Enhancement of an Industrial Landfarm Operation Using Phytotechnologies Les Stehmeier, Frank VanDelft (NOVA Chemicals, Canada)
Enhancement of an Industrial Landfarm Operation Using Phytotechnologies
Les Stehmeier, Frank VanDelft(NOVA Chemicals, Canada)
Hydrocarbon Removal from the Landfarm and Enhanced Landfarm
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10000
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Phytotechnologies Landfarm
Hyd
roca
rbon
Rem
oval
(kg
per t
reat
men
t)
Top-soilSub-soil
Hydrocarbon Removal in the Topsoil by Field
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Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8
Tops
oil O
il M
ass
(kg)
StartFinal
Hydrocarbon Removal in the Subsoil by Field
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40000
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60000
70000
80000
Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8
Subs
oil O
il M
ass
(kg)
StartFinal
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 7 Topsoil
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BP(
ºC)
Field 7 Top FinalField 7 Top Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 7 Subsoil
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700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 7 Sub FinalField 7 Sub Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 6 Topsoil
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 6 Top FinalField 6 Top Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 6 Subsoil
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700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 6 Sub FinalField 6 Sub Start
Changes in Selected Metals during the Spreading Season – Topsoil
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5.0%
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20.0%
25.0%
Barium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Vanadium
Met
al R
educ
tion
Dur
ing
Spre
adin
g Se
ason
(%)
PhytotechnologiesLandfarm
Changes in Selected Metals during the Spreading Season – Subsoil
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Barium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Vanadium
Met
al R
educ
tion
Dur
ing
Spre
adin
g Se
ason
(%)
PhytotechnologiesLandfarm
Cost Summary
Seeding rate: 110kg/haLandfarm cost: 2.6¢ to 3.2¢/L of sludge spreadSeed bed preparation: $6,100/ha
Approximate 2006 CostsLandfarm cost: 3,001,832 x $0.03 = $90,055Seed bed preparation costs for Fields 5 and 6: $6,100Incremental cost if phytotechnology carried out on all eight fields: $22,800 (based on 3.74 ha spreadable landfarm)
Conclusions
• Incremental hydrocarbon reduction with phytotechnologies is greater than the incremental cost.• Landfarming and phytotechnologies reduce non-targeted compounds.• Phytotechnologies enable hydrocarbon reduction at inaccessible, to normal landfarm technology, soil depths.• Phytotechnologies do make a pretty picture.
Incremental Hydrocarbon Removal in 2006
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100%
Phytotechnology Driven Hydrocarbon Removal
Incr
emen
tal R
emov
al o
f Hyd
roca
rbon
(%)
Top-soilSub-soilCombined