Less03 1

Lesson 3.1: Health and Wellness Benefits

Self-Assessment 3: Healthy Back Test

Chapter 3: Benefits of Physical Activity


Lesson Objectives:• Describe some hypokinetic conditions.• List some benefits of physical activity that contribute to

health and wellness.• Explain, using examples, how physical activity is related

to hyperkinetic conditions.


Question

People who begin an exercise program early in life and maintain it, reduce their risk of health problems. People who do little or no physical activity tend to suffer more health problems than active people. These health problems are known as hypokinetic conditions, or conditions caused by too little physical activity. What are some examples of hypokinetic conditions?


Answer

Some examples of hypokinetic conditions are • cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis),• Type II diabetes,• osteoporosis,• some forms of cancer,• back problems, and• obesity.


Question

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are major hypokinetic conditions. (Leading cause of death in this country.) How do the heart, lungs, and blood vessels work together when you are healthy? Use the picture to help you answer.


Answer

• Heart pumps blood into arteries (left side).• Healthy arteries carry blood with oxygen to

the muscles and other body tissues.• The muscles and body tissues use oxygen.• Veins carry blood back to the heart.• Heart pumps blood to pulmonary

artery (right side).• Lungs provide oxygen to the body.


Question

Can you describe the cardiovascular problems listed below?

• atherosclerosis• heart attack • high blood pressure

(hypertension)• stroke


Answer

Atherosclerosis is clogging of the arteries (build-up of substances on the inner walls), especially an artery in the heart muscle.


Answer (continued)

A heart attack occurs when a clogged artery in the heart muscle becomes totally blocked (by a clot) so that oxygen is no longer supplied to the heart muscle (also called coronary thrombosis).


Answer (continued)

High blood pressure occurs when• the pressure in your arteries becomes too high.• the arteries are clogged causing the pressure to

rise.

High blood pressure is also called hypertension.


Answer (continued)

There are two types of blood pressure.

Systolic pressure is• the higher of the two numbers.• the pressure in the arteries right after the heart beats

(highest pressure in artery; normal = 120).

Diastolic pressure is• the lower of the two numbers.• the pressure in the arteries just before the heart beats

(lowest pressure in artery; normal = 80).


Answer (continued)

Stroke is a condition that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or ruptured so that oxygen is not supplied to the brain tissues; damaging the brain.

Factors that contribute to stroke include• high blood pressure and• atherosclerosis.


Question

What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?


Answer

Some of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease are

• sedentary living,• a high-fat diet,• cigarette smoking, and• high blood pressure.


Question

What is diabetes? There are two types of diabetes—do you know the difference?


Answer

Diabetes is• too much sugar in the blood and• having too little insulin to help control blood

sugar (Type I), or• not being able to use insulin to control blood

sugar (Type II).


Question

What is cancer?


Answer

Cancer is

The uncontrollable growth of abnormal body cells


Question

What forms of cancer are considered to be hypokinetic conditions?


Answer

Forms of cancer considered to be hypokinetic conditions include

• colon cancer and• breast cancer.


Question

What is osteoporosis?


Answer

Osteoporosis is• low bone density (porous),• weak bones caused by low bone density (lose

their strength),• a condition that can result in bone fractures, and• a condition that gets worse as you get older.


Question

Some people who are overweight or obese do not do any physical activity. What health concerns are heightened for people who are obese?


Answer

Obese people have a higher risk of • cardiovascular disease,• joint problems, and• Type II diabetes.


Question

What health problems might be caused from doing too much exercise? (These problems are known as hyperkinetic conditions.)


Answer

Some hyperkinetic conditions (conditions caused by too much physical activity) include

• bone and joint problems (fractures, inflammation),

• muscle soreness or strains,• activity neurosis (see next question), and• body image disorder (see later question).


Question

What is activity neurosis?


Answer

A neurosis is being overly fearful or concerned about something. So a person with activity neurosis

• would not want to miss a single exercise session,• would fear becoming out of shape or overweight,

and• would exercise even when he or she was hurting

or sick.


Question

What are characteristics of a body image disorder?


Answer

A person with a body image disorder• sets unrealistic expectations to try to achieve an

ideal or perfect body.• is often dissatisfied when goals are met.• does too much exercise to try to achieve

unrealistic goals.


Question

What are some of the items in the Healthy Back Test? (SW 3-1)


Answer

Some of the items in the Healthy Back Test:• Single-leg lift (prone) for back and hip muscles

Answer (continued)

• Single-leg lift (supine) for hamstring muscles


Answer (continued)

• Knee to chest for tightness of hip muscles


Answer (continued)

• Curl-up for abdominal muscles


Answer (continued)

• Trunk lift and hold for back muscles


Answer (continued)

• Back to wall for lower back and hip muscles


Less03 1

Health & Medicine

health concerns

risk of health problems

benefits of physical

types of blood pressure

heart pumps blood

blood vessels

diastolic pressure

systolic pressure