Leisure in Contemporary Society Chapter 1 HPR 322.

Leisure in Contemporary Society

Chapter 1HPR 322

Chapter 1 Objectives Develop an understanding of the role of leisure

in contemporary society Understand basic concepts associated with

leisure, recreation, and play Provide information useful in developing a

philosophy of leisure programming Understand the relationship between leisure

services and the benefits sought by customers Develop an awareness of the leisure

experience as a service

Introduction

Leisure is a powerful force Woven into the fabric of our culture Enriches, enhances and nourishes our

lives Provides multiple benefits for individuals,

groups, communities and cultures (Ex.) Leisure service programming is the

creation of opportunities for leisure experiences with consequent benefits

Leisure Service Programming…..

Provides a means for individuals to seek novelty, variety, pleasure, challenge, renewal, and growth in their lives through participation in leisure experiences

Challenges for us as leisure service providers –cultural diversity, gender and ethnic differences, generational value orientations, varying family structures, income stratification, technological advances

Consumers demand quality and value – We must meet their needs

Basic Terms

Recreation – organized activity intended for social ends Positive for society

Leisure – time OR state of mind OR attitude Highly subjective

Play – even more subjective Planned or not; strux or not; risky or

not Universal

Recreation Restores or recreates – refreshes Some say it renews you for work Typically an activity with physical, mental,

social, or emotional involvement Wide range – sports, games, crafts,

performing arts, arts, music, travel, hobbies, social activities, etc

Voluntary, internal motivation, dependent on attitude, potential for desirable outcomes

Leisure Freedom to pursue individual interests Definitions include

Free time, Activity, State of Mind, Symbol of Social Class, Leisure as action, Antiutilitarian, Holistic

Conditions of the Leisure Experience Perceived freedom, Intrinsic Motivation,

Perceived Competence, Positive Affect Leisure may be from “casual” to “exotic” and may

include Social, Physical, or Natural Environments

Play

Positive form of human behavior Non-instrumental in purpose, spirit of

pleasure and creative expression, aimless to highly structured, adults play, instinctive drive but culturally learned in all cultures, voluntary, pleasurable, linked to social functions such as law, religion, warfare, art

Leisure Service Programming Appeal to universal need for ‘play’ Use of free/unobligated time Positive for society

Improve individuals’ mental/physical health Engage individuals in positive activities Satisfy desires in socially acceptable ways

Need for ‘risk,’ need for competition; need for challenge; need for social contacts

Developing a Program Philosophy

What do we value and what do we believe in? The foundation of any organization is its philosophy

Helps you find meaning and focus, finds meaning, establishes direction, defines relationship with stakeholders, basic set of belief and values

Organization of Leisure Services

Government based recreation Examples?

Private non-profit Examples?

Commercial for profit Examples?

Defining Leisure Service

A service, not a commodity (thing) Competes for $ and time with

other services as well as commodities True for governmental, non-profit and

for-profit providers Necessity (or not) Customer driven

Potential Benefits of Leisure Experience Personal Development Social Bonding Physical Development Stimulation Fantasy and Escape Nostalgia and Reflection Independence and Freedom Reduction of Sensory overload Risk Opportunities

Potential Benefits contd

Sense of Achievement Exploration Values Clarification/Problem

Solving Mental Health Aesthetic Appreciation

Leisure Experience as a Service (Service Industry) Service focuses on transactions

between people Dialogue, empathy, creation of a mood,

motivation, personal interaction Characteristics of leisure service

Transactions between people Services are not tangible The Customer must be present The service cannot be created in advance Leisure services are labor intensive

Elements of Leisure Service Leisure Service Programmer

(“Leader”) Professional in a profession

Possess knowledge; training; ethics; customer service orientation

Personal recreation/leisure philosophy consistent with organization’s philosophy

General and self-knowledge related to leadership style (covered in depth in HPR 323)

Plays one or multiple roles – administrator; activity leader; instructor; coach; public relations, etc.

Elements of Leisure Service cont’d Customers (“Participants”)

Clients; consumers; members; participants; guests; users; visitors

Leisure (and other) decision-making patterns impacted by involvement, differentiation; time pressure

Needs related to age; SES; education; cultural characteristics; family status; perceived skills or limitations

Customer-Driven Programs promote Quality Establish programming priorities Discover client needs Develop product accordingly Identify key program providers Identify key encounters with clients Train for flexibility; but when in doubt

set standards Ask for help

More considerations Inclusion

ADA; IDEA, etc. “Reasonable” accommodation

Adaptive equipment Interpreters Program adaptations Partial participation Support staff In-service training for staff

More considerations Inclusion cont’d

“Reasonable” accommodation does not mean:

Waiving age or other registration requirements

Waiving or applying rules or codes of conduct differently

Allowing people in programs who cannot communicate or follow basic directions

Including people in group programs who cannot tolerate a group setting

More considerations

Inclusion cont’d Challenges to programmers

Emotional/behavioral disabilities Individuals with multiple disabilities Multiple individuals with varying disabilities Disabilities that are not consistent among

individuals (e.g., persons with autism or MS)

Effect of medications

More considerations cont’d

Multiculturalism, Diversity Values may vary Importance or role of

leisure/recreation may vary Behavior in leisure/recreation settings

may vary

A Program Proposal Ideally will reflect a demonstrated

‘need’ but you have to start somewhere Larger areas tend to have more range

of programming “Personality” or characteristics of a

region may be reflected (rock climbing in Utah or Idaho; winemaking in New York or California; what is popular in Mississippi?)

An Example

Public city pool in north Mississippi Neighborhood reflects lower to

middle classes Population includes older adults and

non-working mothers Only programming offered at pool

consists of children’s swimming lessons

Other Factors

Few exercise/fitness programs offered by city

Current water exercise class in indoor university pool Not as convenient as city pool May charge more Noon hour may not be as convenient

as a.m. or p.m.

My Proposal I propose to begin a summer adult water

exercise program to be held at the city pool in Sometown, Mississippi. The program will begin during the week following Memorial Day and continue until the week before Labor Day. This program will provide a low impact fitness activity appropriate for persons who live in the area near the city pool including some older adults, individuals with physical disabilities, and individuals whose Body Mass Indices (BMI) place them in overweight or obese categories.

Attendance is open to any interested adult who registers and pays a program fee of $40. Individuals who have purchased a pool membership can attend the water exercise classes for no additional charge.

My Proposal cont’d The water exercise classes will meet

weekdays between 6:00 and 6:45 a.m. and 7:30 and 8:15 p.m. Instructors will be Red Cross certified lifeguards.

The program benefits the community by working to improve the health and quality of life of residents in an area underserved by recreation programming of this type.

My Proposal cont’d again This program benefits the park and

recreation department by using an existing facility with existing staff to provide programming that will collect additional user fees.

This program benefits the users by contributing to potential improvements in their mental and physical health and by providing additional opportunities for positive socialization (insert ref)

A simple activity Find your group members Each group will be provided with a

location For each location, come up with

possible recreation programs Arts (performing, visual, music) Sports or active games Something else (social; hobby; educational) What makes this a good activity for this

location?