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BRIEFING PAPER Number 7863, 12 January 2017
Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
By Vaughne Miller
Contents: 1. EU law in force 2. Directly applicable EU law 3.
Directly applicable EU law in
the UK 4. Appendix EU regulations in
force
http://www.parliament.uk/commons-libraryhttp://intranet.parliament.uk/commons-librarymailto:[email protected]://www.twitter.com/@commonslibrary
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2 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
Contents Summary 4
1. EU law in force 6
2. Directly applicable EU law 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 The EU
Treaties 9 2.3 EU regulations 9
Commission and Council regulations 9 2.4 Delegated and
implementing regulations 11 2.5 EU decisions 12
3. Directly applicable EU law in the UK 13 3.1 The European
Communities Act 1972 13 3.2 Brexit and EU regulations 14
4. Appendix EU regulations in force 15 General, financial and
institutional matters (239) 15 Customs Union and free movement of
goods (526) 27 Agriculture (922) 51 Fisheries (1122) 117 Freedom of
movement for workers and social policy (91) 174 Right of
establishment and freedom to provide services (50) 178 Transport
policy (175) 182 Competition policy (31) 195 Taxation (12) 197
Economic and monetary policy and free movement of capital (108) 198
External relations (643) 206 Energy (61) 251 Industrial policy and
internal market (372) 256 Regional policy and coordination of
structural instruments (64) 284 Environment, consumers and health
protection (527) 289 Science, information, education, culture (71)
327 Law relating to undertakings (26) 332 Common Foreign and
Security Policy (48) 334 Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (35)
337 People’s Europe (4) 340
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3 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
Cover page image copyright Attribution: EU flag, British flag
and Palace of Westminster – CC0 Public domain: no attribution
required. All images cropped.
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4 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
Summary This Briefing Paper explains what ‘directly applicable’
EU law is (mainly EU Treaty obligations and EU regulations), how it
applies in the UK, and how many EU regulations are in force. It is
one of a series of Library briefings on different elements of the
EU acquis and Brexit, and will be updated periodically. What is
‘directly applicable’ EU law? Directly applicable EU law does not
need further domestic transposition in order to apply in the Member
States. It applies as soon as it enters into force (either on the
date stipulated in the act or, failing this, on the twentieth day
following its publication in the Official Journal of the European
Union, L series). The Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union (TFEU) states in Article 288 that EU regulations are binding
and directly applicable. EU directives are in principle not
directly applicable, but they may be so, and EU decisions may be
directly applicable on the same basis as directives. In 1963 the EU
Court of Justice established the principle of “direct effect” of EU
Treaty obligations, provided they are intended to confer rights on
individuals, are precise, clear and unconditional, and do not
entail any additional national or European measures (i.e. are
directly applicable). How many EU laws are directly applicable?
According to the EU’s Eur-lex website there are at present nearly
20,000 EU legislative acts in force. These are mainly directives,
regulations, decisions and international agreements, but they
include a range of other instruments. Of these, around 5,000 EU
regulations are directly applicable in all EU Member States.
Directly applicable EU law in the UK Section 2(1) of the European
Communities Act 1972 (ECA) gives the authority for directly
applicable EU law to have legal effect in UK law without needing
further UK enactment. Sometimes the effects of directly applicable
law do need further UK implementation. EU regulations are often
implemented in the UK by non-legislative or ‘soft law’ measures
such as administrative rules and regulations. The Great Repeal Bill
As Commons Briefing Paper Legislating for Brexit: the Great Repeal
Bill, CBP7793, 21 November 2016, explains, a major issue for Brexit
is what to do with the thousands of EU laws that are directly
applicable. This is because if there is no specific provision for
them, they will no longer apply in the UK as soon as the European
Communities Act 1972 is repealed.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/2http://researchbriefings.intranet.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7793
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5 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
According to the Government, the proposed ‘Great Repeal Bill’
will make provision for the EU acquis – the body of existing EU law
and obligations - to be “converted” into UK law “wherever
practical”. Directly applicable laws will need to be ‘saved’ to
ensure that they continue to operate until the Government (and
Parliament?) decides what to do with them (which will depend
largely on the outcome of the EU-UK withdrawal negotiations and the
UK’s future relationship with the EU).
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6 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
1. EU law in force According to the EU’s Eur-lex website there
are at present nearly 19,000 EU legislative acts in force. These
are mainly directives, regulations, decisions and international
agreements, but they include other instruments, such as
resolutions, reports and special reports, rules of procedure,
guidelines, declarations, inter-institutional and internal
agreements, Memorandums of Understanding, programmes, opinions,
communications, information, conclusions and statutes. The Lisbon
Treaty introduced a hierarchy in EU secondary legislation by
distinguishing in Articles 289, 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) between legislative acts,
delegated acts and implementing acts. Legislative acts are legal
acts which are adopted through the Ordinary Legislative Procedure
or a special legislative procedure. They include EU directives,
regulations and decisions. The table below shows the number of EU
directives, regulations, decisions and international agreements (or
similar) in force in 20 subject categories. It excludes delegated
and implementing laws and other instruments mentioned above. The
data has been compiled from the Eur-Lex Directory of EU legislation
in force (on 4 January 2017). It excludes delegated and
implementing laws (around 2,100)1 and other instruments mentioned
above. It should also be noted that some regulations might be
counted in more than one policy area.
Topic area Total EU legislative acts in force
Directives Regulations Decisions & Framework Decisions
International Agreements/ treaties; Protocols; Conventions;
Exchange of Letters, MoU
01 General, financial and institutional matters
1412 8 239 869 33
02 Customs Union and free movement of goods2
1127
7 526 124 113
03 Agriculture3 3011
139 922 1017 118
04 Fisheries 1512 1 1122 159 96
05 Freedom of movement for workers and social policy
670 75 91 317 4
06 Right of establishment and freedom to provide services
417
64 50 75 4
07 Transport policy 716
76 174 193 + 1 52
1 Delegated and implementing measures are explained in section
1.3 below. 2 There is also one Joint Action under this heading. 3
This area includes a number of measures addressed to other Member
States and not
the UK.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.htmlhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D01&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_01http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D01&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_01http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=01&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D02&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_02http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D02&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_02http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=02&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D03&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_03http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=03&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D04&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_04http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=04&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D05&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_05http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D05&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_05http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=05&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D06&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_06http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D06&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_06http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D06&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_06http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=06&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D07&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_07http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=07&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D01&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_01http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D02&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_02http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D03&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_03http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D04&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_04http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D05&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_05http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D06&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_06http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D07&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_07
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7 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
Topic area Total EU legislative acts in force
Directives Regulations Decisions & Framework Decisions
International Agreements/ treaties; Protocols; Conventions;
Exchange of Letters, MoU
08 Competition policy 574
4 31 518 3
09 Taxation 189 29 12 66 7
10 Economic and monetary policy and free movement of capital
559 9 108 193 18
11 External relations 4207 4 643 1889 1184
12 Energy 378 16 61 98 37
13 Industrial policy and internal market
1510 240 372 473 15
14 Regional policy and coordination of structural
instruments
357
2 64 232 0
15 Environment, consumers and health protection
2175 136 527 358 83
16 Science, information, education and culture
447 9 71 135 17
17 Law relating to undertakings
116 32 26 17 12
18 Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)4
631 1 48 379 90 + 36 Joint Actions + 51 Common Positions
19 Area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ)5
783 43 64 384 + 23 108 + 11 Joint Actions + 6 Common
Positions
20 People's Europe 24 4 4 2 1 protocol
TOTAL 18,948 899 5,155 7,522 2,099
4 In foreign, security and defence policies the
intergovernmental method still applies.
The Lisbon Treaty replaced common strategies, joint actions and
common positions by general guidelines, decisions defining “actions
to be undertaken by the Union”, “positions to be taken by the
Union”, and arrangements for the implementation of those decisions
(Article 25 TEU).
5 The UK has opt-in and opt-out arrangements in relation to the
AFSJ.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D08&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_08http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=08&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D09&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_09http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=09&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D10&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D10&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D10&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=10&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D11&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_11http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=11&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D12&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_12http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=12&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D13&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_13http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D13&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_13http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=13&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D14&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_14http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D14&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_14http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D14&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_14http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=14&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D15&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_15http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D15&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_15http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=15&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D16&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_16http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D16&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_16http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=16&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D17&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_17http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D17&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_17http://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=17&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&qid=1478268221034&type=named&CC_1_CODED=18&name=browse-by:legislation-in-forcehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&qid=1478268221034&type=named&CC_1_CODED=18&name=browse-by:legislation-in-forcehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?type=named&name=browse-by:legislation-in-force&CC_1_CODED=18&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfilehttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D19&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classification=in-force#arrow_19http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D19&displayProfile=allRelAllConsDocProfile&classifi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8 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
2. Directly applicable EU law 2.1 Introduction A major issue for
Brexit is what to do with the thousands of EU laws that are
directly applicable in the UK. If there is no specific provision
for them, they will no longer apply in the UK as soon as the
European Communities Act 1972 is repealed. The Government has said
it intends to “convert” EU laws into UK law “wherever practical”,6
so they can continue to operate in the UK until the Government and
Parliament decide what to do with them. But what are ‘directly
applicable’ EU laws? Several different types of EU law are directly
applicable: EU Treaty provisions, EU regulations and EU decisions.
These are addressed in turn below. ‘Directly applicable’ means that
the EU law applies in the Member States without further national
implementing measures,7 as soon as it enters into force (either on
the date stipulated in the act or, failing this, on the twentieth
day following its publication in the Official Journal of the
European Union). Directly applicable laws usually also have ‘direct
effect’.8 This means that they automatically create rights which
individuals can rely on before national courts. In the Van Gend
& Loos judgment on 5 February 1963, the Court of Justice of the
EU (CJEU) established the principle of ‘direct effect’ and rights
for individuals.9 To have direct effect, an EU obligation must: •
be intended to confer rights on individuals; • be precise, clear
and unconditional; and • not entail any additional national or
European measures. But some Treaty provisions are expressed in
general terms and cannot be applied directly by national courts.
There is a distinction in direct effect between 'Vertical Direct
Effect', which means the provision has effect between the citizen
and the State, and 'Horizontal Direct Effect', which means the
provision has effect between citizens. The CJEU has extended the
principle of direct effect to Treaty Articles, directives and
decisions, and even to provisions in the EU’s external agreements,
if certain criteria are met.
6 Theresa May, speech to Conservative Party conference on 2
October 2016; David
Davis, Secretary of State for Exiting the EU, 10 October 2016. 7
In practice directly applicable laws sometimes do need further
domestic enactment. 8 Although direct applicability is not a
necessary pre-condition for direct effect. 9 The judgment
established that former Article 12 of the EEC Treaty (now Article
30
TFEU) was directly effective, as it was a means of ensuring
uniform application in all Member States.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:61962CJ0026&from=ENhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-conference-speech-article-50-brexit-eu-a7341926.htmlhttps://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-10-10/debates/6CE5F6BB-3AA4-4332-BF7A-577DB35BDB77/NextStepsInLeavingTheEuropeanUnion#contribution-1F98EB16-0F24-401D-AA92-C0D4DCDE2BB3https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-10-10/debates/6CE5F6BB-3AA4-4332-BF7A-577DB35BDB77/NextStepsInLeavingTheEuropeanUnion#contribution-1F98EB16-0F24-401D-AA92-C0D4DCDE2BB3
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9 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
Directly applicable EU laws pose a particular problem for
Brexit: there are a great many of them, they may be difficult to
identify and therefore to ‘disentangle’, and many are not laws at
all in the UK, but administrative rules or other ‘soft law’
measures.
2.2 The EU Treaties EU Treaty Articles may be directly
applicable. For example, Article 157 TFEU (ex Article 141 TEC and
originally Article 119 TEC) provides that “Each Member State shall
ensure that the principle of equal pay for male and female workers
for equal work or work of equal value is applied”. The EU Court of
Justice established in Defrenne in 1976 that this Article was
“directly applicable and may thus give rise to individual rights
which the courts must protect”.10 In Barber in 1990 the EU Court
ruled: “Article 119 of the Treaty applies directly to all forms of
discrimination which may be identified solely with the aid of the
criteria of equal work and equal pay referred to by that provision,
without national or Community measures being required to define
them with greater precision“.11
2.3 EU regulations Article 288 TFEU defines an EU regulation as
having “general application”, “binding in its entirety and directly
applicable in all Member States”. A regulation’s “legal effects are
simultaneously, automatically and uniformly binding in all the
national legislations”.12 So regulations are intended to apply
directly in all Member States, without the need for further
national implementing measures. However, it might be necessary to
amend existing national provisions that are inconsistent with
regulations. Sometimes further measures have been needed in the UK
to implement an EU Regulation; for example, the Open Internet
Access (EU Regulation) Regulations 2016 implemented EU Regulation
2015/2120 of 25 November 2015 concerning mobile roaming in the EU.
Regulations are also intended to come into effect without further
action in the devolved nations and Gibraltar. But here too further
implementation may be necessary. For example, three EU regulations
on tachographs were implemented in Gibraltar by the Tachographs
(Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2015.
Commission and Council regulations There are Commission
regulations and Council or European Parliament and Council
regulations. In the list of EU regulations in force in the
10 Judgment 8 April 1976. Gabrielle Defrenne v Société anonyme
belge de navigation
aérienne Sabena. Reference for a preliminary ruling 11 Judgment
17 May 1990, Douglas Harvey Barber v Guardian Royal Exchange
Assurance Group. See also Judgment 31 March 1981 in J.P. Jenkins
v Kingsgate (Clothing Productions) Ltd. Reference for a preliminary
ruling in Case 96/80.
12 Eur-Lex, European Union regulations.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61975CJ0043http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61988CJ0262http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/607/pdfs/uksi_20160607_en.pdfhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R2120http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/2015s030.pdfhttp://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/2015s030.pdfhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61980CJ0096http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:l14522
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10 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
Appendix, there are 3,556 Commission regulations and 1,850
Council or EP/Council regulations. Although regulations are “legal
acts of the Union”, in practice there are both legislative
regulations and quasi- or non-legislative ones – the latter are the
largest group and are almost always Commission regulations. Article
288 TFEU does not clearly distinguish between legislative acts and
administrative acts. Neill Nugent summarises some general
characteristics of the two types:
While there is no hard and fast distinction between EP and
Council, Council and Commission legislation, the first two tend to
be broader in scope, to be concerned with more important matters,
and to be aimed at laying down a legal framework in a policy
sphere. Commission legislation – of which in terms of volume there
is much more than EP and Council and Council-only legislation - is
largely of an implementing, administrative, and technical nature
and is usually subject to tight guidelines laid down in enabling EP
and Council or Council legislation.13
Commission regulations often translate “policy principles into
detailed, and often highly technical, rules on such matters as
product standards, health and safety conditions, inspection rules,
authorizations for marketed products and practices, and import
duties”.14 Professor Michael Dougan of Liverpool University
summarises the kind of technical details that are typically the
subject of these regulations:
[non-legislative regulations] are adopted in much larger
numbers, because they constitute one of the main legal instruments
through which the EU institutions reach their detailed technical
administrative decisions: e.g. updating the scientific registers of
chemicals and food additives; calculating the precise allocation of
import licences under the common commercial policy; adjusting
specific anti-dumping duties on cheap imports from third countries;
confirming the regular continuance of UN sanctions on particular
third countries or named individuals suspected of involvement in
terrorism; entering or updating specific foodstuffs in the register
of protected designations of origin etc.15
Many regulations are made following the adoption of a basic EU
law containing information which needs updating on a regular basis.
For example, many regulations implement the EU’s Combined
Nomenclature (CN). When goods are declared to customs in the EU,
they are classified according to the CN. Imported and exported
goods must be declared, stating under which subheading of the CN
they fall. This determines which rate of customs duty applies and
how the goods are treated for statistical purposes.16 The basic CN
regulation is Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 on the tariff and
statistical nomenclature
13 The Government and Politics of the European Union: Seventh
Edition, Neill Nugent,
Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, p. 209. 14 Policies and Policy
Processes of the European Union, Laurie Buonanno and Neill
Nugent, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, p. 110. 15 Written evidence to
Treasury Committee, 3 November 2015, paragraph 10. This
point is also made in How much legislation comes from Europe?
Research Paper 10/62 13 October 2010.
16 See European Commission, Taxation and Customs Union for
further information on the CN.
http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/treasury-committee/the-economic-and-financial-costs-and-benefits-of-uks-eu-membership/written/24249.htmlhttp://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP10-62.pdfhttps://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/what-is-common-customs-tariff/combined-nomenclature_en
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11 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
and on the Common Customs Tariff. An updated version of an Annex
to the CN Regulation is published as a Commission Regulation every
year in the EU Official Journal.
2.4 Delegated and implementing regulations Delegated and
implementing regulations are also directly applicable in all EU
Member States. According to Eur-Lex data,17 there are currently 243
delegated regulations and 1,929 implementing regulations. These
acts are not included in the list of regulations in force, but the
regulations which they clarify or implement are listed.
Delegated acts Article 290 TFEU allows the EU Council or Council
and EP to delegate to the Commission “the power to adopt
non-legislative acts of general application to supplement or amend
certain non-essential elements of the legislative act”. There are
conditions attached to this power:
• the essential elements of a policy area may not be subject to
a delegation of power.
• the objectives, content, scope and duration of the delegation
of power must be defined in the legislative acts.
• the legislator must explicitly set out in the legislative act
the conditions under which the delegation may be exercised, and may
provide a right to revoke the delegation or to express objections
to the delegated act.
Delegated acts may add new (non-essential) rules or involve a
subsequent amendment to elements of a legislative act.18 For
example, Commission delegated regulation 2015/2401 on the content
and functioning of the Register of European political parties and
foundations fulfils requirements of a 2014 Council and EP
Regulation 1141/2014 “on the statute and funding of European
political parties and European political foundations”. Article 7(2)
of that regulation provided the Commission with powers to adopt
delegated acts “in order to ensure the proper functioning of the
Register” with regard to “the information and supporting documents
held by the Authority for which the Register is to be the competent
repository”. The delegated regulation contains a list of the
documentation and information required for the register.
Delegated acts are used widely in the areas of the internal
market, agriculture, the environment, consumer protection,
transport, and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.
Implementing acts Under Article 291 TFEU, where uniform
conditions are required for the implementation of EU measures, the
Commission can adopt implementing acts. A 2011 Council/EP
regulation lays down rules and
17 Accessed 4 January 2017. 18 Eur-Lex, European Union legal
acts.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:12012E290http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1484044481101&uri=CELEX:32015R2401http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R1141http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R1141http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:12012E291http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:ai0043http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3Aai0032
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12 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
general principles concerning the Member States’ control of the
Commission’s exercise of implementing powers.
There are 615 implementing regulations in the area of the
Environment, Consumers and Health Protection. For example, a
Commission implementing regulation (2016/2104 of 21 November 2016)
enters Vale of Evesham Asparagus in the EU’s register of protected
designations of origin and protected geographical indications.
Sometimes the Council also has this power under Articles 24 and
26 TEU (Common Foreign and Security Policy) to “take the decisions
necessary for defining and implementing it on the basis of the
general guidelines and strategic lines defined by the European
Council”.
2.5 EU decisions Under Article 288 TFEU an EU decision is
binding on those to whom it is addressed and may be directly
applicable. According to Eur-lex there are over 7,000 EU
Decisions.19 EU decisions are bespoke and often do require further
implementation in the UK. For example, Commission Decision 2009/431
of 29 May 2009 granting a derogation requested by the UK with
regard to England, Scotland and Wales “pursuant to Council
Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against
pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources” was
implemented by SI 2009/3160, Nitrate Pollution Prevention
(Amendment) Regulations and subsequent amendments. Decisions are
usually specific measures addressed to a particular Member State,
company20 or individual(s). They are adopted in a whole range of
circumstances, for example:
• to enforce competition policy • to institute a pilot action
programme • to authorise grants from one of the EU’s funds • to
allow an exemption from an existing measure • to counter dumping
from a third country.21
On the basis of European Court of Justice case law, decisions
may have direct effect.22 Eur-Lex states that decisions “may have
direct effect when they refer to an EU country as the addressee.
The Court of Justice therefore recognises only a direct vertical
effect”.23
19 Accessed 5 January 2017. 20 The Europa website gives by way
of example a Commission decision on fining
software giant Microsoft for abusing its dominant market
position, where the decision applied to Microsoft only.
21 The Government and Politics of the European Union: Seventh
edition Neill Nugent p. 211, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
22 For example, see Case 9/70, Franz Grad. 23 See judgment in
Case C-156/91, 10 November 1992, Hansa Fleisch.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1484125031932&uri=CELEX:32016R2104http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:12012M024http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:12012M026http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009D0431http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3160/pdfs/uksi_20093160_en.pdfhttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/668/pdfs/uksi_20150668_en.pdfhttp://europa.eu/eu-law/decision-making/legal-acts/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4183_3.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/37792/37792_4183_3.pdfhttp://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=61970CJ0009&lang1=en&type=TXT&ancre=http://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30dc9208dcb5f7a940518aaae16f9997333e.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuMchf0?text=&docid=97994&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=642315
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13 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
3. Directly applicable EU law in the UK
3.1 The European Communities Act 1972 Section 2(1) of the
European Communities Act 1972 (ECA) gives the authority for
‘directly applicable’ EU law, such as regulations, to automatically
have legal effect in UK law without needing further enactment. EU
regulations thus become law automatically in all four UK nations
(and in the Crown Dependencies and Gibraltar to the extent that the
Treaties apply). As EU regulations must be the same across all
Member States, they supersede any existing law which is
inconsistent with them, and any of the UK legislatures may have to
amend their laws on occasions to comply with them.
Section 2(1) provides:
All such rights, powers, liabilities, obligations and
restrictions from time to time created or arising by or under the
Treaties, and all such remedies and procedures from time to time
provided for by or under the Treaties, as in accordance with the
Treaties are without further enactment to be given legal effect or
used in the United Kingdom shall be recognised and available in
law, and be enforced, allowed and followed accordingly; and the
expression "enforceable EU right" and similar expressions shall be
read as referring to one to which this sub-section applies.
The European Scrutiny Committee report on the 2010-11 EU Bill
and Parliamentary Sovereignty outlined the constitutional
importance of Section 2(1):
Section 2(1) applies to EU law now and as it develops in the
future "from time to time" either by Treaty revision "created by"
or interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU "arising
under". So, when an EU Regulation enters into force, it
automatically becomes part of national law, as it does in the other
26 Member States on the same day. The uniqueness of section 2(1) is
that it gives effect to directly applicable or effective EU law
without the need each time for implementing legislation, as would
usually be required for the incorporation of other obligations
assumed under international law by a dualist State. The domestic
courts are obliged to give full effect to section 2(1), in the
light of the case law of the Court of Justice (section 3(1)).24
Although regulations are directly applicable, many do require
additional national provisions in relation to their effects,
procedure or enforcement. For example, the EU Trade Mark Regulation
(as amended) was implemented in the UK by SI 2016 No. 299, the
European Union Trade Mark Regulations 2016. Many regulations are
implemented in the UK by non-legislative administrative rules,
regulations, departmental notes and documents, or guidelines on
procedures. For example, Regulation 2092/91, the basis
24 “The UK's legal relationship with the EU”, ESC 10th Report,
24 December 2010.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/2http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R2424http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/299/pdfs/uksi_20160299_en.pdfhttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/299/pdfs/uksi_20160299_en.pdfhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1991R2092:20060506:EN:PDFhttp://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/63304.htm
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14 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
for UK organic standards, is implemented under the Organic
Products Regulations 2004 and subsequent SIs, through the
Compendium of UK Organic Standards.25 Many regulations also apply
via existing national provisions. EU regulations may have little or
no relevance for the UK – for example, olive and tobacco growing
regulations are unlikely to have much impact here – but the UK must
nevertheless adhere to such regulations along with olive and
tobacco growing States.
3.2 Brexit and EU regulations As Commons Briefing Paper
Legislating for Brexit: the Great Repeal Bill, CBP7793, 21 November
2016, explains, a major issue for Brexit is what to do with the
thousands of EU laws that are directly applicable. If the ECA is
repealed without making provision for directly applicable EU laws,
they will no longer apply in the UK. This is because if there is no
specific provision for them, they will no longer apply in the UK as
soon as the European Communities Act 1972 is repealed. The
Government intends that the Great Repeal Bill will provide for
their continuance, pending UK decisions on what to do about them.
So it is envisaged that the Great Repeal Bill will “convert”
directly applicable EU laws into UK law with effect from Brexit
day, allowing for their retention, repeal or amendment after
Brexit. What the Government and Parliament do with them will depend
largely on the outcome of the EU-UK withdrawal negotiations and the
UK’s future relationship with the EU. But as analysts have pointed
out, identifying, reviewing and amending the body of directly
applicable EU law will be “a civil service legal exercise on a
scale that has not been encountered at any other time in our recent
legal history”.26
25 Defra publishes the Compendium of UK Organic Standards as the
UK’s base line for
organic certification, on behalf of the four UK rural affairs
departments.
https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/organic-farming-your-questions-answered.
26 Daniel Greenberg, Parliamentary Counsel, Berwin Leighton
Paisner LLP, A look at the potential impact on the statute book if
the UK leaves the EU, 10 December 2015.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/842/pdfs/uksi_20090842_en.pdfhttp://researchbriefings.intranet.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7793https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/organic-farming-your-questions-answered
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15 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
4. Appendix EU regulations in force
This section lists EU regulations in force in December 2016
under 20 subject categories used in the Eur-lex Directory of EU
legislation. Included in the list are the latest consolidated
versions of regulations. These provide amendments and corrigenda to
the regulations, but they are not legal texts (which are only in
the Official Journal of the EU) and they may not be up-to-date.27
In the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (section 3.19, below),
the UK has an opt-in arrangement in Justice and Home Affairs
matters (Title V) and an opt-out from the Schengen rules. Those
regulations in which the UK participates are listed in that
section.
General, financial and institutional matters (239) Regulation
(EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol) and replacing and repealing Council Decisions
2009/371/JHA, 2009/934/JHA, 2009/935/JHA, 2009/936/JHA and
2009/968/JHA. Latest consolidated version: 02016R0794-20160524
Regulation (EU) 2015/2219 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 25 November 2015 on the European Union Agency for Law
Enforcement Training (CEPOL) and replacing and repealing Council
Decision 2005/681/JHA Regulation (EU) 2015/760 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on European
long-term investment funds (Text with EEA relevance) Regulation
(EU, Euratom) No 1141/2014 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 22 October 2014 on the statute and funding of European
political parties and European political foundations. Latest
consolidated version: 02014R1141-20141104
Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1142/2014 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 22 October 2014 amending Regulation (EU,
Euratom) No 966/2012 as regards the financing of European political
parties Regulation (EU) No 422/2014 of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 16 April 2014 adjusting with effect from 1 July
2011 the remuneration and pensions of officials and other servants
of the European Union and the correction coefficients applied
thereto. Latest consolidated version: 02014R0422-20140501
Regulation (EU) No 423/2014 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 16 April 2014 adjusting with effect from 1 July 2012 the
remuneration and pensions of officials and other servants of the
European Union and the correction coefficients applied thereto
Regulation (EU) No 1381/2013 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 17 December 2013 establishing a Rights, Equality and
Citizenship Programme for the period 2014 to 2020 Text with EEA
relevance. Latest consolidated version: 02013R1381-20131229
Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations
conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and repealing
Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the
Council and Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1074/1999 Regulation
(EU) No 526/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
21 May 2013 concerning the European Union Agency for Network and
Information Security (ENISA) and repealing Regulation (EC) No
460/2004 Text with EEA relevance. Latest consolidated version:
02013R0526-20130618
27 Eur-Lex states that the Directory “is still in an
experimental phase. Some references
may be missing, especially for amendments published after the
last consolidated version”.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/legislation.htmlhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32016R0794&qid=1477324981555&rid=1http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32016R0794&qid=1477324981555&rid=1http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32016R0794&qid=1477324981555&rid=1http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:02016R0794-20160524&qid=1477324981555http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32015R2219&qid=1477324981555&rid=2http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32015R2219&qid=1477324981555&rid=2http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32015R2219&qid=1477324981555&rid=2http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32015R0760&qid=1477324981555&rid=3http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32015R0760&qid=1477324981555&rid=3http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1141&qid=1477324981555&rid=4http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1141&qid=1477324981555&rid=4http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1141&qid=1477324981555&rid=4http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20141104&qid=1477324981555http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1142&qid=1477324981555&rid=5http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1142&qid=1477324981555&rid=5http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R1142&qid=1477324981555&rid=5http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0422&qid=1477324981555&rid=6http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0422&qid=1477324981555&rid=6http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0422&qid=1477324981555&rid=6http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:02014R0422-20140501&qid=1477324981555http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0423&qid=1477324981555&rid=7http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0423&qid=1477324981555&rid=7http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0423&qid=1477324981555&rid=7http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R1381&qid=1477324981555&rid=8http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R1381&qid=1477324981555&rid=8http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R1381&qid=1477324981555&rid=8http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:02013R1381-20131229&qid=1477324981555http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0883&qid=1477324981555&rid=9http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0883&qid=1477324981555&rid=9http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0883&qid=1477324981555&rid=9http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0883&qid=1477324981555&rid=9http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0526&qid=1477324981555&rid=10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0526&qid=1477324981555&rid=10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32013R0526&qid=1477324981555&rid=10http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:02013R0526-20130618&qid=1477324981555http://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/directories/consleg.html?root_default=CC_1_CODED%3D03,CC_2_CODED%3D0350&displayProfile=lastConsDocProfile&classification=in-force
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16 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
Regulation (EU) No 345/2013 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 17 April 2013 on European venture capital funds Text
with EEA relevance. Latest consolidated version:
02013R0345-20130515 Regulation (EU) No 346/2013 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2013 on European social
entrepreneurship funds Text with EEA relevance Regulation (EU) No
99/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January
2013 on the European statistical programme 2013-17 Text with
relevance for the EEA and for Switzerland. Latest consolidated
version: 02013R0099-20131229 Regulation (EU) No 1216/2012 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012
introducing, on the occasion of the accession of Croatia to the
European Union, special temporary measures for the recruitment of
Union officials and temporary staff Regulation (EU, Euratom) No
966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25
October 2012 on the financial rules applicable to the general
budget of the Union and repealing Council Regulation (EC, Euratom)
No 1605/2002. Latest consolidated version: 02012R0966-20160101
Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 741/2012 of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 11 August 2012 amending the Protocol on the
Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Annex I
thereto Regulation (EU) No 1173/2011 of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 16 November 2011 on the effective enforcement of
budgetary surveillance in the euro area. Latest consolidated
version: 02011R1173-20111213 Regulation (EU) No 1174/2011 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2011 on
enforcement measures to correct excessive macroeconomic imbalances
in the euro area Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the
rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by
Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers.
Latest consolidated version: 02011R0182-20110228 Regulation (EC) No
810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July
2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code). Latest
consolidated version: 02009R0810-20160412 Regulation (EC) No
763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July
2008 on population and housing censuses (Text with EEA relevance)
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual
obligations (Rome I). Latest consolidated version:
02008R0593-20080724 Regulation (EC) No 451/2008 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 establishing a new
statistical classification of products by activity (CPA) and
repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3696/93 (Text with EEA
relevance). Latest consolidated version: 02008R0451-20150101
Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual
obligations (Rome II). Latest consolidated version:
02007R0864-20090111 Regulation (EC) No 716/2007 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on Community
statistics on the structure and activity of foreign affiliates
(Text with EEA relevance). Latest consolidated version:
02007R0716-20130701 Regulation (EC) No 1986/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 regarding access
to the Second Generation Schengen Information System (SIS II) by
the services in the Member States responsible for issuing vehicle
registration certificates. Latest consolidated version:
02006R1986-20061228 Regulation (EC) No 1922/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on establishing a
European Institute for Gender Equality. Latest consolidated
version: 02006R1922-20070119 Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
(recast)
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1477324981555&rid=28http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32006R1920&qid=1477324981555&rid=28
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17 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 6 September 2006 on the application of the
provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information,
Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in
Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies
Regulation (EC) No 1161/2005 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 6 July 2005 on the compilation of quarterly
non-financial accounts by institutional sector. Latest consolidated
version: 02005R1161-20130701 Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding
public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission
documents. Latest consolidated version: 02001R1049-20010603
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with
regard to the processing of personal data by the Community
institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data.
Latest consolidated version: 02001R0045-20010201 Regulation (EU)
2016/867 of the European Central Bank of 18 May 2016 on the
collection of granular credit and credit risk data (ECB/2016/13)
Council Regulation (EU) 2016/369 of 15 March 2016 on the provision
of emergency support within the Union Council Regulation (EU)
2016/300 of 29 February 2016 determining the emoluments of EU
high-level public office holders Council Regulation (EU, Euratom)
2015/2264 of 3 December 2015 extending and phasing out the
temporary derogation measures from Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958
determining the languages to be used by the European Economic
Community and Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958 determining the
languages to be used by the European Atomic Energy Community
introduced by Regulation (EC) No 920/2005 Council Regulation (EU)
2015/373 of 5 March 2015 amending Regulation (EC) No 2533/98
concerning the collection of statistical information by the
European Central Bank Council Regulation (EU) No 1201/2014 of 7
November 2014 adjusting, with effect from 1 July 2011 , 1 July 2012
and 1 July 2013 , the rate of contribution to the pension scheme of
officials and other servants of the European Union Council
Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 of 26 May 2014 on the methods
and procedure for making available the traditional, VAT and
GNI-based own resources and on the measures to meet cash
requirements (Recast). Latest consolidated version:
02014R0609-20161001 Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 608/2014 of
26 May 2014 laying down implementing measures for the system of own
resources of the European Union. Latest consolidated version:
02014R0608-20140101 Council Regulation (EU) No 1414/2013 of 17
December 2013 laying down the weightings applicable from 1 July
2013 to the remuneration of officials, temporary staff and contract
staff of the European Union serving in third countries Council
Regulation (EU) No 1417/2013 of 17 December 2013 laying down the
form of the laissez-passer issued by the European Union. Latest
consolidated version: 02013R1417-20131228 Council Regulation (EU)
No 1415/2013 of 17 December 2013 adjusting, from 1 July 2013 , the
rate of contribution to the pension scheme of officials and other
servants of the European Union Council Regulation (EU) No 1416/2013
of 17 December 2013 adjusting with effect from 1 July 2013 the
correction coefficients applied to the remuneration and pensions of
officials and other servants of the European Union Council
Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1311/2013 of 2 December 2013 laying
down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2014-2020.
Latest consolidated version: 02013R1311-20150425 Council Regulation
(EU) No 1331/2013 of 10 December 2013 adjusting, from 1 July 2012 ,
the rate of contribution to the pension scheme of officials and
other servants of the European Union Regulation (EU) No 1011/2012
of the European Central Bank of 17 October 2012 concerning
statistics on holdings of securities (ECB/2012/24). Latest
consolidated version: 02012R1011-20181001 Council Regulation (EU,
Euratom) No 577/2012 of 26 June 2012 adjusting the correction
coefficients applicable to the remuneration and pensions of
officials and other servants of the European Union
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18 Legislating for Brexit: directly applicable EU law
Council Regulation (EU) No 964/2011 of 26 September 2011 laying
down the weightings applicable from 1 July 2010 to the remuneration
of officials, temporary staff and contract staff of the European
Union serving in third countries Council Regulation (EU, Euratom)
No 699/2011 of 18 July 2011 adjusting the correction coefficients
applicable to the remuneration and pensions of officials and other
servants of the European Union Commission Regulation (EU) No
428/2011 of 27 April 2011 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
312/2011 of 30 March 2011 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
315/2011 of 30 March 2011 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
313/2011 of 30 March 2011 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
316/2011 of 30 March 2011 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
111/2011 of 7 February 2011 concerning the classification of
certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 314/2011 of 30 March 2011 concerning the classification of
certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 112/2011 of 7 February 2011 concerning the classification
of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 113/2011 of 7 February 2011 concerning the classification
of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Council Regulation
(EU) No 1096/2010 of 17 November 2010 conferring specific tasks
upon the European Central Bank concerning the functioning of the
European Systemic Risk Board Commission Regulation (EU) No
1151/2010 of 8 December 2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No
763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on
population and housing censuses, as regards the modalities and
structure of the quality reports and the technical format for data
transmission Text with EEA relevance Commission Regulation (EU) No
1155/2010 of 1 December 2010 concerning the classification of
certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 1076/2010 of 22 November 2010 concerning the classification
of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 1065/2010 of 19 November 2010 concerning the classification
of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation
(EU) No 1067/2010 of 19 November 2010 concerning the classification
of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature Council Regulation
(EU) No 768/2010 of 26 August 2010 laying down the weightings
applicable from 1 July 2009 to the remuneration of officials,
temporary staff and contract staff of the European Union serving in
third countries Commission Regulation (EU) No 732/2010 of 11 August
2010 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No 731/2010 of 11 August
2010 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No 717/2010 of 6 August
2010 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No 716/2010 of 6 August
2010 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No 692/2010 of 30 July 2010
concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature
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-
19 Commons Library Briefing, 12 January 2017
Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 564/2010 of 29 June 2010
adjusting the correction coefficients applicable to the
remuneration and pensions of officials and other servants of the
European Union Commission Regulation (EU) No 519/2010 of 16 June
2010 adopting the programme of the statistical data and of the
metadata for population and housing censuses provided for by
Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the
Council (Text with EEA relevance) Commission Regulation (EU) No
465/2010 of 27 May 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
455/2010 of 26 May 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
380/2010 of 30 April 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
336/2010 of 21 April 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
310/2010 of 9 April 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EU) No
309/2010 of 9 April 2010 concerning the classification of certain
goods in the Combined Nomenclature Council Regulation (EC, Euratom)
No 257/2005 of 4 February 2005 laying down the weightings
applicable from 1 July 2004 to the remuneration of officials,
contract staff and temporary staff of the European Communities
serving in third countries and of certain officials remaining in
post in the 10 new Member States for a maximum period of 15 months
after accession Council Regulation (EC, EURATOM) No 1785/2004 of 5
October 2004 laying down the weightings applicable from 1 January
2004 to the remuneration of officials of the European Communities
serving in third countries Commission Regulation (EU) No 42/2010 of
15 January 2010 concerning the classification of certain goods in
the Combined Nomenclature Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No
1296/2009 of 23 December 2009 adjusting with effect from 1 July
2009 the remuneration and pensions of officials and other servants
of the European Union and the correction coefficients applied
thereto Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1295/2009 of 22
December 2009 adjusting with effect from 1 July 2009 the rate of
contribution to the pension scheme of officials and other servants
of the European Union Commission Regulation (EC) No 1051/2009 of 3
November 2009 concerning the classification of certain goods in the
Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EC) No 895/2009 of 23
September 2009 concerning the classification of certain goods in
the Combined Nomenclature Commission Regulation (EC) No 872/2009 of
18 September 2009 concerning the classification of certain goods in
the Combined Nomenclature. Latest consolidated version:
02009R0872-20091013 Commission Regulation (EC) No 834/2009 of 11
September 2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 716/2007 of the
European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on
the structure and activity of foreign affiliates, as regards the
quality reports (Text with EEA relevance) Commission Regulation
(EC) No 780/2009 of 27 August 2009 laying down provisions for
implementing the third subparagraph of Article 28a(2) and the third
subparagraph of Article 96(2) of the Conditions of Employment of
Other Servants of the European Communities (CEOS) Commission
Regulation (EC) No 717/2009 of 4 August 2009 concerning the
classification of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature
Commission Regulation (EC) No 718/2009 of 4 August 2009 concerning
the classification of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature
Commission Regulation (EC) No 674/2009 of 22 July 2009 concerning
the classification of certain goods in the Combined
Nomenclature
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