaving other areas to their natural state)

• stakeholder conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial

government, First Nations, municipalities and communities)

• lake user conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial

government, First Nations, municipalities, communities and visitors)

• codes of conduct for lake users

• community based planning and management

• and planning regulations (include setback regulations that determine the distance from

the lakeshore to recreation/tourism development)


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After detailed analysis the following recommendations were underlined:

Priority 1. Collaboration (p. 63) that is achieved through creating of Inter-Municipal Planning

Commission (IMPC) with Collaboration Pyramid Structure (p. 61)

Priority 2. Regional Lake Management Plan that has the following components: Development

Strategies (p. 53), Development Focus (p. 55) and Environmental Approach (p. 56) and its

vision incorporate Seven Principals detailed by World Lake Vision (p. 32)

Priority 3. Supporting Entrepreneurs, Businesses and Investors (p. 66)

Priority 4 . Marketing and promoting the region on provincial, federal and international level (p.

50 & 66)

Priority 5. Diversification of Local Economy that can be achieve through correlation of

difference industries (ex. Agritourism, Tourism, Heritage Trails) (p. 58 & 67)

Priority 6. Sustainable Tourism Strategies for the LSL region that embrace tourism

management practise (p. 47) and integrate a road map provided by model of Sustainable

Wellbeing Destination (p. 28)

The following THREE STAGES are identified for the Strategic Development of the LSL Region:

STAGE 1. Establishment of Inter-Municipal Planning Commission (IMPC) with Collaboration

Approach

STAGE 2. Development of the Regional Lesser Slave Lake Management Plan; and Sustainable

Tourism Development Strategies for the region

STAGE 3. Creation of different programs and support for the local businesses and

entrepreneurs; marketing initiatives; and advocating and promoting diversification


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I. INTRODUCTION

Numerous studies were undertaken around Lesser Slave Lake (LSL), being one of the largest

Alberta water bodies which still plays an important role in surrounding communities like it did in

the past with fur trade back in nineteen century1. The Lake is located about 300 km northwest of

Edmonton, Alberta and largely situated in Big Lakes County (BLC). The Municipal District (MD)

of Lesser Slave River No 124 (LSR) and the Town of Slave Lake have access to the lake’s east

shore. The lake is a home for several Hamlets like Joussard, Faust and Kinuso south of the

Lake and Grouard on the northwest in BLC. However, it should be noted that BLC’s lakeshore

access is limited (only 31% of lakeshore that is located in BLC has direct lake access where 7%

of it located on the north shore and not accessible by car and another 3.5% are only accessible

through First Nation reserve, leaving only about 20% of the direct accessible lakeshore to the

public). Furthermore, there are other communities including Swan River, Drift Pile River, Sucker

Creek and Kapawe’no First Nations in addition to Hilliard’s Bay and Lesser Slave Lake

Provincial Park plus some private developments that have direct lake access. This

diversification makes it complicated to manage and develop the lake in a sustainable, planned

manner so it is acceptable by all parties.

Although, this study focuses mainly on the immediate areas around the lake, it should be noted

that Big Lakes County currently receives the major portion of its revenue from Oil and Gas, and

Forestry which certainly need the County’s attention and support. However, with anticipated

changes to the government policy it is worth pursuing other opportunities such as Tourism,

Culture and value added Agriculture.

This study will look at the challenges that

currently exist in the region with regards to

Lesser Slave Lake Development. The aim is

to identify, evaluate and propose

solutions for the lake sustainable

tourism development and/or other

opportunities that will be a benefit to BLC

1 Atlas of Alberta Lakes, Online source

Joussard


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economic growth and will limit environmental impact on the lake and its surrounding areas. The

objectives of this study are to (1) provide historical trends and major influences of Lesser

Slave Lake Development, their economics and how they relate to BLC’s future growth, (2)

undertake an independent study on current Lesser Sl ave Lake Development initiatives ,

vision and barriers highlighting tourism and/or other opportunities and their negative and

positive impacts, (3) evaluate the lake capacity for the further development by providing

recommendations and framework for the lake future development.

This report will firstly evaluate the historical trends based on the statistical and historical data of

the region. Secondly, the study will focus on the current lake management, rules and

regulations, organisations and industries that have direct or indirect impact on the lake and its

lakeshore. Thirdly, we will look into the future opportunities available in the region based on

secondary data discussed previously. Fourthly, the study will provide a full analysis of the

primary and secondary findings. The final section will conclude this study by providing

recommendations, stressing the priorities and stages to be taken for successful sustainable

future development of the LSL and its region.


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II. HISTORICAL TRENDS

In order to have a better representation and closer comprehension of the region, it was decided

to evaluate BLC versus the MD of LSR and the Town of High Prairie versus the Town of Slave

Lake. The decision was based on the location of municipalities that are neighbours and their

proximity to the lake. Analysis was based on the latest data available when this research was

undertaken and stands for year 2001, 2006 and 20112 unless otherwise specified.

Population

The below graph shows the population variation in the region for High Prairie, Slave Lake, BLC

and the MD of LSR3. Population in High Prairie in 2011 declined by 8.3% compared to 2001. On

the contrary, population in Slave Lake increased by 2.8%. Furthermore, the population in Slave

Lake is 2.7 times higher than in High Prairie. If we take into account the land area of High

Prairie, which is 7.92 km2, with population density of 328.2 per km2 compared to Slave Lake’s

14.18 km2 and 478.4 per km2 respectively, it is clear that High Prairie has the potential to grow

and is not as land locked as Slave Lake4.

The cause of population decline in High Prairie may be explained by people relocating from the

Town into the County. However, it also highlights the fact that few newcomers come to settle in

the Town of High Prairie compared to the Town of Slave Lake at the moment.

2 Note. First Nations data were not included in this analysis 3 Statistics Canada, Census of Canada 2001, 2006 & 2011 4Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities),

2011 and 2006 censuses


If we look at BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in

2001 to 2011. It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in

population compared to 2001

2.06 times bigger than in the

farms existing in BLC compared to its neighbour MD.

population density of 13, 928.13

respectively5. Both regions are gra

development due to their gradual population growth without

boom.

5 Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and 2011 and 2006 censuses

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

High Prairie

2001 2737

2006 2750

2011 2510

POPULATION


Figure 1: Population Growth (2001

BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in

It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in

population compared to 2001 - 0.68% in BLC and 0.18% in the MD of LSR

the MD of LSR. This can be explained by the number

farms existing in BLC compared to its neighbour MD. The land area of BLC is 2,143 km

13, 928.13 per km2 compared to 1,111 km2 and 10,075.88

Both regions are gradually growing and can support the region

development due to their gradual population growth without the future

Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities),

Slave Lake Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River,

6600 5845

6703 5805

6782 6040


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: Population Growth (2001-2011)

BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in the MD of LSR from

It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in

LSR. Population in BLC is

number of hamlets and

The land area of BLC is 2,143 km2 with

and 10,075.88 per km2

support the region’s sustainable

future predicted population

census subdivisions (municipalities),

Lesser Slave River,

MD

2825

2820

2929


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Even though some areas experience population growth (excluding High Prairie), it was

negligible and cannot be considered an economic variable with an average of 0.038%

annual population growth for all four municipalities. Nevertheless, average annual growth for the

region is estimated to be 0.50 – 0.99% annually by the Alberta Treasury Board and Finance that

was based on the projection from 2013 until 20416 (figure 2 below). The primary growth drive is

expected to be migration, particularly international migration, followed by an expectation of

families having more children and living longer.

Municipalities need to consider the

advantages and disadvantages of

attracting newcomers to their regions

in order to strengthen their economy in

the future. This study will discuss this in

more details in Section IV. Future

Opportunities, Contemporary Strategy (p

40) later in this report.

Figure 2: Average Annual Growth Rate (2013 -2041) for Census Divisions

6 Alberta Treasury Board and Finance, Alberta Population Projections, by Census Division


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Employment & Labour

It is important to understand the

unemployment rate fluctuations in four

municipalities selected for this analysis

(figure 3 on page 7 below). In High Prairie

unemployment rate increased from 5.5% in

2001 to 10.3% in 2011 compared to Slave

Lake where unemployment decreased from

6.9% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2011.

The BLC unemployment rate decreased from 11.5% in 2001 to 7.3% in 2011 compared to the

MD of LSR decrease from 7.5% to 7.4% respectively. It is important to note that both Slave

Lake and the MD of LSR reduced their unemployment rate in 2006 to 3.9% and 1.6%

respectively. This shows an economic growth in those regions around 2006 compared to High

Prairie, the only municipality that showed an increase in an unemployment rate. It may provide

partial explanation for the population decrease at the same time period. People started

relocating outside the Town whether for education, training or job related reasons.

Joussard



Figure 3: Employment and Unemployment R

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: Employment and Unemployment Rate (percentage)


Income

Looking at the median total income for all four regions

in household income in all four regions.

income, improved by 28.43% in ten (10) years period compared to

where the average total income climbed by 31.46%. On the other han

average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC.

positive environment for local population as well as future residents. This indicates that the

regions are improving their economic

median income over the years.

27780

24706

18990

16732

2000

Slave Lake (Town)


ncome for all four regions (below), there is a clear

in all four regions. The Town of Slave Lake, having the highest average

income, improved by 28.43% in ten (10) years period compared to the

where the average total income climbed by 31.46%. On the other hand,

average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC.


improving their economic stability by being able to increase their

median income over the years.

Figure 4

31938

35679

26240

32480

25440

21675

2005 2010

High Prairie (Town) Lesser Slave River, MD Big Lakes County


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there is a clear gradual increase

Town of Slave Lake, having the highest average

the Town of High Prairie

d, the MD of LSR total

average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC. This shows a


g able to increase their residents’

4: Median Total Income

32480

34341

27806

2010

Big Lakes County


The next two graphs represent

Prairie to Slave Lake and BLC to

High Prairie peaked at 11.9% (

Lake at 11.7% and 9.8% respectively.

both in High Prairie and Slave Lake are earning

respectively). Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between

$40,000 and $100,000, leaving only 16.4% in High Prairie and 16

higher than $100,000. This shows that both towns

provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase

incomes in the future. By having

zone will provide a stronger ground for economic stability

4.1%

10.9%

8.0%

5.1%5.3%7.9%

6.3%

4.5%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%


ext two graphs represent the income by percentage in all four regions comparing High

Prairie to Slave Lake and BLC to the MD of LSR in year 2010.

at 11.9% ($30,000 - $39,999 and $60,000 - $79,999

11.7% and 9.8% respectively. It is important to note that more than 50% of population

both in High Prairie and Slave Lake are earning less than $40,000 a year

Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between

eaving only 16.4% in High Prairie and 16.5% in Slave Lake with income

This shows that both towns need to evaluate more closely those jobs that

provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase

. By having more than 50% of employed population in $40,000

zone will provide a stronger ground for economic stability and growth in both municipalities.

Figure 5: Income Rate, 2010 – High Prairie via Slave Lake

5.1%5.6%

10.2%

11.9%

4.9%3.6%

11.9%

7.3%

4.5%

6.4%

9.0%

11.7%

8.0%

6.3%

9.8% 8.4%

High Prairie Slave Lake


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income by percentage in all four regions comparing High

79,999) compared to Slave

more than 50% of population

$40,000 a year (55.8% and 51.1%

Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between

5% in Slave Lake with income

need to evaluate more closely those jobs that

provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase those households’

50% of employed population in $40,000 - $100,000

in both municipalities.

High Prairie via Slave Lake

8.3%

7.5%

0.7%

8.2%

4.2%4.0%


Using the same analysis, BLC peaked at only $20,000

$39,999 by 11.5% compared to

$39,999 and 13.4% at $60,000

LSR, respectively, were earning less than $40,000 a year.

$40,000 and $99,999 and only 10% and 11.7% we

high percentage of the lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands

in the region when farmers’ income is quite often

Figure 6: Income Rate, 2010

Taking into account all four regions,

income of more than 57% (average) of peop

3.8%

10.1%

6.9%

7.7%

3.0%

8.4%

5.0%

8.4%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%


Using the same analysis, BLC peaked at only $20,000 - $29,999 by 12.6%

$39,999 by 11.5% compared to the MD of LSR where the peaks were 15.6% at $ $30,000

4% at $60,000 - $79,999. Even more, 63% and 59% in BLC and

re earning less than $40,000 a year. 26.7 % and

$99,999 and only 10% and 11.7% were earning more than $100,000 plus.

lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands

region when farmers’ income is quite often the lowest.

: Income Rate, 2010 – Big Lakes County via the MD

Taking into account all four regions, the margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the

income of more than 57% (average) of peop le earning less than $40,000 a year

7.7%

10.4%

12.6%

11.5%

6.9% 7.3%

6.7%

5.8%

8.4%

8.0%

10.6%

15.6%

4.5% 4.7%

13.4%

7.1%

Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River, MD


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$29,999 by 12.6% and $30,000 -

where the peaks were 15.6% at $ $30,000 -

63% and 59% in BLC and the MD of

26.7 % and 29.7% were between

re earning more than $100,000 plus. The

lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands

the MD of Lesser Slave River

the margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the

$40,000 a year in 2010.

5.1%

2.3%

2.9%

5.6%

3.2%

2.6%


11 | P a g e

Hamlet of Kinuso

Creative Class & Type of Industries in the Region

In order to understand more clearly the key drivers for the region the review of industries by

occupation and employment by the industry is presented below. For the purpose of this analysis

we only looked at the latest data available to date for the year 2011 (figures 7 and 8 on p. 13 -

14).

The biggest economic driver in the region is “trade s, transport, and equipment

operations and related occupations” for all four selected municipalities. Even though it is the

second biggest for High Prairie and Slave Lake where “sales and service occupations” have

slightly higher percentage it is still dominant for the overall region. This may be explained by the

demands of Oil and Gas, Forestry and Agriculture that are heavily present in the region. High

Prairie and BLC has a higher percentage of occupations in “social science, education,

government services and religion” which can be explained by the strong presence of the

Northern Lakes College campuses (eight (8) in total, see Figure 7: The Northern Lakes College

Campuses Map7 below compared to only three (3) in Slave Lake and the MD of LSR). In the MD

of LSR, the second and the third dominant industries are “business, finance and administration

occupations” as well as management occupations. This may explain the higher earnings

compared to BLC discussed in the previous section. Also, Slave Lake’s third dominant

economic driver is finance and administration that may help to give the town the highest median

total income in 2010 discussed on p. 8.

Presence of the businesses, finance and

administrative facilities in Slave Lake and the

MD of LSR benefit the oil and gas industry

that, obviously, provides a mutually

beneficial support for those businesses to

exist and prosper.

7 Source: Available online at Northern Lakes College website


12 | P a g e

Figure 7: The Northern Lakes College Campuses Map


Following the same scheme, employment by industry shows that

trades” are the dominant employment industry

highest for BLC and the MD of


Figure 8: Industry by O

Following the same scheme, employment by industry shows that the

dominant employment industry for High Prairie and Slave Lake

of LSR.


13 | P a g e

: Industry by Occupation, 2011

the “wholesale and retail

for High Prairie and Slave Lake and the second


Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

Manufacturing

Wholesale trade and retail trade

Transportation and warehousing

Information and cultural industries

Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and leasing

Professional, scientific and technical services

Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services

Educational services

Health care and social assistance

Arts, entertainment and recreation

Accommodation and food services

Other services (except public administration)

Public administration

High Prairie


Figure 9: Employment by Industry, 2011

7.6%

12.9%

0.0%

7.6%

7.6%

12.6%

4.2%

0.0%

0.0%

4.2%

5.6%

9.5%

7.0%

0.0%

4.5%

8.1%

8.7%

10.1%

7.7%

0.5%

6.6%

4.0%

13.8%

7.1%

0.0%

1.7%

2.4%

1.7%

14.1%

7.2%

0.3%

7.1%

3.2%

12.5%

1.3%

11.7%

1.6%

11.5%

4.3%

5.4%

1.3%

2.9%

2.4%

2.3%

7.8%

7.9%

0.6%

11.2%

4.4%

4.5%

1.0%

4.5%

0.0%

4.2%

3.8%

2.1%

1.0%

0.0%

4.2%

6.3%

16.0%

9.1%

1.4%

8.7%

4.2%

11.1%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

Utilities

Construction

Manufacturing

Wholesale trade and retail trade

Transportation and warehousing

Information and cultural industries

Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and

Professional, scientific and technical services

Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services

Educational services

Health care and social assistance

Arts, entertainment and recreation

Accommodation and food services

Other services (except public administration)

Public administration

High Prairie Slave Lake Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River, MD


14 | P a g e

: Employment by Industry, 2011

18.8%22.3%

16.0%

20.0% 25.0%

Lesser Slave River, MD


15 | P a g e

“Education” and “public administration” services are the first and the third employment drivers

for BLC respectively as well as the second and the third for High Prairie compared to “mining,

quarrying and oil and gas extraction” which are the first in the MD of LSR and the second for

Slave Lake. “Construction” is the third dominant industry for Slave Lake where education

services come third for the MD of LSR. This shows that Slave Lake and the MD of LSR have

slightly better diversification of their economy and rely more on industries rather than public

and education services that are more prevalent in BLC and High Prairie which will increase

even more after the new hospital is completed in High Prairie.

On the other hand, if we look at the creative class that can stimulate growth and help to rebuild

local economies, only “educational services” is visibly present. “The Creative Class includes

people employed in science and engineering, architecture and design, education, arts, music

and entertainment occupations.8” Professional, scientific and technical services employment is

less than 5% for all four municipalities, whereas arts, entertainment and recreation is less than

1.5% as well as information and cultural industries. These figures show a challenge in

attracting this class of people into the region. It has been known that “the primary economic

function of the Creative Class is to generate new ideas, new technology and/or new creative

content.9” Consequently, those provide opportunities and attract newcomers into th e

region . These creative individuals provide a heightened sense of quality of the place and in turn

attract new business investments. This aspect of economic development for rural communities

cannot be underestimated. It needs to become one of the new competitive strategi es that

will be discussed in the section IV. Future Opportunities, Contemporary Strategy on p. 46 in

more details later in this study.

8 Stolarick et al., Creativity, Tourism and Economic Development in a Rural Context: the case of Prince Edward County, Journal of Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 239 9 Stolarick et al., Creativity, Tourism and Economic Development in a Rural Context: the case of Prince Edward County, Journal of Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 239


16 | P a g e

Visitors, Expenditure and Potential Demand for Rura l Vacation

Tourism is one of the tools that can be used by rural communities to counteract the decline in

economic activity experienced in more traditional i ndustries such as Agriculture, Energy

and/or Forestry. Based on the Summary of Visitor Numbers and Characteristics provided by the

Government of Alberta (GoA), Tourism, Parks and Recreation for 2010 - 2012 the most visits in

Alberta were made by Albertans, 85.5% in 2012 compared to 86% in 2011 and 81% in 2010.

The LSL location is favourable due to its close proximity to large cities in Alberta. It is located

about 2.5 hours drive from Grand Prairie, less than 3 hours from Edmonton and 5 hours from

Calgary. This would explain such a high percentage of Albertans visiting the rural LSL areas of

the region.

In 2012, visitors from the other parts of Canada accounted for 22% where visitors from the

United States and other international travellers accounted for 2% and 1% respectively.

However, based on the visitor expenditure, residents of Alberta rated for 58% of direct visitor

spending in northern Alberta. Visitors from other parts of Canada accounted for 29% where

visitors from the United States accounted for 8%, and other international travellers accounted

for 5% of the direct tourism expenditures in the region10. The lower expenditure compared to the

percentage of Albertans visiting Alberta by Albertans compared to other visitors to the region

can be explained by the high amount of Albertans visiting their friends and families (43% in

2012)11 as a main purpose of their trip. Consequently, by increasing USA and international

travellers by only 3% might double their expenditur e and would bring more money into

the region . Those visitors, commonly, travel for longer periods of time compared to Albertans

visiting Alberta and require accommodation, transportation and other means for their travel.

10 Source: The Economic Impact of Tourism in the Alberta North Tourism Region 2012, Government of Alberta 11 Source: A Summary of 2012 Visitor Numbers and Characteristics, Government of Alberta


17 | P a g e

A study on the Potential Demand for rural vacation experience in Alberta by residents of Alberta

in June 2012 highlighted that northern and central Alberta were frequently visited for lakeside

camping .

People that were interviewed were keen on:

• small communities

• images associated with farming, water bodies and la kes

• camping

• and slower pace of life

Some even emphasised on “having an unusual or rare experience and that the experience

might be educational” (p.iii). In addition, they also identified three main areas that visitors were

still keen to experience, such as museums and historical sites of Alberta, the desire to go “up

north” and finally parks and other attractions. The LSL region is rich on all of those attractions

and can offer an amazing experience for visitors and travelers. Based on the above, this study

will look at the potential facilities’ and attractions’ development around the region in part IV.

Future Development, Lake Capacity for Further Development and its Surrounding Area on p.

40) of this report.


Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their C

The review of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently

the lake was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as

Slave Lake Chamber of Commerce campground information,

Tourism brochure for 2012, flayers etc.

information . Most of the RV

or local newspapers. In some cases they do not

are not only seasonal but pre-

one body to provide a sin gle, consolidated source of

visitors but also to enhance

gathering and analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the

future tourism and recreation

economic growth across the whole region

Campgrounds. There are

campgrounds available in surrounding area,

only twelve (12) in close proximity

with two newly build, Shadow Creek Resort and

Marina and KL – One Campgr

camping stalls are 2,123+ and only 1,045 with

power supply. Tap water is

eighteen (18) campgrounds

disposal availability is only at

Eleven (11) campgrounds are located

advertise a boat launch but only

(2) are in the MD of LSR and based on the Lesser Slave River (LSR)

all campgrounds. During the summer most of the campgrounds are full.


Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their C apacities, Level of O ccupancy

eview of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently

was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as

Slave Lake Chamber of Commerce campground information, the Lesser Sl

e for 2012, flayers etc. These sources of information still

. Most of the RV parks and campgrounds are marketing themselves

In some cases they do not even have to market themselves

-booked in advance. Nevertheless, this highlights the need to have

gle, consolidated source of information , not only for tourist

also to enhance the ability to market the whole LSL region

analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the

tourism and recreation strategies are essential to provide a strong driver for

economic growth across the whole region.

There are twenty three (23)

available in surrounding area, with

proximity to the lake

Shadow Creek Resort and

One Campground, of which

,123+ and only 1,045 with a

is available at only

campgrounds and the sewage

only at fourteen (14).

re located at the lakeshore; nineteen (19) offer fishing,

boat launch but only six (6) offer a boat rental (four (4) are located in BLC and two

and based on the Lesser Slave River (LSR)). Animals are allowed at

campgrounds. During the summer most of the campgrounds are full.

Shadow Creek Resort


18 | P a g e

ccupancy

eview of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently available surrounding

was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as the

Lesser Slave Lake Regional

still offer very limited

are marketing themselves via Facebook

even have to market themselves, because they

is highlights the need to have

, not only for tourists and

the whole LSL region. In addition, better

analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the

to provide a strong driver for

offer fishing, sixteen (16)

(four (4) are located in BLC and two

). Animals are allowed at

Shadow Creek Resort


Cabins. There are eight (8) locatio

rentals with another three (3)

up to 265 people in total. Most of them have inside toilets, hot and drinking water. Five (5) are

located in BLC and six (6) in

one location in Smith, AB with 3 cabi

capacity of 28 people.

Hotels. There are nine (9) hotels

Lake with capacity of 661 room

available. However, there are

43 rooms and Royal Star Motor Inn with 30 rooms in High Prairie,

rooms, Highway Motor Inn with 75 rooms and

Marinas / Harbours. There are seven (7

around the lake where six (6)

are under federal jurisdiction, such as Canyon Creek

ones in BLC.

Joussard Marina, AB12

12 Source: Fisheries and Oceans, Canada13 Source: Spruce Point Park Campground and Marina website


There are eight (8) locations with fifty four (54) cabins around the

locations near LSR with additional six (6) cabins. Their capacity is


located in BLC and six (6) in the MD of LSR and The Town of Slave Lake. In addition, there is

one location in Smith, AB with 3 cabins and one near Fawcett Lake West with two (2) with

There are nine (9) hotels in the area, six (6) of which are located in

with capacity of 661 room and only two (2) in The Town of High Prairie

e numerous motels in both towns; examples are

43 rooms and Royal Star Motor Inn with 30 rooms in High Prairie, and

Highway Motor Inn with 75 rooms and Lakeside Motor Inn with 47 rooms in Slave Lake.

There are seven (7) marinas (excluding one on L

) are located in BLC and only one (1) in the MD

are under federal jurisdiction, such as Canyon Creek in the MD of LSR

Spruce Point Park Marina in Kinuso, AB

Source: Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Source: Spruce Point Park Campground and Marina website


19 | P a g e

the LSL that offered cabin

cabins. Their capacity is


of Slave Lake. In addition, there is

Fawcett Lake West with two (2) with total

located in The Town of Slave

of High Prairie with 153 rooms

numerous motels in both towns; examples are Key Inn Motel with

Northwest Inn with 99

Inn with 47 rooms in Slave Lake.

LSR) that are located

the MD of LSR. Three (3)

of LSR, Faust and Joussard

arina in Kinuso, AB13


The private marinas are in

RedSky in Joussard and in Shaw’s Point

them are located in BLC. (There is one more marina in

mouth of the Lesser Slave River just north of the

stalls are available in total around the LSL

is planned to be added to Shadow Creek Resort in a near future.

RedSky are offering their private pier

Boat Launch. Public Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around

additional one on the LSR. In the surrounding area

are available on Winagami,

launches around LSL, examples are Shadow Creek Resort, RedSky and Shaw’s Point Resort.

Boat Rentals. Boat rentals are offered only at

located on the LSR and other

Beaches. There are ten

beaches around the LSL, six

which are public and free for

use. Three (3) of those are

Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park

such as Devonshire Beach, Marten

River Campground and Northern

Shore Day Use Area and one in

Canyon Creek in the MD of LSR.

14 Source: Waterkeeper’ Swim Guide website


in Spruce Point Park near Kinuso, in Shadow Creek Resort

Shaw’s Point Resort on the north shore (with two marinas

There is one more marina in the MD of LSR that is located on the

mouth of the Lesser Slave River just north of the Town of Slave Lake.) There are 680+ docking

in total around the LSL, 94% of which are located in BLC

to be added to Shadow Creek Resort in a near future. Private developmen

private piers to their members.

Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around

additional one on the LSR. In the surrounding area, there are additional four (4)

are available on Winagami, Fawcett, Hondo and Cross Lake. There are few private boat


. Boat rentals are offered only at six (6) locations in the LSL region. T

SR and other four (4) are on the LSL in BLC.

(10)

(6) of

and free for day

in the

Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park

, Marten

mpground and Northern

and one in

of LSR.

Source: Waterkeeper’ Swim Guide website


20 | P a g e

Shadow Creek Resort and

on the north shore (with two marinas). All of

of LSR that is located on the

There are 680+ docking

, 94% of which are located in BLC, plus additional 100

Private developments such as

Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around the LSL with

re are additional four (4) boat launches

There are few private boat


) locations in the LSL region. Two (2) are

Devonshire Beach14


21 | P a g e

Only two public beaches are located in BLC, one is on the north side of the LSL in Hilliard’s Bay

Provincial Park and the other is in Spruce Point Day Use and Campground near Kinuso.

Another four (4) that are located in BLC are private beaches such as RedSky, Hilliard’s Bay

Estates Inc., Shaw’s Point and Shadow Creek resort. Consequently, there is a significant lack

of the public beaches on the west side of the lake. There are more options on the east side of

the lake especially for public.

Hilliard’s Bay Estate Inc. Beach and Marina15

15 Source: http://www.hilliardsbay.com


22 | P a g e

Lesser Slave Lake

Sport Fishing. Fishing is offered on

surrounding lakes, rivers and a creeks in the

LSL region. That includes seven (7) rivers

which are Athabasca, Driftpile, East Prairie,

Lesser Slave, Marten, Swan and West Prairie

Rivers; nine (9) lakes that are Fawcett, Gift,

Lesser Slave, Lily, Mitsue, Snipe, Utikuma

and Utikumasis Lake; and Sawridge Creek.

All are within an easy distance of one

hundred kilometre radius of the LSL. The fishes that can be caught are Walleye, Jackfish,

Whitefish, Perch, Grayling and Brook Trout (Lily Lake only).

Guided fishing. Guided fishing is offered at six (6) locations in the LSL region. However, four (4)

are on the rivers in the MD of LSR and only two (2) are offered in BLC on the LSL.

Ice Hut. There are seven (7) ice hut services available in the LSL region. Five (5) of which are in

BLC, one (1) in the MD of LSR and one (1) in the Town of Slave Lake.

Golf. The LSL region promotes four (4) Golf courses. The High Prairie & District Golf Club is in

close proximately to the west of the lake and the Gilwood Golf & Country Club is on the east.

The Swans Hills Golf Course is located within 1.5 hour drive from the south side of the lake and

the Flatbush River Valley Golf Club is located just over an hour drive from the Town of Slave

Lake. This shows that the east side of the lake have three (3) easy accessible Golf course

options. However, west side offers only one close option or a much longer drive to the other

ones.


23 | P a g e

Events. The LSR is popular for different events that are happening mostly in summer, starting in

February with Frost Fest and ending with Golden Walleye Classic Fishing Derby in September.

However, due to out of date tourism brochure available at the Tourism Information centres in

High Prairie and Slave Lake, it is difficult for the visitors to find what is planned for 2015

unless it is through word of mouth or local advertisement. This limits the possibilities for new

visitors’ interest if only limited information abou t the location is available or none at all. In

2010 and 2011 the following events were offered: Rodeos (three (3)); Fishing Derby’s (four (4));

Markets and Art Walks (two (2)), Auto, Races & Ralley’s (five (5)); Music, Festival and Concerts

(five (5)); Tournaments and Triathlons (three (3)); Family Fun (two (2)). Seventy six (76) percent

of all events were scheduled for summer and only twelve (12) percent for early autumn and

eight (8) and four (4) for spring and winter respectively.

Museums. There are six (6) museums in the area, such as High Prairie & District Museum,

Kinosayo Museum, Moquito Lake Resort, Native Cultural Arts Museum, Pioneer Threshermen’s

Assoc., Northshore Homestead.

Other Entertainment and Attractions. There is a year-round EC Bar Ranch Adventures that

offers trail rides in High Prairie. During the winter Lakeshore Motorsports Association offers

Alberta Endurance Ice Racing and Snowmobile Drag Racing from Slave Lake. The LSL region

is home to Cross Lake Provincial Park, Lawrence Lake Provincial Park, Lesser Slave Lake

Provincial Park, Hilliard’s Bay Provincial Park, Lesser Slave Lake Wildland Park, Winagami

Lake Provincial Park, Winagami Lake Wildland Park and Grizzly Ridge Wildland Park. The LSL

region offers kayaking, bird watching, hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, cultural retreats

like historical churches, museums and art walks, and winter sports like cross-country skiing, ice

fishing, showmobiling, showshoeing.


24 | P a g e

Restaurants. Only ten (10) restaurants are available in the area, five (5) of which are located in

Slave Lake. High Prairie only offers one (1). Three (3) are located in BLC and one (1) in the MD

of LSR. This provides very limited options and not enough places to accommodat e all

visitors to the region , especially during the summer peak season.

Grocery Stores. Seven (7) grocery stores are in the area, three (3) are in Slave Lake, one (1) is

in High Prairie, two (2) are in BLC and one (1) is in the MD of LSR that are promoted to the

visitors and travellers.

The above analysis highlights the following points:

• need for a development of the public beach (es) on the west side of the lake

• more options with regards to Cabins, Hotels, B&Bs with the possibility to develop to


rather than camping

• guided water sport activities on the lake and more options for rental and diversity of

water recreation

• possibility of Golf course development on the north or west side away from the lake


• better marketing , printed and online materials for the local events, museums and

cultural retreats

• attracting seasonal or permanent businesses to provide good quality catering options,

especially during the peak summer season


25 | P a g e

Tourism Analysis of Other Rural Areas

In this part three examples of other rural destinations with similar economic development

patents are briefly discussed. Based on these rural communities similarities and trends are

identified with the LSL region.

Sylvan Lake, Alberta

The Sylvan Lake located 25 minute drive west of Red Deer and less than two (2) hour drive

south of Edmonton, Alberta. The lake considered to be a popular destination for Tourism and

Recreation activates by Albertans (93% of all visitors). Town of Sylvan Lake is considered to be

a dynamic lakeside community that experience twenty one (21) percent population growth

between 2006 and 201316. In 2014, the town undertook a survey to assess Economic Impact of

Sylvan Lake Tourism17. The finding showed that “the total economic impact (direct, indirect,

and induced) of Sylvan Lake tourism in the year 2014 was about $ 75 million .” Considering

that the Sylvan Lake is twenty seven (27) times smaller than the LSL, the opportunities and

positive impact that Tourism and Recreation can bri ng to the LSL region economics are

“twenty seven” (27) times higher than recorded in S ylvan Lake .

Figure 10. Summary of Economic Impact Assessment of Sylvan Lake Tourism

The Town of Sylvan Lake developed a Tourism Strategy for five (5) years (2013 - 2018) that

were prepared by Citizen and Business Leaders of Sylvan working with the Sylvan Lake

16 Source: http://albertacommunityprofiles.com/Profile/Sylvan_Lake/255 17 Source: http://www.sylvanlake.ca/uploads/Sylvan_Lake_Tourism_EIA_-_Final_Report.pdf


26 | P a g e

Tourism Steering Committee and enhanced by the Town of Sylvan Lake Management Team.

The key points are18:

Figure 11. Priority Issues and Opportunities for Tourism in Sylvan Lake

It is important to note that most of the key issues and opportunities identified in the Town of

Sylvan Lake Tourism Strategy can be adopted and are applicable to the future Les ser Slave

Lake Tourism strategy .

18 Source: http://www.sylvanlake.ca/uploads/Sylvan_Lake_CORPORATE.pdf


27 | P a g e

Prince Edward County, Ontario

Prince Edward County (PEC) in Ontario is a great example of the rural community that by

using tourism based strategies, regional amenities and quality of place characteristics

attracted tourists and also residents to their regi on . It is located in eastern Ontario, directly

south of Ottawa, halfway between Montreal and Toronto, on the shores of Lake Ontario. Its

population between 1996 and 2006 was for the most part unchanged (only 1,8 % population

growth was recorded). More than 440,000 individuals visited PEC in 2004 and spent an

estimated total of $65.4 million, making tourism a critical component of the PEC economy.

One of the ways to improve rural economic development in the rural community is

attracting new residents and their families to relo cate to the region . Strategies focused on

attracting the Creative Class (discussed also on p. 11 & 46) can further leverage regional

amenities plus creative class workers have higher average earning than working, service class

and agricultural workers that will advance median total income for the regio n. The PEC

economic development office likes to distinguish itself as an example of a successful rural

creative economy (the workforce in creative occupations raised by 6.4% between 1996 and

2006 in the region).

However, one of the challenges that rural community may face is the extent to which it can

hold on to the very aspect of quality of life that made the region so attractive in the first

place . On the other hand, there are the growing problems and a new politics of growth

between new idea and old traditions that creates barriers for the future development. So a

broader strategy designed to influence the quality of place and quality of life amenities may

lead to a more sustainable economic outcome.


28 | P a g e

Lakeland, Finland

Lakeland is considered to be the heart of the Finnish identity and the largest Lake District in

Europe which compose of 1000 lakes. Finland Tourism Strategy to 202019 emphasises on four

good reasons to promote tourism industry development which are:

1) Tourism is an industry with remarkable multiplicative effects on the national economy

2) Tourism is an industry with an intense employment effect

3) Tourism brings prosperity and wellbeing to regions

4) Tourism has growth potential

In 2007, tourism sectors employed a

total of 130,500 people , generating

approximately 4 billion euro in tax

revenues per year , and accounting

for 3.8 per cent of GDP. By

implementing the measures

proposed in the strategy, these

sectors could employ 171,000

people by 2020, generating 7.5

billion euro in tax revenue and

accounting for 5.1 per cent of GDP.

Their model of Sustainable

Wellbeing Destination (Figure 12)

is well represented and applicable

for the LSL region sustainable

tourism (destination) development.

Figure 12. A Model of Sustainable Wellbeing Destination

19 Source: https://www.tem.fi/files/28018/Finlands_Tourism_Strategy_to_2020.pdf


29 | P a g e

Above destinations offer three different perspectives , one being in the same province, other

in the same country and the third is an international destination. Nevertheless, all three

examples present valuable evidences of the importance of the future tourism s trategies

around the LSL region. Sylvan Lake key opportunities are adaptable and applicable to the LSL

region. Contemporary strategy that is used to create and improve economic stability of the PEC

in Ontario is the strategy that can be used by local municipalities to improve the quality of live in

the LSL region. And broad vision of the Sustainable Wellbeing Destination Model that is used by

Finland Tourism Strategy is directly transferable not only to the LSL regional tourism strategy

but Alberta as well as Canada Tourism Strategy for years to come.


30 | P a g e

III. LAKE MANAGEMENT

One of the biggest assets for the region is the Lesser Slave Lake (LSL) which not only

provides water supply but also offers a recreational retreat for many locals and visitors. The

concerns of the lake sustainability and desire to protect it for the future generation raised a need

for a long-term lake management plan . However, it is important to note that “... the effective

management of any lake requires the integration of management over the entire catchment of

the lake, as well as the lake itself.20” In the light of the above, integrated lacustrine management

system (ILMS) for the LSL was constructed below. The analysis of different rules and

regulations, and also organizations and communities that have direct or indirect involvement to

the LSL were undertaken as well as review of industries nearby.

Integrated Lacustrine Management System (ILMS)

In order to see the complexity and collaboration required for the complex management of the

LSL and its surrounding area, Integrated Lacustrine Management System (ILMS) was

constructed based on Hall and Harkonen model below21. It includes river systems, towns and

hamlets, Agricultural and Industrial land use, National parks, First Nations Reserves,

Destination Boundaries (Tourism and Recreation) and Lake Watershed Boundaries. “It is the

complexity of lacustrine systems that is demanding the development of integrated

approaches to the management of lake systems.22”

20 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p.11, available online 21 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p.13-4 22 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p.12


31 | P a g e

Destination Boundary

Agricultural Land Use

Industrial Land Use

Lake Watershed Boundary

N

Figure 13: Lesser Slave Lake Integrated Lacustrine Management System23

23 Note. This is not a map. The scale and distance are approximate. It was designed for a representation purpose only.

National Park

First Nation Reserve

Lakeshore Camping Sites

1 River System

2 Headwaters of the River System

3 The Town of High Prairie

4 The Town of Slave Lake

H Hamlet

More than 45 km

Mor

e th

an 8

0 km

Up

to 9

0 km


32 | P a g e

“Another key issue in the management of lacustrine systems is that administrative and

institutional boundaries do not neatly coincide with that of the lake watershed. This creates

substantial difficulties in getting agreement between different governmental agencies and

organisations with different mandates and jurisdictions.24” Figure 13 above shows how far the

lake watershed boundaries stretch from the lake shore. It highlights the importance of the

collaborative approach to the complex LSL management that involves participation and co-

operations of all lake users.

Integrated lake management can have three interpretations :

1. The systematic management of the various dimensions of the lake water – ground

water, surface water, quantity and quality

2. The management of the lake and its interactions with ot her systems – land and the

environment.

3. The management of the lake and its interactions with th e social and economic

environment – a sustainability approach.25”

Rules and Regulations around the Lesser Slave Lake

In order to have even better visual representation of the complex management of the LSL and

its surrounding area, the below Figure 14 illustrates Land Classes (Municipal, Privately Owned,

Provincial and First Nations Lands) and Disposition Groups (Leases, Reservations, Glazing

Reserves and Permits) in the close proximity to the lake’s bank provided by ESRD.

24 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 12 25 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 35-6


33 | P a g e

Figure 14. Land Use Dispositions around Lesser Slave Lake26

26 Note. The figure was provided by Alberta Environment and Parks (2015) using summarized disposition data.


Furthermore, there are many rules and regulations

Water Act, Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Municipal Government Act,

Fisheries Ac t, Navigable Protection Act

can be considered common legislation related to the lake and its surrounding area.

Diagrammatic representation of a water feature and the common legislation related to the

surrounding area of the lake t

1996 Annual Workshop Proceedings, Sylvan Lake and revised in February 2002

considered accurate to this date.

p.35 below depicts different legislation that is establish

and municipal acts. All of them closely correlate together and intertwi ne

Public Land Act that is governed by provincial

legislation primarily “deals with two important

factors: (1) ownership of the beds and shores

of permanent water bodies, and (2) prohibits

certain activities that may cause injury to

Crown lands”28. “The Shore” is a part of the

lake bed that is exposed when the level of the

water is below normal so the line where the

privately owned land ends and the shore of

the lake starts is called the legal bank

the bank towards the water is considered public land.

27 THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available28 THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework,

sser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study

many rules and regulations around the LSL such as


t, Navigable Protection Act (formally Navigable Waters Protection Act) etc. that



surrounding area of the lake that were prepared by ESRD for Alberta Lake Management Society

1996 Annual Workshop Proceedings, Sylvan Lake and revised in February 2002

considered accurate to this date. Figure 15. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta

rent legislation that is established and enforced by the fed

All of them closely correlate together and intertwi ne

Public Land Act that is governed by provincial

legislation primarily “deals with two important

factors: (1) ownership of the beds and shores

odies, and (2) prohibits

certain activities that may cause injury to

“The Shore” is a part of the

lake bed that is exposed when the level of the

water is below normal so the line where the

privately owned land ends and the shore of

the legal bank . From

the bank towards the water is considered public land.

THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSDTHE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, p. 4, available on request from ERSD


34 | P a g e

around the LSL such as Public Land Act,


(formally Navigable Waters Protection Act) etc. that



hat were prepared by ESRD for Alberta Lake Management Society

1996 Annual Workshop Proceedings, Sylvan Lake and revised in February 200227 still can be

. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta on

ed and enforced by the federal, provincial

All of them closely correlate together and intertwi ne.

on request from ERSD available on request from ERSD


35 | P a g e

Figure 15. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta29

29 Note. Not all applicable legislation is depicted in the table, only the most commonly encountered


Consequently, most of the private lands do not

extend to the water edge , but to the legal bank only,

this is shown on land title used with survey plan for the

property. In case the exposed lake bed became

permanent (this process known as Accretion

land owners can apply and entitled for any extension of

the land arising through accretion

through the gradual and imperceptible recession of

water or deposition of material

the amendment of the title take place, “the natural,

gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual

encroachment of water upon land increases the extent

of the bed and shore owned by the Crown

After a significant international initiative in March 2003,

the International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)

principles 32 detailed in World Lake Vision provid

managing lakes for their sustainable use, which are:

Principle 1: A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the

sustainable use of lakes.

Principle 2: A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and

management actions for sustainable lake use.

Principle 3: A long-term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake

degradation is essential.

Principle 4: Policy deve

based on sound science and the best available information.

Principle 5: The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution

of conflicts among competing users of lake

present and future generations and of nature.

30 THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD31 THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD32 Source: available online http://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp


most of the private lands do not

, but to the legal bank only,

this is shown on land title used with survey plan for the

property. In case the exposed lake bed became

this process known as Accretion), adjacent

land owners can apply and entitled for any extension of

sing through accretion (“only if occurred

through the gradual and imperceptible recession of

water or deposition of material30”). Nevertheless, until

the amendment of the title take place, “the natural,

gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual

chment of water upon land increases the extent

of the bed and shore owned by the Crown31”.

After a significant international initiative in March 2003,

the International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC) called to action t

ailed in World Lake Vision providing a road map for achieving the transition to

lakes for their sustainable use, which are:

A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the


A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and

actions for sustainable lake use.

term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake


Policy development and decision making for lake management should be

sound science and the best available information.

The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution

among competing users of lake resources, taking into account the needs of

and future generations and of nature.

Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD

THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSDhttp://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf


36 | P a g e

called to action the seven

a road map for achieving the transition to

A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the

A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and

term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake

lopment and decision making for lake management should be

The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution

resources, taking into account the needs of

Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD

content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf


37 | P a g e

Principle 6: Citizens and other stakeholders should be encouraged to participate

meaningfully in identifying and resolving critical lake problems.

Principle 7: Good governance, based on fairness, transparency and empowerment of

all stakeholders, is essential for sustainable lake use.

Organizations and Communities

In this section, brief review of different organizations, communities and municipalities, their

activities and leadership, in addition to other parties currently directly or indirectly involved in the

lake sustainability and its development is undertaken (refer to Appendix 1. Organizations and

Communities on p. 74 for more detailed breakdown of each organization discussed). This helps

to understand the complexity of support available for the region and local communities and also

helps to see the common similarities and differences between those organizations.

The following organizations and communities were reviewed:

Alberta Land Stewardship Centre (ALSC)

Alberta Lake Management Society (ALMS)

Association of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)

Municipalities (The Town of High Prairie, BLC, The Town of Slave Lake, The MD of LSR)

Community Futures Lesser Slave Lake (CFLSL)

Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Governme nt of Canada (DFO)

Ducks Unlimited (DUC)

Lesser Slave Forest Education Society (LSFES)

Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance (LSLEA)

Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC) – First Nations

Lesser Slave Lake Regional Tourism (LSLRT)

Lesser Slave Watershed Council (LSWC)

Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Alberta

Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource De velopment, Alberta (ESRD)

Nature Alberta

Private Land Developers (Sub-divisions)

Smoky Applied Research and Demonstration Associatio n (SARDA)

Regional Forest Advisory Committee, Whitecourt (RFA C)


38 | P a g e

It was not possible to include all the organizations, communities and related parties around the

LSL so some were unintentionally missed and/or not included in the above list. However, based

on the above, the following scheme indicates very strong environmental oriented presence

in the region. Even though, they are more educational, informative and research orientated

organizations with limited resources to enforce rules and regulations, it is clear that many

people see the need for preserving the lake and its surrounding areas. Nevertheless, it also

highlights the need for better focus on economic concepts for the communities’ growth as

well as ability to promote and market those resources avail able in the region . The below

scheme shows the connection of the different organizations and government bodies to

Environment, Economic and Marketing. Percentage stands for the amount of the organisations,

governing bodies presence in the region mentioned previously.

Figure 16: Organizations and Governing Bodies

ALSC ALMS ASVA DUC LSFES LSWC Nature Alberta SARDA ESRD DFO RFAC (Provide: Education Information Research/

Studies)

CFLSL LSLEA LSLIRC RFAC

Municipalities Private Land Developers

(Provide: Diversification Collaboration Communication)

Ministry of Culture and Tourism Municipalities Private Land Developers (LSLRT no longer operational)

Environment

Marketing

Economic


39 | P a g e

Industry, Agriculture and Railway

The LSL region is benefiting from the strong presence of Oil and Gas, Forestry and Agriculture

in the region. The oil discovery north of the LSL in the Seal Lake Oil Sands and opening of Seal

Lake Connector road, in addition to Highway 2, which connects BLC to the major urban cities of

Alberta, gives a competitive advantage to the region. The Railway running on the south side of

the LSL, as well as highway’s heavy equipment traffic provides industrial support both create a

certain risk for the lake as well as its surrounding area.

Undeniably those industries bring significant revenue to the region and support local

communities. However it is important to note that “upstream agricultural and industrial

practices can have an enormous impact on lake quali ty, often far greater than that of the

immediate lake users. ”33 It may create a conflict between different lake users. It “is problematic

and demands careful multiple use planning and conflict resolution34”.

When the consideration of any development around the lake is raised it is important to

recognise that if there is an interference with a railway or other heavy industry it might cause a

problem in the future. Promoting a campground or summer village next to the railway when

people have to cross the railway creates safety issues in addition to the noise and the vibration.

Communities need to recognise and not promote incompatible development next to the railway

or any other heavy industry related infrastructure.

Furthermore, a clear process for dealing with any possible hazard or related spills need to be

established to ensure that everything is in place if such a catastrophe are to take place.

33 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 12 34 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 33


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IV. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

In this section, possible future opportunities for the LSL region will be reviewed and discussed,

such as lake capacity for further development and its surrounding area, contemporary strategy

that can be used to improve the local economic growth as well as analysis of the LSL current

recreation and tourism management. In addition, this study will look at the importance of

marketing and promoting the LSL as a rural destination for both visitors and newcomers.

Lake Capacity for Further Development and its Surro unding Area

To develop means “to expand or realize the potentialities of; bring gradually to a fuller, greater,

or better state”35. So it is vital to have a sustainable development approach to any development

initiatives, especially, if the development might have a negative effect on eco-systems,

waterways and inhabitants in the surrounding area. In broad terms, the concept of sustainable

development is “an attempt to combine growing concerns about a range of environmental

issues with socio-economic issues.”36

The study will focus on several areas such as tourism and recreation, residential development

and private development opportunities, however, it is not possible to cover all in the given

timeframe.

35 University research for sustainable development: definition and characteristics explored, T Waas, A Verbruggen, T Wright - Journal of cleaner production, Volume 18, Issue 7, May 2010, Pages 629–636 36 Sustainable development: mapping different approaches, Bill Hopwood*, Mary Mellor and Geoff O'Brien, Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 38–52, February 2005


41 | P a g e

Tourism and Recreation

“Lake tourism is tourism that occurs not only on the lake itself, but also in the surrounding

area”37 and after analysis of the tourism facilities, attractions and capabilities in Section II

Historical Trends, Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their Capacities, Level of Occupancy on page

18, it is evident that recreation facilities are somewhat limited in the area and concentrate

on seasonal (summer), passive recreation activities. Even though there are private and public

marinas around the lake shore, there is still a need for more boat launches on the lake

especially on the east side. Currently, a marina study is on the way for the east side of the lake

and the Town of Slave Lake and should be completed in the near future (refer to the Town of

Slave Lake for more details). However, a broader approach is needed to evaluate existing

harbours and marinas, as well as future possibilities for new marinas development around the

LSL in order to see the overall picture instead of concentrating on a specific area.

Another concern is the lack of public access to the lake especially with regards to public

beaches on the southshore. In this section few propositions will be made for the possible

location of the public beaches that are required not only for the visitors to the area but by the

local communities’ recreation and family retreat.

Additional beach(es) can be developed on the north side of the lake on the territory of Hilliard’s

Bay Provincial Park, with the agreement and assistance of ESRD. In the picture below38, three

options for beach development are shown around Shaw’s Point private resort and private

residential area of Hilliard’s Bay Estate, as part of the existing road can be used to access the

beach(es). The area can be cleaned up to accommodate parking, picnic tables and a small

recreational area. This area can be designed for day-use only to support local RV parks in the

surrounding areas and provide access for local communities to use it as well.

37 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 4-5 38 Source: Big Lakes County, Maps


42 | P a g e

Another concern is drinking water availability for the north shore of the lake. Currently, water is

brought into the area by trucks from Grouard. However, if both private owners consider joining

municipal regional water strategy39 by investing into the pipeline going from Grouard to their

properties, water pipe can be extended to include these proposed areas too. Nevertheless,

even with minimum required amenities (portable drinking water and natural sanitation systems),

these proposed beaches’ location can be used by locals and visitors as passive recreational

experience.

Another, more long term beach location or passive recreational camping facility might be

considered in the Lesser Slave Lake Wildland Park on the north shore of the lake. Currently

there is only a connector road that starts from Hilliard’s Bay road and continue along the north

lake shore that may be used for partial access to the park.

39 Refer to Big Lakes County administration for more details on municipal regional water strategy


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More importantly, considering that if the proposed Mirror Landing Trail shown on the picture

below40 becomes operational with activities such as: Walking/Hiking, Horseback Riding, Cross-

country Skiing, Snowmobiling, the need for some kind of passive recreational facilities in Lesser

Slave Lake Wildland Park will be essential. This trail will connect the east side with the west

side of the lake on the northern shore. This can create a different flow of travellers like

backpackers, bird watchers, bikers (during the summer) and cross-country skiers and

snowmobile lovers during the winter to explore the area.

40 Source: Trans Canada Trail website


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This may change the way and add an addition reason for visitors to come to the LSL region and

the places they stay on their way. By, first, creating a new route that goes around the lake will

provide an opportunity for travelers to stay certain amount of time at “five destinations” around

the lake – North West, South West, South, South East and North East and at some point on the

North side too. It may increase the length of stay especially by Albertan visitors. In addition, if

marketed properly, this can attract new investors into the region as demand for more

recreational facilities may rise. Different tourism packages and programs can be designed to

promote the northern trail on the LSL to Albertans and other travellers. However, the need for a

collaborative approach by all communities around the lake is essential in order to achieve this.


45 | P a g e

Private and Residential Development

Some of the areas around the LSL (ex. south shore) are relatively developed compared to the

north-west part of the lake. The hamlet of Grouard has great potential for growth if the right

approach is taken. It has all the required amenities as well as beautiful views and close

proximity to the lake, the Provincial Park and the Town of High Prairie. BLC owns some land

that can be offered to a potential private or residential development. It can be used for

subdivisions, condos and housings or any other business that might bring prosperity to the local

communities. On the other hand, after the new hospital in High Prairie is completed, one of the

future opportunities may be development of senior housing and facilities or medical retreats.

The picture below41 shows two possible locations for those kinds of developments.

41 Source: Big Lakes County, Maps


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Contemporary Strategy

Rural communities, due to their remote location and small scale, usually struggle to attract new

opportunities into the area to support their economic growth. One of the ways to change that is

to use a contemporary approach 42 to promote the area. This strategy consists of three

different steps.

First step is to capitalize on distinct local characteristics such as the lake, local cultural heritage

and natural amenities around the LSL region. This step is known as Place-Based Development

and usually involved in marketing of rural communities as tourist destination.

Second step is focusing on promoting entrepreneurship, mainly by supporting local

entrepreneurs and newly emergent businesses. This can foster continued and self-sustaining

economic activity for the region. This step is known as Economic Gardening and an important

component to growing a dynamic economy for rural communities.

Third step is focusing on attracting the Creative class into the region that were reviewed in

Section II. Historical Trends, Creative Class & Type of Industries in the Region on p. 11. This

step is known as Cultivating Creativity and Talent and can help rural communities by attracting

creative individuals into the area and cultivate from those artistic talents by illuminating the LSL

region for visitors and, possibly, new residents.

42 Stolarick et al., Creativity, Tourism and Economic Development in a Rural Context: the case of Prince Edward County, Journal of Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 238-254


47 | P a g e

To summarise, contemporary strategy steps for the LSL region are:









Analysis of the Lesser Slave Lake Management for Re creation and Tourism

In order to promote and develop the LSL tourism as a destination, good understanding of what

lake tourism includes is important. “Lacustrine tourism systems therefore include the lake, the

foreshore and those amenities, facilities and infrastructure in the surrounding region that support

the role of the lake as a tourist attraction.43” Furthermore, it is crucial to remember that “the

local communities are a key consideration of the cultural appraisal of lakes as recreation and

tourism resources. They are not only part of the attraction of many lake destinations, but they

also are able to benefit from the commercial opportunities offered by tourism.” “Citizens should

be consulted on the role of lakes. As society has increasingly recognised the value of lakes, so

too has the level of interest in local communities becoming involved in the management and

protection of lakes.44”

43 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon.p. 4-5 44 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 29


48 | P a g e

It is important to remember that tourism and recreation are secondary activities on the lake

and its reservoirs where the primary use is water supply, flood mitigation or power supply. “They

are therefore subject to both stringent management controls and activity restrictions to ensure

that tourism and recreation is compatible with the primary use of the water body.45”

Therefore management of the LSL for Recreation and Tourism is so complex that after review in

Section III. Lake Management (p. 30) of this study and considering all parties, industries,

organizations and communities that are involved in sustainable lake development the following

management practises are necessary to manage and support sustainable lake development

for future recreation and tourism46:













“However, it must be emphasised that the environmental stress caused by tourism is only one

source of impact on lake quality, with upstream changes in land-use, increased urbanisation,

poor sewage infra-structure and other sources of pollution and over-use of lake resources, all

affecting lake quality.47”

45 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 32-3 46 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 37 47 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 7


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The above management approach is a good representation of the collaborative approach that

is required for the LSL region. This approach helps to cover important areas that need to be

addressed and thought of in order to have a strong lake management for the recreation and

tourism in the future. It is difficult to bring all parties to agree and commit to the same practises;

however, it is the only way forward in order to grow and develop as well as to protect

communities’ resources.

On the other hand, it is important to remember that “to be considered a true tourism destination,

a lake attraction needs to be complemented by support services for tourism (such as

accommodation, retailing, and food and beverage), access and, ideally, a strong organisation at

the destination level.48” Following the contemporary strategy discussed previously and support

that is required for entrepreneurs in the area, it is crucial to create an environment which

promotes and supports small business by helping and guiding them in their endeavours.

The key considerations for lake management in this integrated management approach are:

(1) aesthetics; (2) collective security (where lakes form political boundaries); (3) cultural

opportunity (community festivals); (4) economic opportunity; (5) educational opportunity; (6)

emotional security and spiritual dimensions (identification, natural values and memory); (7)

environmental security; (8) individual freedom (property rights); (9) individual security (second

home owners); and (10) recreational opportunity49.

48 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 34 49 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 35


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Marketing

This study already touched on the difficulties

that the rural community faces “in promoting

economic growth which stem from two

prominent features: their remoteness and

small scale.”50 However, one of the ways to

promote rural communities and their

destinations is Marketing . Currently, the LSL

local businesses and private owners heavily

relay on adverting via Facebook and local

newspapers. These work for a specifically targeted audience (mainly local communities around

the LSL region), however, it does not reach wider audience and the information is very difficult

to find for someone outside the LSL community which create a barrier for promoting local

events and destinations.

After the report was completed by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation in 2012 on potential

demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta51 the following

obstacles were highlighted:

• Lack of the “buzz” about rural destinations that are advertised mostly by word of

mouth and mainly lost compared to big cities, mountain parks and international

destinations

• A better roadside signage for activities, attractions and visitor information centres

• A better image of “Rural Alberta”

50 Stolarick et al., Creativity, Tourism and Economic Development in a Rural Context: the case of Prince Edward County, Journal of Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 239 51 Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, Potential demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta. Exploratory qualitative research, 2012

Joussard Marina


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The above show the need to provide better recognition of the area . As an example one

participant in the above study suggested “built on childhood memories of the province’s 75th

anniversary promotion, “Stamp around Alberta” which provides a reward for visiting different

tourism destination regions. The idea brought the old concept into the 21st century by having a

“treasure hunt” using geocaching (Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity, in which

participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or mobile device and other

navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called "geocaches" or "caches", anywhere

in the world52). Tokens could be offered as a tangible reward, and a map provided for tracking

the locations visited”53. Another example could be interpretive programs like signage that tells

stories about trees, water, shrubs, birds, flowers etc. that are placed on different trails around

the area.

On the other hand, a good website that integrates all information about the places to stay,

things to do, maps and so on is mandatory for the whole of the LSL region. Municipalities and

communities can use government programs to support funding for different tourism marketing

tools like the Cooperative Marketing Program with Travel Alberta.

Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering a

number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by establishing

easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that increase the flow of

tourists into the region. It provides another way for local communities to stimulate

entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already touched on the proposed

development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45 by the Trans Canada Trail that

can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage trails around the LSL region.

52 Source: Wikipedia website 53 Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, Potential demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta. Exploratory qualitative research, 2012, p. v


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V. ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDATY DATA

After the primary data collection and analysis were completed that focused on four different

areas such as Future Development , Environmental Impact , Economic Growth , and

Collaboration (refer to Appendix 2. Interview Questionnaire on p. 89 and Appendix 3. Primary

Research Findings on page 92 for detailed analysis of the primary data), the results were

categorised for convenience and cross-referenced with the secondary source analysis

presented earlier in this paper (p. 3, 30 & 40). Moreover, the final findings were summarised and

presented in schemes and graphs below for the convenience and easy interpretation.

Future Development

The future development for the LSL region is broken down into two sections, such as

Development Strategies for municipalities and their Development Focus .

Development Strategies

The scheme summarised below provides four (4) key components that need to be present in

future municipal planning (preferably by all municipalities in the LSL region) which are

Planned , Focused , Sustainable and Diversified . It demonstrates what each component

represents and will help to create a Lesser Slave Lake Management Plan by structuring it

based on this approach. Even though, each group, municipality, town, reserve etc. need to have

their own strategic plan for their region, the below graph is designed for a collaborative

approach. It will benefit to create an Inter Municipal Planning Commission (IMPC) that

focuses on the whole LSL region. IMPC should include all municipalities that are considered to

be part of the LSL region and/or in its close proximity. It is important to have First Nation

representatives if they are willing to participate as well as representatives from surrounding

Metis Settlements. Non-for-profit organizations representatives may provide necessary

knowledge and support for the elected officials of the IMPC to create necessary laws and

regulations and should be part of the group. Each municipality is to enforce those laws in their

own jurisdiction or by the federal or provincial government where applicable.


53 | P a g e

• Long-term

• Wider, broader

view

• Realistic

• Local communities’

decision

• Collaboration

• Communication

• Clarity

• Standardise

guidelines

• Protection of the

resources

• Site specific

• Dependant on

many variables

• Monitoring

• Enforcement

• Balanced

approach

• Limited

environmental

impact

• Initiative - need

for champion

• Restrictions

• Awareness

• Quality of life

• Growth

• Stability

Figure 17: Lake Management Plan

Development

Planned Focused Sustainable Diversified

LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN


54 | P a g e

Development focus

After the primary and secondary data analysis, the following Figure 18 (below) was constructed

for the convenience of representation to illustrate the development focus that was identified for

the near future around the LSL region.

It consists of the following section:

• Public Access

• Recreational Activities

• Recreational Infrastructure

• Rentals and Repairs

• Utilities

• Residential & Commercial Development

This development focus is mainly based around improvement of infrastructure in the region.

However, it is important to note that for diversification of local economy for the LSL region the

focus should also be on Railway (railway road development), Agriculture and Forestry .


Utilities

Residential & Commercial

Development

• Public beach(es)

• Access to waterfront,

• Parking

• Marinas

• Regional water expansion

• Sanitary sewer system treatment

• Drinking water

• Expansion of rural water service

• Waste disposal

• Electricity

• Improvement of the communication network,

• Cell phones and Internet

• Housing

• Roads

• Sidewalks


Development Focus

Public Access

Recreational Activities

Recreational Infrastructure

Rentals & Repairs

Residential & Commercial

Development

Public beach(es)

waterfront,

• Hiking trails (ex. Northern trail)

• Mountain bike trails

• Cross country skiing

• Snow-shoeing

• Wilderness experience

• Recreational boating

• Riverboat etc.

• Campgrounds

• RV parks

• Cabin

• Hotels

• B&B

• Restaurants

• Fresh caught fish

• Stores,

• Golf course(s)

• Interpretive programs (signage)

55 | P a g e

Figure 18: Development Focus

trails (ex. Northern

Mountain bike trails

Cross country skiing

shoeing

Wilderness experience

Recreational boating

Riverboat etc.

Campgrounds

Fresh caught fish

Golf course(s)

Interpretive programs


Environmental Approach

It is important to note that the

Management Plan discussed on p.

Development portion shown

scheme below summarises four (4) dif

healthy, long lasting environment for lake inhabitants and its users.

Analyse , Monitor and Protect

CREATE

Regional collaboration

Development strategies

Clear guidelines & define processes

Operations adjustments (agricultural & industrial waste, logging practice)

Regulations

Restrictions

Inspections

MONITOR

Lake water level

Sedimentation

Illegal development



It is important to note that the Environmental Approach is closely correlated

discussed on p. 52. The environment is a significant part of the Sustainable

Development portion shown in the Figure 17: Lake Management Plan

four (4) dif ferent areas that are building blocks for maintaining a

healthy, long lasting environment for lake inhabitants and its users. These areas are

Protect . The key components of each area are summarised and listed

Figure 19: Environmental Approach

Development strategies

Clear guidelines & define processes

Operations adjustments (agricultural & industrial waste, logging practice)

ANALYSE

Cumulative impact

Lake assessments and studies

Raising awareness

Educating lake users

PROTECT

Watershed integrity

Biodiversity of ecosystems

Reduction of development pressure (ex. south shore)

Increase of environmental standards

Enforcement of rules and regulations

Environmental Approach to



56 | P a g e

closely correlated to the Lake

part of the Sustainable

on p. 53 above. The

that are building blocks for maintaining a

These areas are Create ,

. The key components of each area are summarised and listed.

: Environmental Approach

Lake assessments and studies

Educating lake users

Watershed integrity

Biodiversity of ecosystems

Reduction of development pressure

Increase of environmental standards

Enforcement of rules and regulations


57 | P a g e

Economic Growth

Economic Growth of the LSL region is reliant on the ability of the provincial and local

governments to create a Diversification of Local Economy in addition to the clear

understanding of the barriers that are created by Economic Variables for the region.

Economic Variables

Economic Growth of the LSL region is dependent

on many variables. Some of them that may

cause certain difficulties and restrains for the

regional development and growth in the near

future are: (1) Lack of Diversity of the local

economy; (2) Development Delays due to

downturn of oil prices or any other hold backs; (3)

Lack of Co-ordinating Effort by the federal,

provincial and municipal governments; (4) Rapid

Increase in Cost and Prolonged Development

Process ; (5) Cost of new or upgraded

Infrastructure for local municipalities; (6)

Seasonal Population Growth ; (7) Creation of a

favorable Atmosphere for Entrepreneurs ,

existing and new business in the region; (8) LSL

Water Level and Flow that effects downstream

industries

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

• Lack of Diversity (ex. downturn of oil prices) • Development Delays

• Lack of Co-ordinating Effort • Rapid Increase in Cost &

Prolonged Development Process • Cost of New / Upgraded

Infrastructure • Seasonal Population Growth (ex. shadow population, summer

visitors) • Creation of an Atmosphere for

Entrepreneurs

• Water Level & Flow (downstream industries)


58 | P a g e

Diversification of Local Economy

The LSL region is heavily sustained by mainly Oil and Gas, followed by Forestry and somewhat

Agriculture. In case of the downturn of the “main” industry of the region, the municipalities as

well as provincial government need to provide an alternative means to support local economy. It

is not something that can be achieve in a short period of time or created without any solid

grounds. Nevertheless, the region is rich on natural beauties, lakes, provincial parks and

culture. All these can be used to diversify the local economy.

It is not easy to achieve a diversification of the economy, especially when the focus was on the

heavy industry for so long. However, there are ways to correlate different industries in order to

provide support for down-turns of one and/or to bring extra revenue to the other. Considering

that Oil and Gas, Agriculture and Forestry are the main drivers of the LSL economy, the region

may centre on the following diversifications:

• Agritourism . This is one of the focuses of the GoA, Ministry of Culture and Tourism

right now. The consulting firm, Clear Think Group54 is currently conducting a study to

identify the best practise around the world in order to propose strategies and create a

relevant training for the Alberta Agritourism initiatives. This may help farmers to attract

visitors to their farms and provide an additional source of revenue especially during the

difficult times.

• Tourism. The other way to diversify the LSL local economy is to invest in further

development of tourism and different activities around the LSL. Those activates may be

passive ones that does not disturb or create discomfort for the local communities

around the lake. Recommendations are to avoid motor boats, quads trails that are

close to the Hamlets, town or First Nation Reserves. Examples for the motor sport can

be introduce on the north side rather than on the south. Motor boat launches can be

developed on the north-east or north side. Populated areas can benefit from the

canoeing, windsurfing or standup paddleboarding etc. In addition, this will help to

improve and reduce pressure of tourists and visitors’ concentration in one area. It will

provide a wide range of activates to the locals and visitors.

54 For more details please contact Keleigh Cormier (http://clearthinkinc.com/) or Ministry of Culture and Tourism


59 | P a g e

• Recreational facilities. Further improvement and adding a variety of different

recreational facilities for the local communities will improve the quality of life for locals

and will provide a good ground for attracting new businesses or residents to the area.

• Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering

a number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by

establishing easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that

increase the flow of tourists into the region. It provides another way for local

communities to stimulate entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already

touched on the proposed development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45

by the Trans Canada Trail that can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage

trails around the LSL region.

Collaboration

Throughout the research, the need for collaborative approach was mentioned frequently (p.

30, 47 & 52) and should be explored in more details. The primary data analysis identified a

significant lack of collaboration and co-operative effort between different government

jurisdictions, organizations and community representatives in the region. Nevertheless, the

majority believed that better structure and collaboration between authorit ies as well as a

clear understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities need to be defined. Even

though most agreed that it is a way forward, only minor steps were taken so far in order to

achieve it. One of the definitions of the collaboration states that “collaboration is a process

through which parties who see different aspects of a problem can constructively explore their

differences and search for solutions that go beyond their own limited vision of what is

possible. It is a process driven by multiple stakeholders that usually involves several

components55:

1) agreeing on a common purpose;

2) ensuring the process is both inclusive and transparent;

3) allowing participants to design the process;

4) promoting joint fact finding and creative problem-solving;

5) insisting on accountability;

55 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 16


60 | P a g e

6) developing an action plan; and

7) developing collaborative leadership”

On the other hand collaboration can also be considered as a process that is increasingly used

“to address complex, diffuse and contentious natural re source management and tourism

problems as a result of the confluence of the following factors56:

• Increased competition for natural resources, including the recognition of ecological uses,

has led to increased conflict in natural resource management, with collaborative

approaches being seen as an alternative to expensive legal approaches to resolving

conflict.

• As understanding of the complexity of natural and social systems increases, more

integrated responses to management must be developed that include a wider range of

government and non-government decision-makers and their associated capacities

for information and analysis.

• Many current environmental problems are a result of diffuse actions such as storm water

run-off, land-use change and habitat modification, which are not well addressed through

traditional regulatory actions. Therefore, a collaborative approach that generates broad-

scale participation is often better suited to fostering understanding and commitment

among a large number of decision-makers.

There are many different agencies and organisations with overlapping responsibilities around

the LSL region that were mentioned previously (p.37 & 74) with the overall “uneven focus” that

were point out on Figure 16: Organizations and Governing Bodies on p.38. It is argued that a

collaborative approach offers an opportunity to reduce funding waste and duplication, decrease

conflict and provide an ability to share data and expertise. “Nevertheless, it should be noted that

while collaborative approaches to resource management and tourism have substantial support,

there are also significant weaknesses in the approach that suggest that it should be seen as

complimentary with regulatory approaches rather than substitute57”.

56 Michaels, S (2001) Making collaborative watershed management work: The confluence of state and regional activities. Environmental Management 27 (1), 27-35; Margerum, R. D. & Whitall, D. (2004) The Challenges and implications of collaborative management on a river basin scale. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 47 (3) p. 408 57 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 16-7


The figure below shows the Collaboration Pyramid

It highlights the need for a champion

blocks consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a

input based on their knowledge and expertise.

inclusive and may include more representatives if needs be. This Collaborative Pyramid closely

correlates with the proposed creation


Collaboration Pyramid that was designed based on this research.

a champion to head and lead this unifying approach

consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a

input based on their knowledge and expertise. The building blocks that are listed are not


proposed creation of IMPC that was recommended on

Figure 20: Collaboration Pyramid

“Bu

ild

ing

blo

cks"


61 | P a g e

that was designed based on this research.

unifying approach . Its building

consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a valuable

The building blocks that are listed are not


on p.52.

Federal Government

Provincial Government

Municipalities

Towns

First Nations

Métis Settlements

Non-profit organizations

Chambers of commerce


62 | P a g e

Limitations

It is important to note that this study tried to include as many lake users and interested parties

as possible. However, due to the lack of time and, in some cased, lack of access to some of the

information and inability to meet face to face with First Nation representatives, the following

Study Limitations should be noted:

• Very limited First Nations data was included in this study, either in the primary or

secondary research data

• The study was designed to show an overall picture of the LSL Sustainable Development

for the region and does not stress every important aspect in details

• The study does not diminish expert advices that are given or might be given in the future

by ESRD, DFO or any other professional body. Each and every one of them needs to be

consulted prior any significant changes or improvements are to take place


63 | P a g e

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the primary and secondary research analyses the recommendations were identified

and presented in this section. They are based on the future Municipal Development

Strategies , an Environmental Approach to be taken, where the Development Focus needs

to be, and how it may be achieved through Collaboration . Furthermore, recommendations are

focused on the Diversification of the Local Economy as well as emphasize steps to be taken

in order to achieve it. In addition, different strategies proposed for the LSL Lake and Tourism

Management. This section summaries Six Strategic Priorities that were identified for the LSL

region development and propose the Stages to be taken in order to fulfill them.

Recommendations are:

Priority 1. Collaboration

Better structure and collaboration between differen t authorities as well as a clear

understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities need to be defined. Collaboration

approach can be achieved via: Inter-Municipal Planning Commission (IMPC)

IMPC that has a Collaboration Pyramid (p. 61) structure - a Champion , One Group , Unifying

Approach and Building Blocks (refer to Collaboration on p.59). Its building blocks consists of

multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a valuable input based on

their knowledge and expertise. Lack of organizations that provide economic and marketing

support for the rural communities of the LSL region (discussed on p. 37) stresses the need to

balance the regional focus. IMPC will be able to achieve that when representatives of different

communities participate in the region development.


64 | P a g e

Priority 2. Regional Lake Management Plan

Regional Lake Management Plan needs have the following components:

1) Development Strategies

Its four (4) key components are Planned , Focused , Sustainable and Diversified (p. 52).

2) Development focus

Focus on improving Public Access; adding Recreational Activities; advancing Recreational

Infrastructure; creating Rentals and Repairs; upgrading Utilities; encouraging Residential &

Commercial Development (p. 18, 41, 54 & 55).

3) Environmental Approach

Its four (4) different areas are Create , Analyse , Monitor and Protect (p.56).

The strategies to be used for Regional Lake Management Plan Development stress importance

of the collaborative approach (discussed on p. 30 & 63) and have three interpretations :

1. The systematic management of the various dimensions of the lake water – ground

water, surface water, quantity and quality

2. The management of the lake and its interactions with ot her systems – land and the

environment.

3. The management of the lake and its interactions with th e social and economic

environment – a sustainability approach.58”

Most of the private lands do not extend to the water edge , but to the legal bank only, this is

shown on land title used with survey plan for the property (p. 32) and until the amendment of the

title take place, “the natural, gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual encroachment of

water upon land increases the extent of the bed and shore owned by the Crown59”. The priority

is to review private land titles and clearly state the property boundaries. The possibility that

the water level changed over the years and created an extra shore that belongs to the crown is 58 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon p. 35-6 59 THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD


65 | P a g e

probable. Regulations can be proposed by Councillors to restrict that part of the extra shore

as a sensitive area and for the public use if the private owners rights are not violated (legal

advice is recommended). By doing that, private properties boundaries will be slightly further

from the lake water line and will create a better access to the lake shore for the public.

Seven principles 60 (p. 30) detailed in World Lake Vision can be considered as a road map for

achieving the transition to managing lakes for their sustainable use, which are:

Principle 1: A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the


Principle 2: A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and

management actions for sustainable lake use.

Principle 3: A long-term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake


Principle 4: Policy development and decision making for lake management should be

based on sound science and the best available information.

Principle 5: The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution

of conflicts among competing users of lake resources, taking into account the needs of

present and future generations and of nature.

Principle 6: Citizens and other stakeholders should be encouraged to participate

meaningfully in identifying and resolving critical lake problems.

Principle 7: Good governance, based on fairness, transparency and empowerment of

all stakeholders, is essential for sustainable lake use.

60 Source: available online http://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf


66 | P a g e

Priority 3. Supporting Entrepreneurs, Businesses an d Investors

One of the keys of the future strategic

development for BLC is to continue to

support and invest into the small and

medium entrepreneurial businesses in the area. Even though, those businesses will not

provide substantial revenue for the county compared to the big players, they create stability and

employment, and also give that extra edge and illuminate the rural communities. Moreover, the

municipality need to reach out not only to the local investors but try to promote the region on

provincial, federal and international level . It can be achieve through participation in different

conferences, meetings and networking events where municipal representatives provide a clear

and focus framework that represents the region.

Priority 4. Marketing

Marketing is the solution for any organization

whether it is private business or the community.

With clear objectives and strategic planning for the region, marketing can provide an extra

support to the local businesses and create a better representation of the rural area. There are

many different way to market the LSL region, some of them are:

• The GoA Marketing Support. GoA offers different support and grants to advertise rural

destinations via Travel Alberta website; summer, winter and avenue magazines;

tripadvisor; Facebook promotions; themed newspaper advertorials; community

newsletters and custom e-blasts. In addition, they make professional photos to be used

for this purpose. By doing that, the LSL region will start to appear in its best light

throughout the province, Canada and other countries. This, on the other hand, may

spark an interest not only for visitors to come but invertors into the region.

• The Northern Lakes College. The college can be used as a resource to support and

help municipalities to retain businesses by providing relevant training and courses as

well as attracting students that may stay and continue to work and live in the area.


67 | P a g e

However, in order to achieve that the municipalities need to work closely with the college

to create a strategic plan by clearly identifying their focus, aim and objectives.

• Conferences. It is imperative to have the LSL representatives attending and

representing the region at different conferences around the province and in some cases

internationally examples are Growing Rural Tourism, FCM's Annual Conference and

Trade Show, GROW conference etc.)

• Vibrant website to promote the LSL region as a tourism destination by including as

many businesses and local amenities as possible

After the report was completed by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation in 2012 on potential

demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta61 the following

obstacles were highlighted:

• Lack of the “buzz” about rural destinations that are advertised mostly by word of

mouth and mainly lost compared to big cities, mountain parks and international

destinations

• A better roadside signage for activities, attractions and visitor information centres

• A better image of “Rural Alberta”

Priority 5. Diversification of Local Economy

It is not easy to achieve a diversification of

the economy, especially when the focus

was on the heavy industry for so long (p. 11). However, there are ways to correlate different

industries in order to provide support for down-turns of one and/or to bring extra revenue to the

other. The margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the income of more than 57%

(average) of people earning less than $40,000 a year in 2010 (p. 8). Considering that Oil and

Gas, Agriculture and Forestry are the main drivers of the LSL economy, the region may centre

on the following:

61 Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, Potential demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta. Exploratory qualitative research, 2012


68 | P a g e

• Agritourism . This is one of the focuses of the GoA, Ministry of Culture and Tourism

right now. The consulting firm, Clear Think Group62 is currently conducting a study to

identify the best practise around the world in order to propose strategies and create a

relevant training for the Alberta Agritourism initiatives. This may help farmers to attract

visitors to their farms and provide an additional source of revenue especially during the

difficult times

• Tourism. The other way to diversify the LSL local economy is to invest in further

development of tourism and different activities around the LSL. Those activates may be

passive ones that does not disturb or create discomfort for the local communities

around the lake. Four good reasons to promote tourism industry development are (1) it

is an industry with remarkable multiplicative effects on the economy ; (2) and with an

intense employment effect ; (3) it brings prosperity and wellbeing to regions and

(4) has growth potential. Recommendations are to avoid motor boats, quads trails that

are close to the Hamlets, town or First Nation Reserves. Examples for the motor sport

can be introduce on the north side rather than on the south. Motor boat launches can be

allowed on the north-east or north side. Populated areas can benefit from the canoeing,

windsurfing or standup paddleboarding etc. In addition, this will help to improve and

reduce pressure of tourists and visitors’ concentration in one area. It will provide a wide

range of activates to the locals and visitors that are located around the lake and not

mainly on the south side

• Recreational facilities. Further improvement and adding a variety of different

recreational facilities for the local communities will improve the quality of life for locals

and will provide a good ground for attracting new businesses or residents to the area

• Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering

a number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by

establishing easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that

increase the flow of tourists into the region. It provides another way for local

communities to stimulate entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already

touched on the proposed development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45

62 For more details please contact Keleigh Cormier (http://clearthinkinc.com/) or Ministry of Culture and Tourism


69 | P a g e

by the Trans Canada Trail that can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage

trails around the LSL region.

With only an average annual population growth of 0.038% for the region (p. 3), municipalities

need to consider using Contemporary Strategy mentioned in this study on p. 11, 27 & 46 that

will benefit to the region by providing an opportunity to attract new residents and entrepreneurs

to the region that consists of the following steps:









Priority 6. Sustainable Tourism Strategies for the LSL region

One of the biggest assets for the

region is the Lesser Slave Lake (LSL)

which not only provides water supply but also offers a recreational retreat for many locals and

visitors. A study on the Potential Demand for rural vacation experience in Alberta by residents of

Alberta in June 2012 highlighted that northern and central Alberta were frequently visited for

lakeside camping (p. 16). The tourism activities on and around the lake is in demand so it is

crucial to consider Sustainable Tourism Strategies in order to protect the lake for the

generations to come.

The following management practises are necessary to manage and support sustainable lake

development for future recreation and tourism63 (p. 47):

63 Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview Press, Clevedon, p. 37


70 | P a g e













The Model of Sustainable Wellbeing Destination (p. 28) is a good road map for sustainable

tourism and attraction development around the LSL:

• Supporting Wellbeing Resources and Factors (Infrastructure, superstructure, hospitality,

destination atmosphere (a sense of a place))

• Core Wellbeing Resource and Attractions (Unique wellbeing destination features: natural

and cultural resources, traditional healing, therapeutic)

• Wellbeing Destination Policy and Planning (Strategic planning, vision, goals, policies

network collaborations, monitoring and evaluation)

• Wellbeing Destination Development and Management (Human resources, training,

education, networks of actors and quality programs)

• Sustainable Wellbeing Tourism Destination

Moreover, better gathering and analysis of the local visitor numbers , expenditure and

interest for the future tourism and recreation stra tegies are essential to provide a strong

driver for economic growth across the whole region.

The following points were interlined as future tourism development focus that tightly intertwine

with priorities discussed previously:


71 | P a g e

• need for a development of the public beach (es) on the west side of the lake

• more options with regards to Cabins, Hotels, B&Bs with the possibility to develop to


rather than camping

• guided water sport activities on the lake and more options for rental and diversity of

water recreation

• possibility of Golf course development on the north or west side away from the lake


• better marketing , printed and online materials for the local events, museums and

cultural retreats

• attracting seasonal or permanent businesses to provide good quality catering

options, especially during the peak summer season

Three Stages of Strategic Development of the LSL Re gion:

STAGE 1. Establishment of Inter-Municipal Planning Commission with Collaboration Approach

STAGE 2. Development of the Regional Lesser Slave Lake Management Plan; and Sustainable

Tourism Development Strategies for the region

STAGE 3. Creation of different programs and support for the local businesses and

entrepreneurs; marketing initiatives; and advocating and promoting diversification

To conclude, rapid economic growth of the region and fast development of the communities

around the LSL require stronger organisational and regulatory planning initiatives, a clear

framework outline, and also short term and long term goals to be addressed and executed

under a simple but organized and productive structure by municipalities. A statutory process like

IMPC would greatly assist in the overall control and development of the whole lake and its

surrounding areas. The IMPC should include all municipalities adjacent to the lake. These are

BLC, the MD of LSR and the Town of Slave Lake. First Nations and Metis Settlements could be

a part of this IMPC if they are willing to participate in this initiative.


72 | P a g e

Appendices


73 | P a g e

Appendix 1.

Organizations and Communities


Appendix 1. Organizations and Communities


ALSC is an organization that support

assists better understanding of healthy eco

systems, supporting community stewardship

and encouraging the development of

practices and policies that support

sustainable resource use. They provide

and information resource services in order to

be able to engage, inform and enable their

members to be better stewards of their land.

Their core programs and services include:

• Alberta Stewardship Network

• Conservation Easement Registry

• Conservation Land Registry

• Green Acreages Guide

• Green Communities Guide

• Watershed Stewardship Grant Program

• Septic Sense: Solutions for Rural Living (pilot program)


Appendix 1. Organizations and Communities


ALSC is an organization that supports and

better understanding of healthy eco-

systems, supporting community stewardship

aging the development of

practices and policies that support

sustainable resource use. They provide tools

services in order to

be able to engage, inform and enable their

members to be better stewards of their land.

grams and services include:

Alberta Stewardship Network

Conservation Easement Registry

Conservation Land Registry

Green Acreages Guide

Green Communities Guide

Watershed Stewardship Grant Program

Septic Sense: Solutions for Rural Living (pilot program)


74 | P a g e



The purpose of ALMS is to promote

understanding and comprehensive

management of lakes and reservoirs and their

watersheds.

Their objectives are:

• Undertake the collection of data and information to increase

and management options; share and disseminate information and experiences on all

aspects of lake and watershed management

• Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their

watersheds by offering courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and

disseminating information on that topic; by providing occasional scholarships or

bursaries for educational purposes which foster research or the advancement of

knowledge in aquatic sciences.

• Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote

lake and watershed management and/or encourage the protection of lakes and

watersheds.

• Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and indivi

concerned with lakes and lake

Their programs are:

• LakeWatch (a volunteer

who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reserv

• Alberta Water Quality Awareness (AWQA) (a province

increasing people’s awareness and understanding of water quality and watershed

health, through hands-

• Aquatic plant monitoring program (monitor macroph

occurrences of invasive aquatic plants in Alberta’s lakes)



The purpose of ALMS is to promote

understanding and comprehensive

management of lakes and reservoirs and their

Undertake the collection of data and information to increase knowledge of lake functions


aspects of lake and watershed management

Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their

g courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and



knowledge in aquatic sciences.

Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote


Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and indivi

concerned with lakes and lake-watershed improvement and protection.

LakeWatch (a volunteer-based water quality monitoring program offered to Albertans

who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reserv

Alberta Water Quality Awareness (AWQA) (a province-wide program focused on


-on water quality testing)

Aquatic plant monitoring program (monitor macrophyte diversity and to identify any

occurrences of invasive aquatic plants in Alberta’s lakes)


75 | P a g e

knowledge of lake functions


Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their

g courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and



Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote


Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and individuals

watershed improvement and protection.

based water quality monitoring program offered to Albertans

who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reservoir)

wide program focused on


yte diversity and to identify any


• Citizen science - IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a

program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze a

thaw data from lakes across Canada); Stream Monitoring (ALMS is developing protocols

to allow citizens to monitor streams in Alberta); Invasive Species Monitoring (help

monitor lakes for the presence of adult zebra or quagga mussels)

• Lake Management

Association of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)

ASVA was formed as a non

Villages in the Province of Alberta. ASVA represents the interests of its members in dealings

with the provincial governmen

ASVA also undertakes special initiatives such as the Lake Stewardship Guide to assist its

members in dealing with some of the challenges facing Alberta's lake communities.

Their goals are:

• Advocacy:

o Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer

villages and promotes the collective position of summer villages to decision

makers, members and stakeholders


IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a

program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze a



monitor lakes for the presence of adult zebra or quagga mussels)

sociation of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)

n-profit association to provide a common forum for all Summer


with the provincial government as well as those between ASVA and other organizations.



Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer


makers, members and stakeholders


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IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a

program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze and



profit association to provide a common forum for all Summer


t as well as those between ASVA and other organizations.



Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer



77 | P a g e

o Participation on Provincial Issues and Initiatives – ASVA partners with all levels

of government, municipalities, industry, stakeholder groups, to resolve issues /

challenges

o Advocate summer villages working together to build common solutions

o Effectively and transparently manage the ASVA as a high profile municipal

association accepted and recognized by our sister associations, other

municipalities, and the provincial government.

• Communication:

o Provides useful, reliable information tailored to the specific needs of summer

villages

o Keeps up-to-date on social media as a tool for communications (website, etc)

• Education:

o Organizing Annual Conference – bring together skills, provide experts to advise

on governance and stewardship

o Provides access to a variety of resources (e.g. bylaw templates)

o Supports solutions that help summer villages meet their sustainable objectives

o Provide education resources to support summer villages in their role as

environmental stewards



This non-profit organisation provides support and gui

business owners by helping to turn their business ideas into the reality in rural Alberta for over

25 years. Mainly staffed by business professionals and guided by a volunteer Board of

Directors.

The services include:

• wide range of business

loan options

• training courses

• personal business

coaching

• and networking events

Community Futures targets strengthening and diversifying of rural economies. They work

closely with community leaders and stakeholders to create commu

plans. They support implementation of projects with value

new sectors. They help with broad business retention and succession planning strategies.

Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gov

DFO has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters

including lakes. It provides science and research on water, fisheries, ecosystems and aquatic

species as well as maintaining federal harbour.

specified earlier in this study, in Section II. Historical Trends, Tourism Facilities, Attractions and

their Capabilities, Level of Occupancy on p.



profit organisation provides support and guidance for entrepreneurs and small



wide range of business

and networking events


closely with community leaders and stakeholders to create community economic development

plans. They support implementation of projects with value-added activities and expansion into


Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gov ernment of Canada

has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters


species as well as maintaining federal harbour. Three (3) are located around the LSR as were


their Capabilities, Level of Occupancy on p. 18.


78 | P a g e

dance for entrepreneurs and small




nity economic development

added activities and expansion into


ernment of Canada (DFO)

has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters


Three (3) are located around the LSR as were



Ducks Unlimited (DUC)

DUC specialise in the wetland conservation.

By using sound science, they deliver on

ground habitat conservation projects, research,

education programs and public policy work to

conserve, restore and manage wetlands.

Programs that they offer are:

• Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)

• Wetland Restoration programs

• Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of

government and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation

objectives)

• Landowner Relations programs

• Upland Restoration programs

• Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)

• Native Plant Solutions.

Lesser Slave Forest Education Society (LSFES)

The Society is working in partnership with

Lesser Slave Watershed Council to deliver

curriculum based watershed and wetland

education to schools in the region including field

trips. One forth of this educational programming

concentrates on water.


DUC specialise in the wetland conservation.

By using sound science, they deliver on-the-

ground habitat conservation projects, research,

education programs and public policy work to

store and manage wetlands.

Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)

Wetland Restoration programs

Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of

and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation

Landowner Relations programs

Upland Restoration programs

Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)

Native Plant Solutions.

Education Society (LSFES)

The Society is working in partnership with

Lesser Slave Watershed Council to deliver

curriculum based watershed and wetland

education to schools in the region including field

trips. One forth of this educational programming


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Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)

Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of

and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation

Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)



LSLEA is a government supported group and part of the economic development initiative of

Government of Alberta (GoA) that are party funded by gran

There are eleven (11) alliances like this in Alberta at the moment where membership is

voluntary. The advantage of

with these large organisations is

one has that shared goal of looking at things

at regional strategic bases from economic

development prospective. They have the

critical mass of numbers, the talent, and also

a collective will of a large geographical area

to do things and offer a much better place to

act.

Prior to 2011 these organizations were s

GoA and when that administrative support was removed, some of these organizations were not

able to set their own direction. LSLEA is one of the last ones among them to come along, so

organization has not been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic

planning. Currently the organisation members include five

settlements and three (3) other communities and regional organizations. The main role of

organisation is to provide a network platform and encourage collaboration and communications

between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten

alliances and can utilise their knowledge and expertises. The

strengthen regional economy. Key sections that the organization currently concentrates on are:

• Oil and Gas

• Construction

• Retail

• Agriculture

• Forestry

• and Tourism




Government of Alberta (GoA) that are party funded by grants from GoA and memberships’ cost.


dvantage of working closely

these large organisations is that each

one has that shared goal of looking at things

strategic bases from economic

development prospective. They have the

critical mass of numbers, the talent, and also

a collective will of a large geographical area

a much better place to

Prior to 2011 these organizations were supported by up to two full time staff members from the



ot been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic

planning. Currently the organisation members include five (5) municipalities, three

other communities and regional organizations. The main role of


between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten

alliances and can utilise their knowledge and expertises. The goal is to work together to



80 | P a g e


and memberships’ cost.


upported by up to two full time staff members from the



ot been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic

municipalities, three (3) Métis

other communities and regional organizations. The main role of the


between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten (10)

goal is to work together to



Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC)

LSLIRC was established in 1971 and now

consists of five First Nations including Driftpile,

Kapaweno, Sawridge, Sucker Creek and Swan

River First Nations that live around

council was created to improve econo

social conditions of First Nation people in the area

where the need for a united approach was recognised

in order to achieve that goal.

Their Mission is:

• to encourage economic development

• to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic

development

• to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social

development


LSLRT is no longer operational. This organisation used to provide tourism marketing support for

the LSL region by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing

travel guides. Currently, different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights

marketing tools and materials as well as how

64 Tourism Meeting, March 24, 2015, arranged by RABC, Slave Lake


Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC) – First Nations

in 1971 and now

consists of five First Nations including Driftpile,

Kapaweno, Sawridge, Sucker Creek and Swan

River First Nations that live around the LSL. The

council was created to improve economic and

t Nation people in the area

where the need for a united approach was recognised

to encourage economic development

to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic

to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social



by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing

different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights

marketing tools and materials as well as how to continue LSLRT practise in th

Tourism Meeting, March 24, 2015, arranged by RABC, Slave Lake


81 | P a g e

to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic

to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social


by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing

different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights to

to continue LSLRT practise in the region64.



The Group was designated as the Watershed

Planning and Advisory Council (WPAC) by

the Government of Alberta (GoA)

a part of the provincial climate change

strategy. The council consist

and board members that work closely with

provincial government officials to provide

guidance and maintain the healthy

environment of Lesser Slave Watershed.

Alberta Environment and Sustainable

Resource Development (ESRD) supports the

LSWC in reporting on the health of

and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region.

LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan tha

schedule to be completed by March 2015 and submitted to ESRD for approval. One of the roles

of a WPAC is to provide recommendations to stakeholders and government for watershed

related policy and best management practices. The council is building awar

ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal o

lake stewards of the people living in the region.

These programs include:

• Green Acreage Guide Workshop

home to lessen their impact and footprint on the watershed and environment.

• Riparian Restoration Project.

riparian enhancement work. Three (3) top

degradation, potential impact to the watershed, willingness of landowner to work on a

restoration plan if the funding is approved by Water Restoration and Resiliency Program

for 2015.

• Living by Water. The p

residents to sign up for a confidential home site consultation with Living by Water



The Group was designated as the Watershed

Planning and Advisory Council (WPAC) by

the Government of Alberta (GoA) in 2007 and

a part of the provincial climate change

strategy. The council consists of volunteers

and board members that work closely with

provincial government officials to provide

guidance and maintain the healthy

environment of Lesser Slave Watershed.

Alberta Environment and Sustainable

Resource Development (ESRD) supports the

ting on the health of the LSL and the watershed through research, monitoring

and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region.

LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan tha



related policy and best management practices. The council is building awar

ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal o

the people living in the region.

Green Acreage Guide Workshop. Its purpose is to engage people in taking action at


Riparian Restoration Project. Its intent is to identify and prioritize sites that require

riparian enhancement work. Three (3) top priority sites will be selected based on level of



The program is promoted throughout 2015 and will engage lakeshore



82 | P a g e

LSL and the watershed through research, monitoring

and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region. The

LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan that is



related policy and best management practices. The council is building awareness and provides

ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal of making better

purpose is to engage people in taking action at


intent is to identify and prioritize sites that require

priority sites will be selected based on level of



promoted throughout 2015 and will engage lakeshore



83 | P a g e

Technician; custom reports will be presented afterwards with suggestions for short and

long term actions to minimize human impact on the lake.

Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Alberta

Alberta Culture and Tourism supports the development and sustainability of Alberta’s cultural

industries, tourism, the arts, heritage and non-profit/ voluntary sector. Ministry’s programs,

services and grants focus on building a vibrant culture sector, marketing Alberta as a world-

class destination and promoting active, healthy lifestyles for the benefit of Alberta’s families,

communities, visitors and investors now and in the future.

Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource De velopment, Alberta (ESRD)

ESRD are stewards of air, land, water and biodiversity including fish and wildlife, parks and

forests. They lead the achievement of desired environmental outcomes and sustainable

development of natural resources for Albertans. They provide educational resources,

environmental tool guidelines and recreation resources.


Municipalities (The Town of High Prairie, BLC,

Municipalities play an important

statutory Land-use Bylaws, develop plans and

they provide public support, i

development and utilities as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible

to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community

development.

65 Source: The Town of High Prairie website66 Source: Big Lakes County 67 Source: The Town of Slave Lake 68 Source: Municipal District of Lesser S


of High Prairie, BLC, The Town of Slave Lake,

s play an important role in planning and development for the region. They provide

use Bylaws, develop plans and responsible for their enforcement

they provide public support, industry support (like Agriculture and Tourism

as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible

to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community

65

67

of High Prairie website

Slave River website


84 | P a g e

of Slave Lake, The MD of LSR)

evelopment for the region. They provide

responsible for their enforcement. In addition,

like Agriculture and Tourism), economic

as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible

to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community and overall

66

68


Nature Alberta

Nature Alberta is a natural history organization that studies plants and / or animals, using

observational rather than experimental methods.

The programs that they offer are:

• Bird Conservation

• Citizen Science & Database

• Living By Water

Private Land Developers ( Sub

There are several private land developments

around the LSL. Those include Hilliard’s Bay

Estates Inc on the north side of the lake, RedSky

and Shadow Creek development near Joussard

on the south side, Poplar Poi

Inc and Sunset Park Recreational Subdivision

near Kinuso. All have the

responsibilities for the waste management and

water supply. There seems to be a lack of

controls when it comes to garbage,

vehicle amenities, boat launches

private developments

69 Source: http://www.sunsetpark.ca



observational rather than experimental methods.

rograms that they offer are:

Bird Conservation

Citizen Science & Database

Living By Water

Sub-divisions)

There are several private land developments

around the LSL. Those include Hilliard’s Bay

Estates Inc on the north side of the lake, RedSky

and Shadow Creek development near Joussard

Poplar Point Developments

and Sunset Park Recreational Subdivision

near Kinuso. All have their own structure,

for the waste management and

There seems to be a lack of other

when it comes to garbage, off road

ies, boat launches etc. for some


85 | P a g e


69



SARDA is an organization that specialises in agricultural research. In addition, they also

oversee province-wide initiatives

management and risk management strategies in wheat and other cereals, the GPS industrial

site monitoring project, and the Alberta

forage industry network. They provide a

wide variety of applied research and

forage-related projects through its

member Associations, some of these

include (but are not limited to):

• Local variety trials

• Livestock and forage management

• Seeding methods

• Fertilizer comparisons

• Pest management

• Weed management

• Watering systems

• Pasture management




wide initiatives including the sustainable regional variety trials, integrated pest


site monitoring project, and the Alberta

forage industry network. They provide a

lied research and

related projects through its

member Associations, some of these

include (but are not limited to):

Livestock and forage management

Fertilizer comparisons


86 | P a g e


including the sustainable regional variety trials, integrated pest



Regional Forest Advisory Committee

Committee provides support to seven (7) regions in Alberta

in developing the Land-use Framework.

Upper Athabasca region (Error! Reference source not

found. , p. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Framework agreement is planned to commence in 2017 and

to be completed by the end of the 2018.

The framework is based on Integrated Resource

Management System and will focus on:

• Strategies to manage cumulative effects of

development

• Economic future for the region

• Conservation of Valued Landscapes

• Infrastructure and community sustainability to

support population growth and labor force needs

• Increased opportunities for recreation / tourism and

culture

• Managing impacts to

traditional land uses

Land-use Framework targets three core outcomes (1)

healthy economy, (2) healthy ecosystem and environment, and (3) people friendly communities

that have ample recreation and cultural opportunities

70 Whitecourt RFAC Meeting, November 6, 2014, Minutes


Regional Forest Advisory Committee , Whitecourt (RFAC)

Committee provides support to seven (7) regions in Alberta

use Framework. BLC is located in

Error! Reference source not

Error! Bookmark not defined. ), its Land-use

Framework agreement is planned to commence in 2017 and

to be completed by the end of the 2018.

The framework is based on Integrated Resource

Management System and will focus on:

Strategies to manage cumulative effects of

Economic future for the region

Conservation of Valued Landscapes

Infrastructure and community sustainability to

support population growth and labor force needs

Increased opportunities for recreation / tourism and

Managing impacts to Aboriginal groups and

use Framework targets three core outcomes (1)


that have ample recreation and cultural opportunities70.

Whitecourt RFAC Meeting, November 6, 2014, Minutes


87 | P a g e



88 | P a g e

Figure 21: Upper Athabasca Region: Counties and Municipal Districts


89 | P a g e

Appendix 2.

Interview Questionnaire


90 | P a g e

Appendix 2. Interview Questionnaire

Future development / other opportunities:

1. Do you favour or oppose to further development on the Lesser Slave Lake lakeside and

why?

2. In your opinion, do changes need to be made to make sure that development on the lake

is more controlled? If yes, what kind?

3. What businesses / facilities / infrastructure etc., if any, would you consider being a

priority and need to be developed around the lakeside in the next 5 years?

Environmental impact:

4. What are the key issues that need to be immediately addressed, if any, that caused

and/or might cause environmental impact on the lake and its lakeside?

5. In your opinion, what needs to be done in order to prevent further environmental impact

on the lake and its lakeside?

6. What do you think should be done to improve current lake management?

Economic growth:

7. What do you think is the biggest challenge facing communities around Lesser Slave

Lake in the next five years?

8. Do you think the low oil prices will have a significant impact on the rural communities of

the MD of Big Lakes?

9. What is your view on this Lesser Slave Lake sustainable development initiative started

by the MD of Big Lakes?

Organizations and collaboration:

10. In your opinion, is Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance a necessary and required

organisation?

11. In your view, is Lesser Slave Watershed Council a useful and necessary organisation?


91 | P a g e

12. Do you feel that there is a co-operative effort by Municipalities around Lesser Slave Lake

in regards to regional Planning and Development?

13. Should the lake fall under Federal, Provincial or Municipal govern or a combination of?

General:

14. In your opinion, are there other important concerns that you feel need to be addressed

that were not covered in the previous questions? What other matters would you like to

comment on?


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Appendix 3.

Primary Research Findings


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Appendix 3. Primary Research Findings

The research was undertaken upon the request of BLC with terms and conditions set in the

letter of agreement between BLC and the consultant. Semi-directed interviews were carried out

in March and April, 2015. An initial set of interviewees were identified by BLC as local experts in

the LSL region. Subsequent interviewees were identified through chain referral methods and by

recommendation of BLC staff. Interview questions were focusing on Future Development,

Environmental Impact, Economic Growth, and Collaboration Appendix 2. Interview

Questionnaire p. 89). The results were categorised for convenience and cross-referenced with

the secondary source analysis presented earlier in this paper (p. 3, 30 & 40).

In total twenty nine (29) people were interviewed (Appendix 4. List of Interview’s Participants on

p. 106) out of forty five (45) individuals that were contacted initially; seven (7) out of which

declined participation and nine (9) did not respond to the initial request. After thorough analysis

of the interviews’ responses the findings are presented below.

Future Development

Most of the participants were in favour of further development around the LSL (sixty nine

percent (69%) were in favour, twenty one percent (21%) opposed if no changes were made to

current development practice and ten percent (10%) preferred not to comment) if the

development is done in an ordinary, planned manner and within all legal aspects following the

land use bylaws. However the following points were highlighted, that need to be addressed:

• Land and / or water access difficulties ; limited public use; need for a public beach

• Long-term planning and focused effort. Development is inevitable and proper planning

is required to have better control of it. If not addressed at an early stage, it can create a

development disaster. Identification of what is needed and starting working towards it.

“Being proactive actually encourages development” (Interview No. 13, March 23rd, 2015)

• Sustainable development. A balanced approach that adds to quality of life of the local

communities and based on communities’ decision (including Municipalities, First Nations

and Métis settlements in the region) and limits environmental impact


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• “Development is a site specific” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015) and dependant on

many variables that need to be looked at individually based on development itself, for

example some development should not be done in close proximity to the lake, like Oil

and Gas, Agriculture and Forestry.

• Diversification of local economy. Local economy mostly relies on Oil and Gas and

Forestry. Development is needed to improve local economy that is somewhat stagnant

around the region by creating growth and stability to hamlets and towns. It offers new job

opportunities and attracts newcomers to the region. However, the way diversification is

pursued highlights the need for a champion, ex. the lake is a great resource and a

tourism asset that is underutilised right now, specifically on the north shore

Those who are opposed to further development on the lake highlighted the following concerns:

• Development requires stricter guidelines - “From the view of lake sustainability I don't

think that further development on the south shore of the LSL is a good thing unless the

way we develop is significantly improved. Although current policy follows the

recommended setback etc. the lake is not being protected.” (Interview No. 6, March 11th,

2015)

• Development is happening too fast and is too costly for the County, ex. water, sewage,

roads, recreation and others, developers should pay for the portion of it

• Proper restrictions placed on environmentally sensitive la nd , riparian areas,

waterways. At present these restrictions are not enforced and also consistency is a

problem in following by-laws and enforcing those laws

The majority of the participants supported better, more controlled development around the lake

(fifty eight percent (58%) said yes, twenty one percent (21%) opposed to further restrictions and

twenty one percent (21%) preferred not to comment):

• Control on agricultural operations, acreage development, limited development without

proper servicing (ex. condominium subdivisions), regional water supply

• Standardise guidelines between all levels of government control around the lake –

ERSD, Public, County(ies); Collaboration and communication between different

government authorities and local communities around the lake


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• Overarching philosophy . Understanding of the delicate balance between development

and protection of the resources, controlling growth and over-crowdedness, raising

awareness and ensuring that the law and regulations are enforced

• Lake Management Plan. A policy framework that works for all developers, adding

Consistency, Planning (“Identification of potential development interests vs the public

interest – present and future” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015)), Monitoring and

Environment regulations

Points raised that cause problems with current development regulations for developers:

• Overly controlled . Difficulty dealing with different levels of the government, takes longer

than should to develop which creates barriers for new businesses and development

opportunities – “Better awareness of all regulations affecting development” (Interview 29,

April 29th, 2015). This highlights the need for clarity.

• Provincial Park areas are fairly controlled and some relaxation is preferable , ex.

proposition to clean up some areas for the beach(es), creating more passive recreation

and tourism development in the park areas around the lake

• Fairly controlled right now. Municipal Planning Commission (MPC) is currently working

on new standards, “...everything is there to do it properly, water, sewer, we just have to

make sure that the developer does it right because there is every opportunity there to do

it right...” (Interview No. 19, March 25th, 2015)

• Locals are generally better stewards of the land for the future and should partake in

its preservation and sustainability in more active, reinforcing way and avoid being self-

serving

Businesses, facilities and infrastructure that are considered to be a priority and need to be

developed in the next five (5) years:

• Public Access (public beach(es) and access to waterfront, parking and marinas)

• Recreational Activities (hiking trails, mountain bike trails, cross country skiing, show-

shoeing, wilderness experience; recreational boating which is currently mainly restricted

to fishing, riverboat ex. running from Slave Lake via Hamlets along the south side of the

lake)


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• Recreational Infrastructure (campgrounds, RV parks, cabin - “...some of which can be

enhanced and/or improved.” (Interview No. 2, March 2nd, 2015), hotels, B&B,

restaurants, ability to sell freshly caught fish; stores, golf courses on the north and on the

south side of the lake (potential demand due to recent lots development around the lake

that would increase the summer visitor numbers) & Illumination (ex. interpretive

programs like signage that tells stories about trees, water, shrubs, birds, flowers etc)

• Rentals (boats, kayaks, mountain bike, snowshoes, skis etc.) & Repairs (boat motors,

boats, bikes etc.)

• Utilities (regional water expansion, “water and waste water facility upgrades to

accommodate shadow populations in lakeshore hamlets during the summer months”

(Interview No. 6, March 11th, 2015), sanitary sewer system treatment, drinking water,

expansion of rural water service, waste disposal. “Better access to electricity, and

improvement of the communication network, cell phones and Internet” (Interview No. 27,

March 31st, 2015)

• Residential and commercial development (housing, roads, sidewalks, walking, biking

and quad trails)

Environmental Impact

Issues raised that need to be immediately addressed:

• Long-term sustainable development plan (Lake Management Plan) which considers

protection of water quality and its habitats in order for the lake to remain pristine, not

polluted. Better stewardship and control of private development ( ex. floating docks) as

well as to make sure that infrastructure is there and nothing leaks into the lake

• Restrictions placed on environmentally sensitive la nd , riparian areas, waterways

that apply to all surrounding communities. “Removal and loss of natural, vegetated

shoreline is the biggest threat to the LSL water quality over time. The riparian area does

not end at the surveyed bed and shore line. In some areas the riparian area is 100

meters or more back from the lake. This vegetated area filters runoff - reducing erosion,

removed nutrients, sediments and stores water - replenishing groundwater... The

riparian area of all rivers and creeks in the the MD need to be managed in such a way

that they are filtering water that is entering Lesser Slave Lake.” (Interview No. 6, March

11th, 2015)


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• Algae that can be brought from other provinces which creates a need for boats and

moto-crafts inspections on major highways coming in to the province (will be mandatory

in the near future)

• Better “understanding of what the cumulative impact is (on the lake) of these (new)

developments” (Interview No. 2, March 4th, 2015); “Rise of siltation from terrestrial

activities” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015)

• Improvement of sewage treatment processes to reduce the amount of Phosphorus

entering the lake. Better control of what is going into the lake, live stock operations

adjustment, ex. fencing, “(there are) a lot of farmers that still graze their cattle along the

rivers (and creeks)” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd, 2015), agricultural impact (fertilizer),

industrial waste clean-up, proper waste disposal

• Maintaining the lake water level , understanding an impact of sedimentation,

deforestation and forest fires. Introducing runoffs, restoration of the watershed integrity

and protection of the biodiversity of ecosystems

• Reduction of pressure on the south side of the lake that is already significantly

developed, “inappropriate or illegal development needs to be addressed” (Interview No.

17, March 24th, 2015) or development to close to the lake

To prevent a future negative environmental impact on the lake the following was proposed:

• Development strategies (an environmental impact program) supported by studies and

assessments of what is there right now as well as “consideration of ultimate build out”

(Interview 29, April 29th, 2015). Those are tied up with Lake Management Plan and

Intermunicipal Development Plan for the entire shore and renewed annually

• Sustained, organised regulations in combination with overseeing what development is

going to happen to maintain a good balance. Increase of environmental standards and

development of clear guidelines.

• Collaboration and communication with First Nations, Métis Settlements, local

Municipalities, Federal government and ESRD that would follow the same guidelines.

• Enforcement of the rules that are in place, “...the proper monitoring systems are in

place for new and existing development.” (Interview No. 27, March 31st, 2015)

• Raising awareness and educating lake users. “Riparian restoration and enhancement”

(Interview No. 6, March 11th, 2015)


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• Industries control , ex. “Logging practice; large clear-cut parcels ... Non-agricultural

pesticides and herbicides ... Effluent risk” (Interview 29, April 29th, 2015)

To improve current lake management the following has been proposed:

• Wider, broader view / approach needs to be taken that consists of different parties’

opinions

• “Provincially -... Lake Management Framework . ... Municipally - A Lake Management

Plan with all the players involved. ... Watershed - ... LSWC will be leading the

development of an integrated Watershed Management Plan.” (Interview No. 6, March

11th, 2015); “...any effective planning initiative ... got to have a good information base -

data information base, .. (that) got to shore up any data gaps... Maybe ... approach (it)

as Land Use Framework where ... the information gathered ..., connect the information

and data, and ... pull that together in a lake assessment or profile, obviously ... a working

group (required) ... to facilitate that. ... some kind of group that would have the

representative across the board (MD, County, Hamlets, First Nations, Métis Settlements,

Provincial Government representatives, non-for-profit organisations etc) to be able to

pull that together and then initiate the planning, coordinating it with all the players at the

table.” (Interview No. 2, March 4th, 2015). “If ... (we) can have one group that is

responsible for ... (Lake Management Plan) and then everybody (other organizations,

entities etc.) imports into that group.” (interview No. 12, March 23, 2015)

• Regional Collaboration (Interview No. 10, March 19th, 2015), Communication (Interview

No. 13, March 23rd, 2015), “Management Protocol established through engagement”

(Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015) and “Ongoing Monitoring” (Interview No. 27, March

31, 2015)

• Clearly define process for any development on the lakeshore that is “addressed up

front for business and site specific issue planning” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015).

• Proper Water and Sewer services in the areas where there is none or those that

require to be upgraded are upgraded so there is no waste water accidently leaks or is

dumped into the lake


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Economic Growth

The following concerns were raised regarding economic variables in the region:

• Lack of diversity of the local economy, ex. “... tourism is a renewable resource and it is

something that should be huge as part of what is there” (Interview No. 1, March 4th,

2015). Downturns of Oil and Gas that effect local economy, “it is a cyclical thing with ups

and downs” (Interview No. 4, March 9th, 2015) so staging resources reasonable for

downturns by supporting forestry, agriculture and continuing to support small businesses

is crucial

• Population growth (including shadow population and summer visitors) into the region

creates a greater demand for use, labour, controlling growth and development. “opening

up public access to municipal and environmental reserves, Crown land ... Upgrades to

public land (i.e. parks)” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015) and have greater impact on

local communities

• Development delays that are mainly based on demand when the infrastructure is

already required and necessary, ex. schools, health care, emergency services,

recreational facilities etc.

• Lack of co-ordinating effort to have a shared understanding of future development in

order to develop a broader strategic plan (Interview No 2, March 4th, 2015); “Balancing

lakeshore development with protection of natural values” (Interview No. 6, March 11th,

2015); “Land-use bylaws by all municipalities - the Town of Slave Lake, the MD of LSR

and BLC plus four First Nations (Reserves around the lake)” (Interview No. 17, March

24th, 2015).

• Creating opportunities for entrepreneurs to facilitate growth, “Work together on an

economic plan and create an atmosphere where they are enhancing the businesses and

industries to relocate into this region” (Interview No. 22, March 25th, 2015)

• Rapid increase in cost for any development around the lakeshore plus prolong

development process for any development which “ties up the developer. Make rules that

are done right but don't over complicate.” (Interview No. 19, March 25th, 2015)

• “Aging water infrastructure ” (Interview No. 6, March 11th, 2015) that require an

upgrade in the future, waste disposal, the cost of new and/or upgraded infrastructure,


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reduced funding from the province and “conflicts with lake adjacent owners” (Interview

No. 29, April 29th, 2015)

• “... land lock in terms of developable land in the town (and/or hamlet) boundaries (ex.

Slave Lake & Joussard)” (Interview No. 23, March 25th, 2015)

• Law enforcement , need for more police visibility to prevent crime in the region

• Education and training of locals

• Water level and its flow that affects industries downstream on LSR, “... a water

allocations strategy so downstream needs do not sterilize our (the MD of LSR No. 124)

region’s ability to use water” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015)

The impact of low oil prices was a concern for seventy six percent (76%) of interviewees, only

fourteen percent (14%) did not believe it would significantly impact local economy and ten

percent (10%) preferred not to comment. Even though many think this impact will be short term,

this highlights the need for diversification of the economy in the County that were mentioned

above as one of the challenges communities might face in the future. Low oil prices may put on

hold some of the planned future developments, reduced funding and create “less spending and

... more savings” (Interview No. 22, March 25th, 2015)

In light of the above discussion, seventy six percent (76%) of participants agreed that this

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development initiative is necessary, essential and critical, and “it

(this study) is balanced by different opinions” (Interview No. 11, March 23rd, 2015). “It is an

essential document that will assist Big Lakes County to develop more effective land use by-laws

and municipal development plans” (Interview No. 17, March 24th, 2015) as well as “to create a

better future, you have to start planning now” (Interview No 27, March 31st, 2015). Twenty four

percent (24%) preferred not to comment at this early stage of the study until the final results are

presented. Few mentioned that it should be something that is long-term with “a planned

approach” (Interview No. 22, March 25th, 2015) which looks at the “bigger picture” and is

reviewed on a regular basis. In addition, it was pointed out that “just that (Big Lakes County) is

talking to people and getting some information, doing a research or maybe getting the

discussion starting is wonderful and discussion needs to carry on” (Interview No. 1, March 4th,

2015).


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Collaboration

The final section of the questionnaire focused on collaboration between different municipalities,

organizations, and the provincial and federal government in the area. For the purpose of this

study, two organizations were selected that were considered to be able to provide strong

support to BLC and the LSL region in the future. They are the Lesser Slave Lake Economic

Alliance and the Lesser Slave Watershed Council.


Forty five percent (45%) of interviewees agreed that it is an important organisation that provides

a collaborative support to its members, “a really good organisation (that) has tons of potential”

(Interview No. 5, March 9th, 2015), “... (that provides a) look at the regional perspective that are

beneficial for the communities and what is beneficial for one community can benefit others”

(Interview No 23, March 25th, 2015) and “(can bring) value as advocacy body for regional

issues” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015).

However, the following points were raised: “... influx in last few years in terms of executive

directors, government funding ...” (Interview No. 5, March 9th, 2015), required to be restructured,

also to re-visit and define their mission, vision and strategic plan, “... the province’s whole

approach to funding that has being another huge issue and sustainability, longevity of it in a

sense that they (LSLEA) are wondering year after year whether they're going to operate next

year.” (Interview No. 18, March 24th, 2015). These provide an unstable environment for the

organisation and limit its ability to succeed.

On the other hand, fourteen percent (14%) of participants did not see a value in this

organization and another fourteen percent (14%) preferred not to comment. In addition, another

twenty seven percent (27%) stated that they were not familiar with the organisation and cannot

provide a definite answer.


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Forty eight percent (48%) of interviewees saw a value in LSWC that “...are essential as a

research (body).” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd, 2015). “The watershed (LSWC) was really our

go-to, it is a new project that came about only in the last decade and it seems they've made a

ton of success in a lot of ways...” (Interview No. 18, March 24th, 2015). In addition, the need to

include them in local, municipal regional planning was mentioned (Interview No. 4, March 9th,

2015). However, “The biggest challenge for them is to provide those resources that they have to

the people that make decisions.” (Interview No. 11, March 23rd, 2015).

Fourteen percent (14%) of participants did not see the value in this organization, seventeen

percent (17%) preferred not to comment and twenty one percent (21%) mentioned that they

were not really familiar with it.

The above shows that both organisations that were selected for the purpose of this study could

become more pro-active in establishing themselves and extending their reach to as many

parties as possible in order to become more vibrant, known and recognised in order to bring

even more value to their local communities.

Co-operative Effort

The majority of the interviewees welcomed the idea of co-operation and collaboration between

different municipalities, First Nations and Métis Settlements around the LSL with exception to

those who preferred not to comment on this question (twenty four percent (24%) of interview

participants). However, thirty one percent (31%) of interviewees said that they do not feel that

there is a co-operative effort at the moment, “there is competitiveness between the East and the

West of the lake; we do not work together at all.” (Interview No. 15, March 24th, 2015), “...a lot of

times we work in isolation.” (Interview No. 18, March 24th, 2015), “...it's been talked about, but (I

am) not aware if anything has been done.” (Interview No. 1, March 4th, 2015).

Those who answered that there is a co-operative effort (forty five percent (45%) of interviewees)

highlighted that it is at a very early stage, “... bare minimum” (Interview No. 5, March 9th, 2015);

“... we need to do more.” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd, 2015).


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In order to improve current collaboration and co-operation effort between different groups,

municipalities etc., findings show the need for:

• A champion to lead this collaboration “... needs an elected champion with a vision.”

(Interview No. 17, March 24th, 2015) as well as “...need to find a better way to

collaborate,... to do business together, to grow together. What is good for the west side

of the lake, is going to be good for the east and vice versa.” (Interview No. 18, March

24th, 2015)

• One group to unify all concerned parties around the lake -“...you get 10 to 15 different

groups and nobody is doing anything. If you have one good group you are going to get

somewhere.” (Interview No. 9, March 13th, 2015); “15 different organizations - doing the

same studies, getting the funding and nothing coming out of it” (Interview No. 9, March

13th, 2015), “It makes a big difference when we are working together, we all know what

the goal is and we are not fighting between each other on picking and choosing.”


• “Unifying approach ” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd, 2015). Ability to take in

consideration all aspects of local communities, businesses etc “.. it is a critical

consideration for communities in terms of sustaining our water supply for healthy

drinking water ... to consider the needs of industry, the needs of Agriculture, the needs of

development, recreational users.” (Interview No. 23, March 25th, 2015). “To have a

process to incorporate all parties’ perspectives and being able to come to a consensus”


Governing jurisdiction(s)

Even though it is difficult to change the current structure of governance the lake falls under, it

was decided to include this question to see what the general view on this point was. The

majority of participants (sixty eight percent (68%)) agreed that it should be a combination of

different jurisdictions, twenty one percent (21%) of which preferred to have only Provincial and

Municipal involvement and to exclude Federal government participation, only leaving them as

an advisory, knowledge based body. Currently, municipalities do not have full authority, only

some, to enforce all regulations so Provincial involvement is mandatory to enforce the law.

However, four percent (4%) of participants answered in favour to have only the Provincial


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government and the other seven percent (7%) only Municipal. Fourteen percent (14%) of

interviewees preferred not to comment and another seven percent (7%) were not sure.

Nevertheless, the majority believed that better structure and collaboration between

authorities as well as a clear understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities

need to be defined. “... It is just a matter of how we proactively organise our authorities and

coordinate our authorities there to meet that broader outcome of responsible development.”

(Interview No. 2, March 4th, 2015). “There needs to be a more clear distinction of who is

responsible for what, and their duty to enforce associated policy.” (Interview No. 6, March 11th,

2015). “... it is not a good collaboration between three groups ... if you want to do anything you

have to involve all three groups here and we do not really have a system how to do that.”

(Interview No. 18, March 24th, 2015). “...Working with multiple levels of government just doesn't

seem to work well” (Interview No. 5, March 9th, 2015).

Other Comments

Other comments that were raised during the interviews that need to be mentioned.

• Technical Expert. “The MD (Big Lake County) should consider high level technical

experts with a scientific and engineering background on staff to work on planning,

environment, water, and making recommendations to the council. This may save money

in consulting fees and provide continuity in the work being done.” (Interview No. 6,

March 11th, 2015). It may be difficult to achieve because of the diversity of different

studies, assessments that are required by Big Lake County and other municipalities.

One position will not be able to cover all the roles and responsibilities that are required to

fill in this role.

• Tourism and Recreation. “... Big Lakes (County needs) to promote more tourism ... to

get their own program going and not rely on someone like Lesser Slave Lake Economic

Alliance or our neighbours Mighty Peace or Grande Prairie supporting us.” (Interview No.

15, March 24th, 2015). “... Supporting tourism and recreation development relative to the

lake” (Interview No. 23, March 25th, 2015). “Trans Canada Trail that goes all the way

along the lake can be a perfect tourism tool to market together but we don't maintain it,

we don't develop between, don't put signs on and we don't promote it, and theoretically

in the many ways it doesn't even exist for us.” (Interview No. 18, March 24t, 2015). “We


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really need to look forward in the next 10 years to know our tourists.” (Interview No. 24,

March 26th, 2015). This will strengthen the local economy by providing diversity, jobs and

reduce the pressure from the small businesses to promote solely their services without

strong support of the local government authorities. The need for better Marketing of

Lesser Slave Lake Tourism and Recreation was discussed in Section IV. Future

Opportunities, Marketing,

• Marketing (p. 50)


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Appendix 4.

List of Interview’s Participants


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Appendix 4. List of Interview’s Participants

Interview Name Position

1 Acton, Darcie Executive Director of the Lesser Slave

Lake Economic Alliance

2 Awid-Goltz, Lisa

Municipal Dispute Resolution

Specialist, Municipal Collaboration,

Municipal Affairs, Municipal Services

and Legislation

3 Charrois, Donald Councillor, Ward 8: Banana Belt/ HP

East

4 Cunningham, Gerald Chairman, East Prairie Metis

Settlement

5 Dupres, Ray Councillor, Ward 7: Enilda/ Big

Meadow

6 Everatt, Ann President and Chief Executive Officer,

Northern Lakes College

7 Fleming, Anita

Director, Western Canada, CN -

Business Development and Real

Estate

8 Gauchier, Iner Chairman, Peavine Metis Settlement

Council

9 Hornbrook, Robert

Director, Rural Initiatives and

Research Branch at Agriculture and

Rural Development

10 Killeen, Ken Councillor, Ward 4: Kinuso

11 Kostiw, William Chief Administrative Officer, Big Lakes

County

12 Laboucan-Avirom, Isaac Chief, Woodland Cree First Nation

13 Lovsin, Matt Vice-President, Freson Bros. IGA


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Interview Name Position

14 Marx, David Councillor, Ward 1: Heart River / Salt

Prairie

15 Matthews, Ken Councillor, Ward 3: Gilwood North/

Triangle

16 Nygaaed, Robert Councillor, Ward 5: Faust

17 Olson, Gordon Broker/Owner, Century 21 /

Sunnyside Realty

18 Payne, Meghan Executive Director, Lesser Slave

Watershed Council

19 Podollan, Edward Councillor, Ward 6: Joussard

20 Quintilio, Kevin

Regional Resource Manager,

Environment and Sustainable

Resource Development, Upper

Athabasca Region

21 Skrynyk, Laurie Director of Planning and

Development, The Town of Slave Lake

22 Smith, Diane Councillor, The Town of Slave Lake

23 Stewart, Ann Councillor, Ward 9: Sunset House/

Gilwood South

24 Sutherland, Frank Councillor, Ward 2: Grouard

25 Warman, Tyler Mayor, The Town of Slave Lake

26 Williscroft, Linda Co-owner, Shadow Creek Resort

27 Wilson, Don Business Development Manager,

North - Travel Alberta

28 Winarski, Allan Chief Administrative Officer, the MD

of Lesser Slave River No. 124

29 Wronko, Karen

Executive Director, Entrepreneurship

and Regional Development at Alberta

Innovation and Advanced Education


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Appendix 5.

Abbreviations


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Appendix 5. Abbreviations

ALMS Alberta Lake Management Society

ALSC Alberta Land Stewardship Centre

ASVA Association of Summer Villages of Alberta

BLC Big Lakes County

CFLSL Community Futures Lesser Slave Lake

DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada

DUC Ducks Unlimited

ESRD Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Alberta

etc. Et cetera (a Latin expression that means "and other things", or "and so forth")

ex. Example

GoA The Government of Alberta

ILEC Lake Environment Committee Foundation

IMPC Inter Municipal Planning Commission

LSFES Lesser Slave Forest Education Society

LSL Lesser Slave Lake

LSLEA Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance

LSLIRC Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council

LSLRT Lesser Slave Lake Regional Tourism

LSR Lesser Slave River

LSWC Lesser Slave Watershed Council

MD Municipal District

PEC Prince Edward County

RFAC Regional Forest Advisory Committee, Whitecourt

SARDA Smoky Applied Research and Demonstration Association

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study_Ganna Samoylenko

Business

lake management

lake capacity

sylvan lake

tourism facilities

tourism analysis

rural vacation

rural areas

prince edward county