LEED ® for Schools for New Construction and Major Renovations First Edition Updated November 2007
LEED® for Schoolsfor New Construction and Major Renovations
First Edition
Updated November 2007
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
Table of ContentsIntroduction 4
Sustainable Sites 6SS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 6
SS Prerequisite 2: Environmental Site Assessment 7
SS Credit 1: Site Selection 8
SS Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity 9
SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment 10
SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access 11
SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Use 12
SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 13
SS Credit 4.4: Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity 14
SS Credit 5.1: Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat 15
SS Credit 5.2: Site Development: Maximize Open Space 16
SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control 17
SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control 18
SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof 19
SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof 20
SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction 21
SS Credit 9: Site Master Plan 23
SS Credit 10: Joint Use of Facilities 24
Water Efficiency 25WE Credit 1.1: Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50% 25
WE Credit 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation 26
WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies 27
WE Credit 3.1: Water Use Reduction: 20% Reduction 28
WE Credits 3.2 & 3.3: 30% or 40% Reduction 29
WE Credit 4: Process Water Use Reduction: 20% Reduction 30
Energy & Atmosphere 31EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems 31
EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance 33
EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management 34
EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance 35
EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy 37
EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning 38
EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management 40
EA Credit 5: Measurement & Verification 42
EA Credit 6: Green Power 43
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
Materials & Resources 44MR Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables 44
MR Credit 1.1: Building Reuse: Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 45
MR Credit 1.2: Building Reuse: Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 46
MR Credit 1.3: Building Reuse: Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements 47
MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management: Divert From Disposal 48
MR Credits 3.1 & 3.2: Materials Reuse 49
MR Credits 4.1 & 4.2: Recycled Content: (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) 50
MR Credits 5.1 & 5.2: Regional Materials: Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 51
MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials 52
MR Credit 7: Certified Wood 53
Indoor Environmental Quality 54EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance 54
EQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 55
EQ Prerequisite 3: Minimum Acoustical Performance 56
EQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 57
EQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation 58
EQ Credit 3.1: Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction 59
EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy 60
EQ Credit 4: Low-Emitting Materials 62
EQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 64
EQ Credit 6.1: Lighting System Design and Controllability 65
EQ Credit 6.2: Thermal Comfort Controllability 66
EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design 67
EQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification 68
EQ Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylighting 69
EQ Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces 70
EQ Credit 9: Enhanced Acoustical Performance 71
EQ Credit 10: Mold Prevention 72
Innovation & Design Process 73ID Credits 1.1–1.4: Innovation in Design 73
ID Credit 1 Option: Low Impact Cleaning and Maintenance: Equipment Policy 74
ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional 75
ID Credit 3: The School as a Teaching Tool 76
Certification Levels 79 Possible Pointsq Certified 29–36 points
q Silver 37–43 points
q Gold 44–57 points
q Platinum 58–79 points
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
IntroductionLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)Buildingsfundamentallyimpactpeople’slivesandthehealthoftheplanet.IntheUnitedStates,buildingsuseone-thirdofourtotalenergy,two-thirdsofourelectricity,one-eighthofourwater,andtransformlandthatprovidesvaluableecologicalresources.SincetheLEEDGreenBuildingRatingSystemforNewConstruction(LEED-NCversion2.0)wasfirstpublishedin1999,ithasbeenhelpingprofessionalsacrossthecountrytoimprovethequalityofourbuildingsandtheirimpactontheenvironment.
Asthegreenbuildingsectorgrowsexponentially,moreandmorebuildingprofessionals,owners,andoperatorsareseeingthebenefitsofgreenbuildingandLEEDcertification.Greendesignnotonlymakesapositiveimpactonpublichealthandtheenvironment,italsoreducesoperatingcosts,enhancesbuildingandorganizationalmarketability,potentiallyincreasesoccupantproductivity,andhelpscreateasustainablecommunity.LEEDfitsintothismarketbyprovidingratingsystemsthatarevoluntary,consensus-based,market-driven,basedonaccepted energy and environmental principles, and they strike a balance between established practices andemergingconcepts.
TheLEEDratingsystemsaredevelopedbyUSGBCcommittees,inadherencewithUSGBCpoliciesandpro-ceduresguidingthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofratingsystems.LEEDforSchoolsisonlypossibleduetothegenerousvolunteereffortsofmanyindividuals,andhasbeenindevelopmentforover3years.LEEDforSchoolsisoneofagrowingportfolioofratingsystemsservingspecificmarketsectors.
LEED for SchoolsTheLEEDforSchoolsRatingSystemrecognizestheuniquenatureofthedesignandconstructionofK-12schools.BasedonLEEDforNewConstruction,itaddressesissuessuchasclassroomacoustics,masterplan-ning,moldprevention,andenvironmentalsiteassessment.Byaddressingtheuniquenessofschoolspacesandchildren’shealthissues,LEEDforSchoolsprovidesaunique,comprehensivetoolforschoolsthatwishtobuildgreen,withmeasurableresults.LEEDforSchoolsistherecognizedthird-partystandardforhighperformanceschoolsthatarehealthyforstudents,comfortableforteachers,andcost-effective.
TheLEEDforSchoolsRatingSystemismostapplicabletonewconstructionandmajorrenovationprojectsinK-12educationalspaces.Otherprojects,suchasuniversityeducationalbuildings,K-12athleticfacilities,orinterpretivecenters,maychoosetouseLEEDforSchoolsiftheywish.
Why Certify?WhileLEEDRatingSystemscanbeusefuljustastoolsforbuildingprofessionals,therearemanyreasonswhyLEEDprojectcertificationcanbeanasset:
q Berecognizedforyourcommitmenttoenvironmentalissuesinyourcommunity,yourorganization(includ-ingstockholders),andyourindustry;
q Receivethirdpartyvalidationofachievement;
q Qualifyforagrowingarrayofstate&localgovernmentinitiatives;
q ReceivemarketingexposurethroughUSGBCWebsite,Greenbuildconference,casestudies,andmediaan-nouncements.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
RegistrationProjectteamsinterestedinobtainingLEEDcertificationfortheirprojectmustfirstregisteronline.Registra-tionduringearlyphasesoftheprojectwillensuremaximumpotentialforcertification.TheLEEDwebsite,www.leedbuilding.org,containsimportantdetailsaboutthecertificationreviewprocess,scheduleandfees.Theapplicantprojectmustsatisfactorilydocumentachievementofall theprerequisitesandaminimumnumberofpoints.SeetheLEEDforSchoolsprojectchecklistforthenumberofpointsrequiredtoachieveLEEDforSchoolsratinglevels.
Additional ResourcesVisittheLEEDWebsiteforavailabletoolsandsupport,suchastheLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuide,whichisessentiallyanexpandedversionofthisdocumentthatincludesapproach&implementation,calculationin-formation,andothersupplementalresources(essentialforallLEEDforSchoolsprojectteams).Alsoavailableonlinearefactsheets,casestudies,technicalsupportviaCreditInterpretations,informationonLEEDtrainingworkshops,andmore.
Disclaimer and Notices
TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilauthorizesyoutoviewtheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystemforyourindividualuseandtocopyas-is,orinpartifyoureferencetheoriginaldocument.Nocontentmaybealtered.Inexchangeforthisauthorization,youagreetoretainallcopyrightandotherproprietarynoticescon-tainedintheoriginalLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystem.YoualsoagreenottosellormodifytheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystemortoreproduce,displayordistributetheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSysteminanywayforanypublicorcommercialpurpose,includingdisplayonawebsiteorinanetworkedenvironment.UnauthorizeduseoftheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystemviolatescopyright,trademarkandotherlawsandisprohibited.Alltext,graphics,layoutandotherelementsofcontentcontainedintheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystemareownedbytheU.S.GreenBuild-ingCouncilandareprotectedbycopyrightunderbothUnitedStatesandforeignlaws.
Also,pleasenotethatnoneofthepartiesinvolvedinthefundingorcreationoftheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystem,includingtheU.S.GreenBuildingCounciloritsmembers,makeanywarranty(expressorimplied)orassumeanyliabilityorresponsibility,toyouoranythirdpartiesfortheaccuracy,completeness,oruseof,orrelianceon,anyinformationcontainedintheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystem,orforanyinjuries,lossesordamages(including,withoutlimitation,equitablerelief )arisingoutofsuchuseorreliance.
Asaconditionofuse,youcovenantnottosue,andagreetowaiveandreleasetheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilanditsmembersfromanyandallclaims,demandsandcausesofactionforanyinjuries,lossesordamages(in-cluding,withoutlimitation,equitablerelief )thatyoumaynoworhereafterhavearighttoassertagainstsuchpartiesasaresultofyouruseof,orrelianceon,theLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystem.
Copyright
Copyright©2007bytheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil.Allrightsreserved.
Trademark
LEED®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
SS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution PreventionRequired
Intent
Reducepollutionfromconstructionactivitiesbycontrollingsoilerosion,waterwaysedimentationandairbornedustgeneration.
Requirements
CreateandimplementanErosionandSedimentationControl(ESC)Planforallconstructionactivitiesassoci-atedwiththeproject.TheESCPlanshallconformtotheerosionandsedimentationrequirementsofthe2003EPAConstructionGeneralPermitORlocalerosionandsedimentationcontrolstandardsandcodes,whicheverismorestringent.ThePlanshalldescribethemeasuresimplementedtoaccomplishthefollowingobjectives:
q Prevent lossof soilduringconstructionby stormwater runoffand/orwinderosion, includingprotectingtopsoilbystockpilingforreuse.
q Preventsedimentationofstormsewerorreceivingstreams.
q Preventpollutingtheairwithdustandparticulatematter.
TheConstructionGeneralPermit(CGP)outlinestheprovisionsnecessarytocomplywithPhaseIandPhaseIIoftheNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)program.WhiletheCGPonlyappliestocon-structionsitesgreaterthan1acre,therequirementsareappliedtoallprojectsforthepurposesofthisprerequisite.InformationontheEPACGPisavailableat:cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp.cfm.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
CreateanErosionandSedimentationControlPlanduringthedesignphaseoftheproject.Consideremploy-ingstrategiessuchastemporaryandpermanentseeding,mulching,earthdikes,siltfencing,sedimenttrapsandsedimentbasins.
Sustainable Sites
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
SS Prerequisite 2: Environmental Site AssessmentRequired
Intent
Ensurethatthesiteisassessedforenvironmentalcontaminationandifcontaminated,thattheenvironmentalcontaminationhasbeenremediatedtoprotectchildren’shealth.
Requirements
ConductaPhaseIEnvironmentalSiteAssessment(asdescribedinASTME1527-05)todetermineifenviron-mentalcontaminationexistsatthesite.Ifcontaminationissuspected,conductaPhaseIIEnvironmentalSiteAssessment(asdescribedinASTME1903-97(2002)).
AND
Sitesthatarecontaminatedduetothepastexistenceofalandfillwithin1000feetofthesiteareprohibited.Ifthesiteisotherwisecontaminated,thenitmustberemediatedtomeetlocal,state,orfederalEPAregionresiden-tial(unrestricted)standardswhicheverismoststringent.Documentationfromtheauthoritymustbeprovided(suchasEPA’s“ReadyforReuse”document)toprove“safe”levelsofcontaminationhavebeenachieved.Astheremediationprocessleadstosignificantenvironmentalbenefit,one point(inSSCredit3)willbegivenforsuc-cessfuldocumentedremediationofthesite.
Potential Technologies and Strategies
Todiscoverifthesitehasanychemicalcontaminants,researchcurrentandpastsitelandusingthefollowing:
q Federal,stateandlocalregulatoryagencies’databasesandfiles
q Recordsofcurrentandpastlanduses
q Historicalaerialphotographs
q Privatelyheldenvironmentaldatabases
q Interviewswithpeoplefamiliarwiththesite’shistory(includingpastandpresentowners)
Manylocalagencieshavedatabasesregardingtheuseoftheland.Forexample,OregonDepartmentofEnviron-mentalQualityhasadatabaseofburiedfossilfuelstoragetanks.ThisDepartmentalsohasotherdatabases(e.g.,drycleanerlocations)thatcanbeusedtodeterminethehistoricalusageofthesite.Theselistscanbecompiledtodetermineifpotentialenvironmentalcontaminantsexistattheschool’sproposedsite.
Developandimplementasiteremediationplanusingstrategiessuchaspump-and-treat,bioreactors,landfarm-ingandin-situremediation.Contactyourstateenvironmentalprotectionagencytofindoutaboutremediationstandardsforresidential(unrestricted)use.ItisstronglyrecommendedthatprojectsusestandardsequivalentormorestringentthanEPARegion9clean-upstandards,asthesearesetatthemostappropriatelevelforprotect-ingchildren’shealthandsafety.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
SS Credit 1: Site Selection1 Point
Intent
Avoiddevelopmentofinappropriatesitesandreducetheenvironmentalimpactfromthelocationofabuildingonasite.
Requirements
Donotdevelopbuildings,hardscape,roadsorparkingareasonportionsofsitesthatmeetanyoneofthefol-lowingcriteria:
q PrimefarmlandasdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureintheUnitedStatesCodeofFederalRegulations,Title7,Volume6,Parts400to699,Section657.5(citation7CFR657.5)
q Previouslyundevelopedlandwhoseelevationislowerthan5feetabovetheelevationofthe100-yearfloodasdefinedbyFEMA(FederalEmergencyManagementAgency)
q LandthatisspecificallyidentifiedashabitatforanyspeciesonFederalorStatethreatenedorendangeredlists
q Within100feetofanywetlandsasdefinedbyUnitedStatesCodeofFederalRegulations40CFR,Parts230-233andPart22,andisolatedwetlandsorareasofspecialconcernidentifiedbystateorlocalrule,ORwithinsetbackdistancesfromwetlandsprescribedinstateorlocalregulations,asdefinedbylocalorstateruleorlaw,whicheverismorestringent
q Previouslyundevelopedlandthatiswithin50feetofawaterbody,definedasseas,lakes,rivers,streamsandtributarieswhichsupportorcouldsupportfish,recreationorindustrialuse,consistentwiththeterminologyoftheCleanWaterAct
q Landwhichpriortoacquisitionfortheprojectwaspublicparkland,unlesslandofequalorgreatervalueasparklandisacceptedintradebythepubliclandowner(ParkAuthorityprojectsareexempt)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Duringthesiteselectionprocess,givepreferencetothosesitesthatdonotincludesensitivesiteelementsandrestrictivelandtypes.Selectasuitablebuildinglocationanddesigntheschoolwiththeminimalfootprinttominimizesitedisruptionofthoseenvironmentallysensitiveareasidentifiedabove.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�
SS Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity1 Point
Intent
Channeldevelopmenttourbanareaswithexistinginfrastructure,protectgreenfieldsandpreservehabitatandnaturalresources.
Requirements
OPTION1—DEVELOPMENTDENSITY
ConstructorrenovatebuildingonapreviouslydevelopedsiteANDinacommunitywithaminimumdevelop-mentdensityof60,000squarefeetperacrenet(note:densitycalculationmustincludetheareaoftheprojectbeingbuiltandisbasedonatypicaltwo-storydowntowndevelopment).
Forthepurposesofthisoption,physicaleducationspacesthathavebeenincludedaspartoftheprojectsitesuchasplayingfieldsandassociatedbuildingsusedduringsportingeventsonly(suchasconcessionstands)andplaygroundswithplayequipmentareexcludedfromthedevelopmentdensitycalculations.
OR
OPTION2—COMMUNITYCONNECTIVITY
ConstructorrenovatebuildingonapreviouslydevelopedsiteANDwithin1/2mileofaresidentialzoneorneighborhoodwithanaveragedensityof10unitsperacrenetANDwithin1/2mileofatleast10BasicServicesANDwithpedestrianaccessbetweenthebuildingandtheservices.
BasicServicesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
1)Bank;2)PlaceofWorship;3)ConvenienceGrocery;4)DayCare;5)Cleaners;6)FireStation;7)Beauty;8)Hardware;9)Laundry;10)Library;11)Medical/Dental;12)SeniorCareFacility;13)Park;14)Pharmacy;15)PostOffice;16)Restaurant;17)OtherSchoolsorUniversities;18)Supermarket;19)Theater;20)CommunityCenter;21)FitnessCenter;22)Museum.
Proximityisdeterminedbydrawinga1/2-mileradiusaroundanybuildingentranceonasitemapandcountingtheserviceswithinthatradius.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Duringthesiteselectionprocess,givepreferencetourbansiteswithpedestrianaccesstoavarietyofservices.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
10
SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment1 Point
Intent
Rehabilitatedamagedsiteswheredevelopmentiscomplicatedbyenvironmentalcontamination,reducingpres-sureonundevelopedland.
Requirements
ProjectscanonlyobtainthispointviaSSPrerequisite2,byremediatingthesite.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Identifytaxincentivesandpropertycostsavings.Coordinatesitedevelopmentplanswithremediationactivity,asappropriate.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
11
SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation Public Transportation Access1 Point
Intent
Reducepollutionand/orlanddevelopmentimpactsfromindividualautomobileuse.
Requirements
OPTION1
Locateprojectwithin1/2mileofanexistingorplannedandfundedcommuterrail,lightrailorsubwaysta-tion.
OR
OPTION2
Locateprojectwithin1/4mileofoneormorestopsfortwoormorepublicorcampusbuslinesusablebybuild-ingoccupants.Aschoolbussystemmaycountasoneoftheselines.
OR
OPTION3
Showthattheschoolwheretheprojectislocatedhasanattendanceboundaryinwhichatleast80%ofstudentslivewithinnomorethan3/4mileforGrades8andbelow,and1-1/2milesforGrades9andabove.Inaddition,locatetheprojectonasitethatallowspedestrianaccesstothesitefromallresidentialneighborhoodsthathousetheplannedstudentpopulation.
ANDinallcases,providededicatedwalkingorbikeroutestothetransitthatextendfromtheschoolbuildingatleasttotheendoftheschoolpropertyin2ormoredifferentdirections,ensuringthatwalkingroutesandbikelaneshavenobarriersonschoolproperty(i.e.fences).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Performatransportationsurveyoffuturebuildingoccupantstoidentifytransportationneeds.Sitetheschoolnearmasstransit.Sitetheprojectneartheresidentialneighborhood(s)itwillbeserving.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation Bicycle Use1 Point
Intent
Reducepollutionand/orlanddevelopmentimpactsfromindividualautomobileuse.
Requirements
Providesecurebicycleracksand/orstorage(within200yardsofabuildingentrance)for5%ormoreofallbuild-ingstaffandstudentsabovethirdgradelevel(measuredatpeakperiods).
ANDprovideshowerandchangingfacilitiesinthebuilding,orwithin200yardsofabuildingentrance,for0.5%ofFull-TimeEquivalent(FTE)staff.
ANDprovidededicatedbikelanesthatextendatleasttotheendoftheschoolpropertyin2ormoredifferentdirections,ensuringthatbikelaneshavenobarriersonschoolproperty(i.e.fences).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building with transportation amenities such as bicycle racks and showering/changing facilities.Schooladministratorsshouldbeawareofissueswithstudentsandstaffsharingshowering/changingfacilitiesandensurethatbothgroupshaveaccesstofacilitiesandfeelcomfortableusingthem.Administratorsmaycon-siderprovidingseparateshowerfacilitiesiftherearenoprogrammaticwaystoprovideprivacyforstaffinsharedshowering/changingfacilities.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles1 Point
Intent
Reducepollutionand/orlanddevelopmentimpactsfromindividualautomobileuse.
Requirements
OPTION1
Developandimplementaplanforthebusesandmaintenancevehiclesservingtheschooltouse20%naturalgas,propane,biodieselorlow-emittingandfuel-efficientvehicles.
OR
OPTION2
Providepreferredparkingfor5%ofthetotalvehicleparkingcapacityofthesiteandatleastonedesignatedcarpooldrop-offareaforlow-emittingandfuel-efficientvehicles.
For the purposes of this credit, low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are defined as vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide.
“Preferred parking” refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of spaces designated for handicapped) or parking passes provided at a discounted price.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Providetransportationamenitiessuchasalternativefuelrefuelingstations.Considersharingthecostsandbenefitsofrefuelingstationswithneighbors.UsingB-20biodieselinallbusesandmaintenancevehiclesisonewaytoobtainthispointthroughOption1.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 4.4: Alternative Transportation Parking Capacity1 Point
Intent
Reducepollutionand/orlanddevelopmentimpactsfromindividualautomobileuse.
Requirements
OPTION1
SizeparkingcapacitytonotexceedminimumlocalzoningrequirementsANDprovidepreferredparkingforcarpoolsorvanpoolsfor5%ofthetotalprovidedparkingspaces.
OR
OPTION2
Providenonewparking.
OR
OPTION3
Forprojectsthathavenominimumlocalzoningrequirements,provide25%fewerparkingspacesthantheap-plicablestandardlistedinthe2003InstituteofTransportationEngineers(ITE)“ParkingGeneration”study(atwww.ite.org).
“Preferred parking” refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of spaces designated for handicapped) or parking passes provided at a discounted price.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Minimizeparkinglot/garagesize.Considersharingparkingfacilitieswithadjacentbuildings.Consideralterna-tivesthatwilllimittheuseofsingleoccupancyvehicles.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 5.1: Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat1 Point
Intent
Conserveexistingnaturalareasandrestoredamagedareastoprovidehabitatandpromotebiodiversity.
Requirements
Ongreenfieldsites,limitallsitedisturbanceto40feetbeyondthebuildingperimeter;10feetbeyondsurfacewalkways,patios,surfaceparkingandutilitieslessthan12inchesindiameter;15feetbeyondprimaryroadwaycurbsandmainutilitybranchtrenches;and25feetbeyondconstructedareaswithpermeablesurfaces(suchasperviouspavingareas,stormwaterdetentionfacilitiesandplayingfields)thatrequireadditionalstagingareasinordertolimitcompactionintheconstructedarea.
OR
Onpreviouslydevelopedorgradedsites,restoreorprotectaminimumof50%ofthesitearea(excludingthebuildingfootprint)withnativeoradaptedvegetation.Native/adaptedplantsareplantsindigenoustoalocalityorcultivarsofnativeplantsthatareadaptedtothelocalclimateandarenotconsideredinvasivespeciesornoxiousweeds.ProjectsearningSSCredit2andusingvegetatedroofsurfacesmayapplythevegetatedroofsurfacetothiscalculationiftheplantsmeetthedefinitionofnative/adapted.
Greenfield sites are those that are not previously developed or graded and remain in a natural state. Previously de-veloped sites are those that previously contained buildings, roadways, parking lots, or were graded or altered by direct human activities.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Ongreenfieldsites,performasitesurveytoidentifysiteelementsandadoptamasterplanfordevelopmentoftheprojectsite.Carefullysitethebuildingtominimizedisruptiontoexistingecosystemsanddesignthebuildingtominimizeitsfootprint.Strategiesincludestackingthebuildingprogram,tuck-underparkingandsharingfacili-tieswithneighbors.Establishclearlymarkedconstructionboundariestominimizedisturbanceoftheexistingsiteandrestorepreviouslydegradedareastotheirnaturalstate.Forpreviouslydevelopedsites,utilizelocalandregionalgovernmentalagencies,consultants,educationalfacilities,andnativeplantsocietiesasresourcesfortheselectionofappropriatenativeoradaptedplantmaterials.Prohibitplantmaterialslistedasinvasiveornoxiousweedspecies.Native/adaptedplantsrequireminimalornoirrigationfollowingestablishment,donotrequireactivemaintenancesuchasmowingorchemicalinputssuchasfertilizers,pesticidesorherbicides,andprovidehabitatvalueandpromotebiodiversitythroughavoidanceofmonocultureplantings.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 5.2: Site Development Maximize Open Space1 Point
Intent
Provideahighratioofopenspacetodevelopmentfootprinttopromotebiodiversity.
Requirements
OPTION1
Reducethedevelopmentfootprint(definedasthetotalareaofthebuildingfootprint,hardscape,accessroadsandparking)and/orprovidevegetatedopenspacewithintheprojectboundarytoexceedthelocalzoning’sopenspacerequirementforthesiteby25%.
OR
OPTION2
Forareaswithnolocalzoningrequirements(e.g.,someuniversitycampuses,militarybases),providevegetatedopenspaceareaadjacenttothebuildingthatisequaltothebuildingfootprint.
OR
OPTION3
Whereazoningordinanceexists,butthereisnorequirementforopenspace(zero),providevegetatedopenspaceequalto20%oftheproject’ssitearea.
ALLOPTIONS:
q ForprojectslocatedinurbanareasthatearnSSCredit2,vegetatedroofareascancontributetocreditcompli-ance.
q ForprojectslocatedinurbanareasthatearnSSCredit2,pedestrianorientedhardscapeareascancontributetocreditcompliance.Forsuchprojects,aminimumof25%oftheopenspacecountedmustbevegetated.
q Wetlandsornaturallydesignedpondsmaycountasopenspaceifthesideslopegradientsaverage1:4(vertical:horizontal)orlessandarevegetated.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Performasitesurveytoidentifysiteelementsandadoptamasterplanfordevelopmentoftheprojectsite.Se-lectasuitablebuildinglocationanddesignthebuildingwithaminimalfootprinttominimizesitedisruption.Strategiesincludestackingthebuildingprogram,tuck-underparkingandsharingfacilitieswithneighborstomaximizeopenspaceonthesite.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control1 Point
Intent
Limitdisruptionofnaturalhydrologybyreducingimperviouscover,increasingon-siteinfiltration,andmanag-ingstormwaterrunoff.
Requirements
OPTION1—EXISTINGIMPERVIOUSNESSISLESSTHANOREQUALTO50%
Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatpreventsthepost-developmentpeakdischargerateandquan-tityfromexceedingthepre-developmentpeakdischargerateandquantityfortheone-andtwo-year,24-hourdesignstorms.
OR
Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatprotectsreceivingstreamchannelsfromexcessiveerosionbyimplementingastreamchannelprotectionstrategyandquantitycontrolstrategies.
OR
OPTION2—EXISTINGIMPERVIOUSNESSISGREATERTHAN50%
Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatresultsina25%decreaseinthevolumeofstormwaterrunofffromthetwo-year,24-hourdesignstorm.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designtheprojectsitetomaintainnaturalstormwaterflowsbypromotinginfiltration.Specifyvegetatedroofs,perviouspaving,andothermeasurestominimizeimpervioussurfaces.Reusestormwatervolumesgeneratedfornon-potableusessuchaslandscapeirrigation,toiletandurinalflushingandcustodialuses.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control1 Point
Intent
Limitdisruptionandpollutionofnaturalwaterflowsbymanagingstormwaterrunoff.
Requirements
Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatreducesimperviouscover,promotesinfiltrationandcapturesandtreatsthestormwaterrunofffrom90%oftheaverageannualrainfallusingacceptablebestmanagementpractices(BMPs).
BMPsusedtotreatrunoffmustbecapableofremoving80%oftheaverageannualpostdevelopmenttotalsuspendedsolids(TSS)loadbasedonexistingmonitoringreports.BMPsareconsideredtomeetthesecriteriaif(1)theyaredesignedinaccordancewithstandardsandspecificationsfromastateorlocalprogramthathasadoptedtheseperformancestandards,or(2)thereexistsin-fieldperformancemonitoringdatademonstratingcompliancewiththecriteria.Datamustconformtoacceptedprotocol(e.g.,TechnologyAcceptanceReciprocityPartnership[TARP],WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology)forBMPmonitoring.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Usealternativesurfaces(e.g.,vegetatedroofs,perviouspavementorgridpavers)andnonstructuraltechniques(e.g.,raingardens,vegetatedswales,disconnectionofimperviousness,rainwaterrecycling)toreduceimpervi-ousnessandpromoteinfiltrationtherebyreducingpollutantloadings.Considerperviousmaterialsforphysicaleducationspaces,suchaswoodmulch,recycledrubbermulchandperviouspaving.
Usesustainabledesignstrategies(e.g.,LowImpactDevelopment,EnvironmentallySensitiveDesign)todesignintegratednaturalandmechanicaltreatmentsystemssuchasconstructedwetlands,vegetatedfiltersandopenchannelstotreatstormwaterrunoff.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
1�
Intent
Reduceheatislands(thermalgradientdifferencesbetweendevelopedandundevelopedareas)tominimizeimpactonmicroclimateandhumanandwildlifehabitat.
Requirements
OPTION1
Provideanycombinationofthefollowingstrategiesfor50%ofthesitehardscape(includingroads,sidewalks,courtyardsandparkinglots):
q Shade(within5yearsofoccupancy)
q PavingmaterialswithaSolarReflectanceIndex(SRI)ofatleast29
q Opengridpavementsystem
OR
OPTION2
Placeaminimumof50%ofparkingspacesundercover(definedasunderground,underdeck,underrooforunderabuilding).AnyroofusedtoshadeorcoverparkingmusthaveanSRIofatleast29.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Shadeconstructedsurfacesonthesitewithlandscapefeaturesandutilizehigh-reflectancematerialsforhardscape.Considerreplacingconstructedsurfaces(i.e.,roof,roads,sidewalks,etc.)withvegetatedsurfacessuchasvegetatedroofsandopengridpavingorspecifyhigh-albedomaterialstoreducetheheatabsorption.
SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect Non-Roof1 Point
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect Roof1 Point
Intent
Reduceheatislands(thermalgradientdifferencesbetweendevelopedandundevelopedareas)tominimizeimpactonmicroclimateandhumanandwildlifehabitat.
Requirements
OPTION1
UseroofingmaterialshavingaSolarReflectanceIndex(SRI)equaltoorgreaterthanthevaluesinthetablebelowforaminimumof75%oftheroofsurface.
OR
OPTION2
Installavegetatedroofforatleast50%oftheroofarea.
OR
OPTION3
Installhighalbedoandvegetatedroofsurfacesthat,incombination,meetthefollowingcriteria:
(AreaofSRIRoof/0.75)+(AreaofVegetatedRoof/0.5)>=TotalRoofArea
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Considerinstallinghigh-albedoandvegetatedroofstoreduceheatabsorption.SRIiscalculatedaccordingtoASTME1980.ReflectanceismeasuredaccordingtoASTME903,ASTME1918,orASTMC1549.Emit-tanceismeasuredaccordingtoASTME408orASTMC1371.ProductinformationisavailablefromtheCoolRoofRatingCouncilWebsite,atwww.coolroofs.org.
Roof Type Slope SRI
Low-Sloped Roof ≤ 2:12 78Steep-Sloped Roof > 2:12 29
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction1 Point
Intent
Minimizelighttrespassfromthebuildingandsite,reducesky-glowtoincreasenightskyaccess,improvenight-timevisibilitythroughglarereductionandreducedevelopmentimpactonnocturnalenvironments.
Requirements
FORINTERIORLIGHTING
Allnon-emergencyinteriorlighting,withadirectlineofsighttoanyopeningsintheenvelope(translucentortransparent),shallhaveitsinputpowerreduced(byautomaticdevice)byatleast50%betweenthehoursof11p.m.and5a.m.Afterhoursoverridemaybeprovidedbyamanualoroccupantsensingdeviceprovidedthattheoverridelastnomorethan30minutes.
OR
Allopeningsintheenvelope(translucentortransparent)withadirectlineofsighttoanynon-emergencylightingshallhaveshielding(foraresultanttransmittanceoflessthan10%)thatwillbecontrolled/closedbyautomaticdevicebetweenthehoursof11p.m.and5a.m.
AND
FOREXTERIORLIGHTING,excludingphysicaleducationspaces(playingfields)
Onlylightareasasrequiredforsafetyandcomfort.Donotexceed80%ofthelightingpowerdensitiesforexteriorareasand50%forbuildingfacadesandlandscapefeaturesasdefinedinASHRAE/IESNAStandard90.1-2004,ExteriorLightingSection,withoutamendments.
Allprojectsshallbeclassifiedunderoneofthefollowingzones,asdefinedinIESNARP-33,andshallfollowalloftherequirementsforthatspecificzone:
LZ1—Dark (Park and Rural Settings)
Designexteriorlightingsothatallsiteandbuildingmountedluminairesproduceamaximuminitialilluminancevaluenogreater than0.01horizontalandvertical footcandlesat the siteboundaryandbeyond.Documentthat0%ofthetotalinitialdesignedfixturelumensareemittedatanangleof90degreesorhigherfromnadir(straightdown).
LZ2—Low (Residential Areas)
Designexteriorlightingsothatallsiteandbuildingmountedluminairesproduceamaximuminitialilluminancevaluenogreaterthan0.10horizontalandverticalfootcandlesatthesiteboundaryandnogreaterthan0.01horizontalandverticalfootcandles10feetbeyondthesiteboundary.Documentthatnomorethan2%ofthetotalinitialdesignedfixturelumensareemittedatanangleof90degreesorhigherfromnadir(straightdown).Forsiteboundariesthatabutpublicrights-of-way,lighttrespassrequirementsmaybemetrelativetothecurblineinsteadofthesiteboundary.
LZ3—Medium (Commercial/Industrial, High-Density Residential)
Designexteriorlightingsothatallsiteandbuildingmountedluminairesproduceamaximuminitialillumi-nancevaluenogreaterthan0.20horizontalandverticalfootcandlesatthesiteboundaryandnogreaterthan
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
0.01horizontalandverticalfootcandles15feetbeyondthesite.Documentthatnomorethan5%ofthetotalinitialdesignedfixturelumensareemittedatanangleof90degreesorhigherfromnadir(straightdown).Forsiteboundariesthatabutpublicrights-of-way,lighttrespassrequirementsmaybemetrelativetothecurblineinsteadofthesiteboundary.
LZ4—High (Major City Centers, Entertainment Districts)
Designexteriorlightingsothatallsiteandbuildingmountedluminairesproduceamaximuminitialillumi-nancevaluenogreaterthan0.60horizontalandverticalfootcandlesatthesiteboundaryandnogreaterthan0.01horizontalandverticalfootcandles15feetbeyondthesite.Documentthatnomorethan10%ofthetotalinitialdesignedsitelumensareemittedatanangleof90degreesorhigherfromnadir(straightdown).Forsiteboundariesthatabutpublicrights-of-way,lighttrespassrequirementsmaybemetrelativetothecurblineinsteadofthesiteboundary.
Sports Field Lighting
AutomaticShutoff:Allsportslightingshallbeautomaticallycontrolledtoshutoffnolaterthan11p.m.Manualoverrideshallbeprovidedtoavoiddisruptionofschoolsponsoredsportingevents.
TrespassCalculations:Alltrespasscalculationsshallbesubmittedfortwoconditions:(1)Withthesportslight-ingturnedoffandallothersitelightingturnedon,thelighttrespassrequirementsareasstatedabove,and(2)withjustthesportslightingon,thelighttrespassrequirementsforhorizontalandverticalfootcandlesmaybeincreasedtothefollowingilluminancelevels:
LZ1=0.10
LZ2=0.30
LZ3=0.80
LZ4=1.50
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Adoptsitelightingcriteriatomaintainsafelightlevelswhileavoidingoff-sitelightingandnightskypollution.Minimizesitelightingwherepossibleandmodelthesitelightingusingacomputermodel.Technologiestoreducelightpollutionincludefullcutoffluminaires,low-reflectancesurfacesandlow-anglespotlights.
Notethatphysicaleducationspaces (playingfields)donotneedtocomplywiththe lightingpowerdensityrequirementsofthiscredit,asperASHRAE90.1section9.4.5,exceptionE.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
SS Credit 9: Site Master Plan1 Point
Intent
Ensuretheenvironmentalsiteissuesincludedintheinitialdevelopmentofthesiteandprojectarecontinuedthroughoutfuturedevelopmentduetochangesinprogramsordemography.
Requirements
Iftheprojectachievesatleast4outofthe7followingcreditsusingthetraditionalcalculationmethods,thenthiscreditrequiresthattheachievedcreditsberecalculatedusingthedatafromthemasterplan.Thesevencreditsinclude:
Credit1 SiteSelection
Credit5.1 SiteDevelopment,ProtectorRestoreHabitat
Credit5.2 SiteDevelopment,MaximizeOpenSpace
Credit6.1 StormwaterDesign,QuantityControl
Credit6.2 StormwaterDesign,QualityControl
Credit7.1 HeatIslandEffect,Non-Roof
Credit8 LightPollutionReduction
AND
Themasterplanfortheschoolmustbedevelopedincollaborationwiththeschoolboardorotherdecision-makingbody.Naturalareasanddesignedsustainablesitefeaturessuchasconstructedwetland,bioswale,etc.arepreserved.Themasterplan,therefore,mustincludecurrentconstructionactivityplusfutureconstruction(withinthebuilding’slifespan)thataffectsthesite.Themasterplandevelopmentfootprintshallalsoincludeparking,pavingandutilities.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
SiteDevelopmentshouldincludeallpotentialexpansionoftheschooltoaccommodatefutureneedswhileadher-ingandmaintainingtheenvironmentalsiteconditionsreferencedaboveandexplicitlynotedonthesiteplanasfutureexpansion.Includeinthismasterplanlocationsoftemporaryclassroomfacilitiesthatwillnotimpacttheselectedenvironmentalconditions.UseofGISdataandothersimilartechnologiesshouldbeusedtoestablishthesitecapacityandcharacteristics.DesignconsiderationsshouldincludefutureverticalorhorizontalHVAC,electricalandstructuralloadsbasedonthemasterplan.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
SS Credit 10: Joint Use of Facilities1 Point
Intent
Maketheschoolamoreintegratedpartofthecommunitybyenablingthebuildinganditsplayingfieldstobeusedfornon-schooleventsandfunctions.
Requirements
OPTION1
Incollaborationwiththeschoolboardorotherdecision-makingbody,ensurethatatleastthree(3)ofthefollow-ingspacesincludedintheschoolareaccessibletoandavailableforsharedusebythegeneralpublic:Auditorium;Gymnasium;Cafeteria/Cafetorium;oneormoreClassrooms;PlayingFields.
OPTION2
Incollaborationwiththeschoolboardorotherdecision-makingbody,engageinacontractwithcommunityorotherorganizationstoprovideatleasttwo(2)dedicated-usespacesinthebuilding.Dedicated-usespacesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
1)CommercialOffice;2)HealthClinic;3)CommunityServiceCenters(providedbystate,cityorcountyof-fices);4)PoliceOffices;5)Oneormorecommercialsectorbusinesses;etc.
FORBOTHOPTIONS1AND2
Providedirectpedestrianaccesstothesespaceswhileprovidingsecurityfortheschool.Designwillincludethefollowing:
q Providedoorsorsecuritygatestocloseoffthoseportionsoftheschoolthatarenotbeingusedduringoff-hourevents.
q Provideaseparateentrytospacesintendedforjointuse.
q Forinteriorspaces,provideaccessiblerestroomfacilitiesforsharedfacilitiesoftheschool.
OPTION3
Incollaborationwiththeschooldistrictorotherdecision-makingbody,ensurethatatleasttwoofthefollowingsix(6)spacesthatareownedbyotherorganizations/agenciesareaccessibletostudents:Auditorium;Gymna-sium;Cafeteria;oneormoreClassrooms;SwimmingPools;PlayingFields.Providedirectpedestrianaccesstothesespacesfromtheschool.Inaddition,providesignedagreementswiththeotherorganizations/agenciesthatstipulatehowtheschooldistrictandorganizations/agencieswillsharethesespaces.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Contactotherpublicagenciesandorganizationsthatmaywishtouseschoolfacilities.Forexample,ParksandRecreationDepartmentsmayneeduseofadditionalfieldswhileschooldistrictsmayneeduseofacommunitypool.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Water EfficiencyWE Credit 1.1: Water Efficient Landscaping Reduce by 50%1 Point
Intent
Limitoreliminatetheuseofpotablewaterorothernaturalsurfaceorsubsurfacewaterresourcesavailableonorneartheprojectsiteforlandscapeirrigation.
Requirements
Reducepotablewaterconsumptionforirrigationby50%fromacalculatedmid-summerbaselinecase.
Reductionsshallbeattributedtoanycombinationofthefollowingitems:
q Plantspeciesfactor
q Irrigationefficiency
q Useofcapturedrainwater
q Useofrecycledwastewater
q Useofwatertreatedandconveyedbyapublicagencyspecificallyfornon-potableuses
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Performasoil/climateanalysistodetermineappropriateplantmaterialanddesignthelandscapewithnativeoradaptedplantstoreduceoreliminateirrigationrequirements.Whereirrigationisrequired,usehigh-efficiencyequipmentand/orclimate-basedcontrollers.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
WE Credit 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation1 Point in addition to WE Credit 1.1
Intent
Eliminatetheuseofpotablewaterorothernaturalsurfaceorsubsurfacewaterresourcesavailableonorneartheprojectsiteforlandscapeirrigation.
Requirements
AchieveWECredit1.1and:
Useonlycapturedrainwater,recycledwastewater,recycledgraywaterorwatertreatedandconveyedbyapublicagencyspecificallyfornon-potableusesforirrigation.
OR
Installlandscapingthatdoesnotrequirepermanentirrigationsystems.Temporaryirrigationsystemsusedforplantestablishmentareallowedonlyifremovedwithinoneyearofinstallation.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Performasoil/climateanalysistodetermineappropriatelandscapetypesanddesignthelandscapewithindigenousplantstoreduceoreliminateirrigationrequirements.Considerusingstormwater,graywaterand/orcondensatewaterforirrigation.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies1 Point
Intent
Reducegenerationofwastewaterandpotablewaterdemand,whileincreasingthelocalaquiferrecharge.
Requirements
OPTION1
Reducepotablewateruseforbuildingsewageconveyanceby50%throughtheuseofwater-conservingfixtures(waterclosets,urinals)ornon-potablewater(capturedrainwater,recycledgraywaterandon-siteormunicipallytreatedwastewater).
OR
OPTION2
Treat50%ofwastewateron-sitetotertiarystandards.Treatedwatermustbeinfiltratedorusedon-site.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specifyhigh-efficiencyfixturesanddryfixturessuchascompostingtoiletsystemsandnon-waterusingurinalstoreducewastewatervolumes.Considerreusingstormwaterorgraywaterforsewageconveyanceoron-sitewaste-watertreatmentsystems(mechanicaland/ornatural).Optionsforon-sitewastewatertreatmentincludepackagedbiologicalnutrientremovalsystems,constructedwetlandsandhigh-efficiencyfiltrationsystems.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
WE Credit 3.1: Water Use Reduction 20% Reduction1 Point
Intent
Maximizewaterefficiencywithinbuildingstoreducetheburdenonmunicipalwatersupplyandwastewatersystems.
Requirements
Employstrategiesthatinaggregateuse20%lesswaterthanthewaterusebaselinecalculatedforthebuilding(notincludingirrigation)aftermeetingtheEnergyPolicyActof1992fixtureperformancerequirements.Cal-culationsarebasedonestimatedoccupantusageandshallincludeonlythefollowingfixtures(asapplicabletothebuilding):waterclosets,urinals,lavatoryfaucets,showersandkitchensinks.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Usehigh-efficiencyfixtures,dryfixturessuchascompostingtoiletsystemsandnon-waterusingurinals,andoc-cupantsensorstoreducethepotablewaterdemand.Considerreuseofstormwaterandgraywaterfornon-potableapplicationssuchastoiletandurinalflushingandcustodialuses.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Intent
Maximizewaterefficiencywithinbuildingstoreducetheburdenonmunicipalwatersupplyandwastewatersystems.
Requirements
Employstrategiesthatinaggregateuse30%(1point)or40%(2points)lesswaterthanthewaterusebaselinecalculatedforthebuilding(notincludingirrigation)aftermeetingtheEnergyPolicyActof1992fixtureperfor-mancerequirements.Calculationsarebasedonestimatedoccupantusageandshallincludeonlythefollowingfixtures(asapplicabletothebuilding):waterclosets,urinals,lavatoryfaucets,showersandkitchensinks.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Usehigh-efficiencyfixtures,dryfixturessuchascompostingtoiletsandwaterlessurinals,andoccupantsensorstoreducethepotablewaterdemand.Considerreuseofstormwaterandgraywaterfornon-potableapplicationssuchastoiletandurinalflushing,mechanicalsystemsandcustodialuses.
WE Credits 3.2 & 3.3: Water Use Reduction 30% or 40% Reduction1–2 Points in addition to WE Credit 3.1
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
WE Credit 4: Process Water Use Reduction 20% Reduction1 Point
Intent
Maximizewaterefficiencywithinbuildingstoreducetheburdenonmunicipalwatersupplyandwastewatersystems.
Requirements
Toreceivethiscredit,buildingsmusthave:
q Norefrigerationequipmentusingonce-throughcoolingwithpotablewater,AND
q Nogarbagedisposals,AND
q Atleast4processitemswherewateruseisatorbelowthelevelsshowninthetablebelow.Forequipmentnot addressed by the table, additional equipment performance requirements may be proposed provideddocumentationsupportingatleasta20%reductionovertheproposedbenchmarkorindustrystandardissubmitted.
Commercial Equipment Performance Requirements Table
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Assesstheprocesswaterequipmentneedsfortheprojectbasedonprogrammaticconsiderationsandsizeoftheschool.Specifytheuseofhigh-efficiencyequipment,appropriatelysized,toreducethepotablewaterdemand.
Equipment Type Maximum Water Use Other Requirements
Clothes Washers1 7.5 gallons/ft3/cycle
Dishwashers 1.0 gallons/rack
Ice Machines2 Lbs/day>175 No water-cooled machines
20 gallons/100 lbs
Lbs/day<175 No water-cooled machines
30 gallons/100 lbs
Food Steamers 2 gallons/hour Boilerless steamers only
Pre-Rinse Spray Valves 1.4 gallons/minute
1 Commercial CEE Tier 3a - Residential CEE (Consortium for Energy Efficiency) Tier 1
2 CEE Tier 3
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
Energy and AtmosphereEA Prereqiosite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy SystemsRequired
Intent
Verifythatthebuilding’senergy-relatedsystemsareinstalled,calibratedandperformaccordingtotheOwner’sProjectRequirements,BasisofDesignandConstructionDocuments.
Benefits of Commissioning
Benefitsof commissioning include reduced energyuse, loweroperating costs, reduced contractor callbacks,betterbuildingdocumentation,improvedoccupantproductivityandverificationthatthesystemsperforminaccordancewiththeowner’sprojectrequirements.
Requirements
Thefollowingcommissioningprocessactivitiesshallbecompletedbythecommissioningteam,inaccordancewiththisLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuide.
1) DesignateanindividualastheCommissioningAuthority(CxA)tolead,reviewandoverseethecompletionofthecommissioningprocessactivities.
a) TheCommissioningAuthorityshallhavedocumentedcommissioningauthorityexperienceinatleasttwobuildingprojects.
b) TheindividualservingastheCommissioningAuthorityshallbeindependentoftheproject’sdesignandconstructionmanagement, though theymaybe employeesof thefirmsproviding those services.TheCommissioningAuthoritymaybeaqualifiedemployeeorconsultantoftheOwner.
c) TheCommissioningAuthorityshallreportresults,findingsandrecommendationsdirectlytotheOwn-er.
d) Forprojectssmallerthan50,000squarefeet,theCommissioningAuthoritymayincludequalifiedpersonsonthedesignorconstructionteamswhohavetherequiredexperience.
2) TheOwnershalldocumenttheOwner’sProjectRequirements(OPR).ThedesignteamshalldeveloptheBasisofDesign(BOD).TheCommissioningAuthorityshallreviewthesedocumentsforclarityandcompleteness.TheOwneranddesignteamshallberesponsibleforupdatestotheirrespectivedocuments.
3) Developandincorporatecommissioningrequirementsintotheconstructiondocuments.
4) Developandimplementacommissioningplan.
5) Verifytheinstallationandperformanceofthesystemstobecommissioned.
6) Completeasummarycommissioningreport.
Commissioned Systems
Commissioningprocessactivitiesshallbecompletedforthefollowingenergy-relatedsystems,ataminimum:
q Heating,ventilating,air-conditioningandrefrigeration(HVAC&R)systems(mechanicalandpassive)andassociatedcontrols
q Lightinganddaylightingcontrols
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
q Domestichotwatersystems
q Renewableenergysystems(wind,solar,etc.)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Theprocessofcommissioningaschoolinvolvesadetailedreviewofbuildingsystemsduringconstructiontoconfirmthattheyarefunctioningproperly.Thisensuresthatbenefitsofenergysavingsandhighindoorenvi-ronmentalqualityareactuallyrealizedduringbuildingoperationsasintended.Commissioningprovidesalevelofqualitycontrolthathasbeenshowntoreducetheneedforcontractorcallbacks.
Inordertomeetthisprerequisite,ownersarerequiredtousequalifiedindividualstoleadthecommissioningpro-cess.Qualifiedindividualsareidentifiedasthosewhopossessahighlevelofexperienceinthefollowingareas:
q Energysystemsdesign,installationandoperation
q Commissioningplanningandprocessmanagement
q Hands-onfieldexperiencewithenergysystemsperformance,interaction,start-up,balancing,testing,trouble-shooting,operationandmaintenanceprocedures
q Energysystemsautomationcontrolknowledge
Ownersareencouragedtoconsiderincludingwater-usingsystems,buildingenvelopesystemsandothersystemsinthescopeofthecommissioningplan,asappropriate.Thebuildingenvelopeisanimportantcomponentofaschoolfacilitywhichimpactsenergyconsumption,occupantcomfortandindoorairquality.Buildingenvelopecommissioning,whilenotrequiredbyLEED,canresultinsignificantfinancialsavingsandreducedriskofpoorindoorairquality.
ThisLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuideprovidesguidanceontherigorexpectedforthisprerequisiteforthefollowing:
q Owner’sProjectRequirements
q BasisofDesign
q CommissioningPlan
q CommissioningSpecification
q PerformanceVerificationDocumentation
q CommissioningReport
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy PerformanceRequired
Intent
Establishtheminimumlevelofenergyefficiencyfortheproposedbuildingandsystems.
Requirements
Designthebuildingprojecttocomplywithboth—
q themandatoryprovisions(Sections5.4,6.4,7.4,8.4,9.4and10.4)ofASHRAE/IESNAStandard90.1-2004(withoutamendments);and
q theprescriptiverequirements(Sections5.5,6.5,7.5and9.5)orperformancerequirements(Section11)ofASHRAE/IESNAStandard90.1-2004(withoutamendments).
AND
q theprojectmustestablishanEnergyPerformanceRatinggoalforthefacilitydesignusingEPA’sTargetFinderratingtool.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designthebuildingenvelope,HVAC,lightingandothersystemstomaximizeenergyperformance.TheASHRAE90.1-2004User’sManualcontainsworksheetsthatcanbeusedtodocumentcompliancewiththisprerequisite.ThecomputersimulationmodelusedforEACredit1mayalsobeusedtoconfirmsatisfactionofthisprerequisite.
Ifalocalcodehasdemonstratedquantitativeandtextualequivalencefollowing,ataminimum,theU.S.Depart-mentofEnergystandardprocessforcommercialenergycodedetermination,thenitmaybeusedtosatisfythisprerequisiteinlieuofASHRAE90.1-2004.DetailsontheDOEprocessforcommercialenergycodedetermina-tioncanbefoundatwww.energycodes.gov/implement/determinations_com.stm.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementRequired
Intent
Reduceozonedepletion.
Requirements
ZerouseofCFC-basedrefrigerantsinnewbasebuildingHVAC&Rsystems.WhenreusingexistingbasebuildingHVACequipment,completeacomprehensiveCFCphase-outconversionpriortoprojectcompletion.Phase-outplansextendingbeyondtheprojectcompletiondatewillbeconsideredontheirmerits.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
WhenreusingexistingHVACsystems,conductaninventorytoidentifyequipmentthatusesCFCrefrigerantsandprovideareplacementschedulefortheserefrigerants.Fornewbuildings,specifynewHVACequipmentthatusesnoCFCrefrigerants.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
35
EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance2–10 Points2 points mandatory
Intent
Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the baseline in the prerequisite standard to reduce envi-ronmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.
Requirements
OPTION 1—WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION
Demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared to the baseline building performance rating per ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 by a whole building project simulation using the Building Performance Rating Method in Appendix G of the Standard. The minimum energy cost savings percentage for each point threshold is as follows:
Appendix G of Standard 90.1-2004 requires that the energy analysis done for the Building Performance Rating Method include ALL of the energy costs within and associated with the building project. To achieve points using this credit, the proposed design—
❑ must comply with the mandatory provisions (Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4) in Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments);
❑ must include all the energy costs within and associated with the building project; and
❑ must be compared against a baseline building that complies with Appendix G to Standard 90.1-2004. The default process energy cost is 25% of the total energy cost for the baseline building. For buildings where the process energy cost is less than 25% of the baseline building energy cost, the LEED submittal must include supporting documentation substantiating that process energy inputs are appropriate.
For the purpose of this analysis, process energy is considered to include, but is not limited to, office and general miscellaneous equipment, computers, elevators and escalators, kitchen cooking and refrigeration, laundry washing and drying, lighting exempt from the lighting power allowance (e.g., lighting integral to medical equipment) and other (e.g., waterfall pumps). Regulated (non-process) energy includes lighting (such as for the interior, parking garage, surface parking, façade or building grounds, except as noted above), HVAC (such as for space heating, space cooling, fans, pumps, toilet exhaust, parking garage ventilation, kitchen hood exhaust, etc.), and service water heating for space heating purposes.
New Buildings Existing Building Renovations Points
14% 7% 2 17.5% 10.5% 3 21% 14% 4 24.5% 17.5% 5 28% 21% 6 31.5% 24.5% 7 35% 28% 8 38.5% 31.5% 9 42% 35% 10
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
36
For EA Credit 1, process loads shall be identical for both the baseline building performance rating and for the proposed building performance rating. However, project teams may follow the Exceptional Calculation Method (ASHRAE 90.1-2004 G2.5) to document measures that reduce process loads. Documentation of process load energy savings shall include a list of the assumptions made for both the base and proposed design and theoretical or empirical information supporting these assumptions.
OR
OPTION 2— PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH: Advanced Buildings™ Core Performance™ Guide (2-5 Points)
Comply with the prescriptive measures identified in the Advanced Buildings™ Core Performance™ Guide developed by the New Buildings Institute. The following restrictions apply:
❑ The project must be a school under 100,000 square feet.
❑ Project teams must fully comply with Sections One, Design Process Strategies, and Two, Core Performance Requirements.
Minimum points achieved under Option 3 (2-3 points):
❑ Three (3) points are available for all school projects under 100,000 square feet that comply with Sections One and Two of the Core Performance Guide.
❑ Two (2) points are available for all other project types under 100,000 square feet that implement the basic requirements of the Core Performance Guide
Additional points available under Option 3 (up to 2 additional points):
❑ Up to two (2) additional points are available to projects that implement performance strategies listed in Sec-tion Three, Enhanced Performance. For every three strategies implemented from this section, one point is available.
❑ Any strategies applicable to the project may be implemented except:
3.1-Cool Roofs
3.8-Night Venting
3.13-Additional Commissioning
These strategies are addressed by different aspects of the LEED program and are not eligible for additional points under EA Credit 1.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building envelope and systems to maximize energy performance. Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy performance and identify the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Quantify energy performance as compared to a baseline building.
If a local code has demonstrated quantitative and textual equivalence following, at a minimum, the U.S. Department of Energy standard process for commercial energy code determination, then the results of that analysis may be used to correlate local code performance with ASHRAE 90.1-2004. Details on the DOE process for commercial energy code determination can be found at www.energycodes.gov/implement/ determinations_com.stm.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Intent
Encourageandrecognizeincreasinglevelsofon-siterenewableenergyself-supplyinordertoreduceenvironmentalandeconomicimpactsassociatedwithfossilfuelenergyuse.
Requirements
Useon-siterenewableenergysystemstooffsetbuildingenergycost.Calculateprojectperformancebyexpressingtheenergyproducedbytherenewablesystemsasapercentageofthebuildingannualenergycostandusingthetablebelowtodeterminethenumberofpointsachieved.
UsethebuildingannualenergycostcalculatedinEACredit1orusetheDepartmentofEnergy(DOE)Com-mercialBuildingsEnergyConsumptionSurvey(CBECS)databasetodeterminetheestimatedelectricityuse.(TableofusefordifferentbuildingtypesisprovidedinthisReferenceGuide.)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Assess theproject fornon-pollutingandrenewableenergypotential includingsolar,wind,geothermal, low-impacthydro,biomassandbio-gasstrategies.Whenapplyingthesestrategies,takeadvantageofnetmeteringwiththelocalutility.
Schoolofficialsshouldcontacttheirlocalutilitiesandstateenergyofficestoidentifypotentialfinancialincen-tivesthatcanpayforsomeoralloftherenewableenergysystem.Inaddition,somecompaniesofferdesign,construction,maintenanceandfinancingofrenewableenergysystemsiftheschoolbuysalltheenergyoutputofthesystemforasetfeeandtimeperiod.
EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy1–3 Points
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning1 Point
Intent
Beginthecommissioningprocessearlyduringthedesignprocessandexecuteadditionalactivitiesaftersystemsperformanceverificationiscompleted.
Requirements
Implement,orhaveacontractinplacetoimplement,thefollowingadditionalcommissioningprocessactivitiesinadditiontotherequirementsofEAPrerequisite1andinaccordancewiththisLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuide:
1. Priortothestartoftheconstructiondocumentsphase,designateanindependentCommissioningAuthority(CxA)tolead,reviewandoverseethecompletionofallcommissioningprocessactivities.TheCxAshall,ataminimum,performTasks2,3and6.OtherteammembersmayperformTasks4and5.
a. TheCommissioningAuthorityshallhavedocumentedcommissioningauthorityexperienceinatleasttwobuildingprojects.
b. TheindividualservingastheCommissioningAuthorityshallbe—
i. independentoftheworkofdesignandconstruction;
ii. notanemployeeofthedesignfirm,thoughtheymaybecontractedthroughthem;
iii.notanemployeeof,orcontractedthrough,acontractororconstructionmanagerholdingconstructioncontracts;and
iv. (canbe)aqualifiedemployeeorconsultantoftheOwner.
c. TheCommissioningAuthorityshallreportresults,findingsandrecommendationsdirectlytotheOwn-er.
d. Thisrequirementhasnodeviationforprojectsize.
2. TheCommissioningAuthorityshallconduct,ataminimum,onecommissioningdesignreviewoftheOwner’sProjectRequirements(OPR),BasisofDesign(BOD)anddesigndocumentspriortomid-constructiondocu-mentsphaseandback-checkthereviewcommentsinthesubsequentdesignsubmission.
3. TheCommissioningAuthorityshallreviewcontractorsubmittalsapplicabletosystemsbeingcommissionedforcompliancewiththeOPRandBOD.ThisreviewshallbeconcurrentwithA/EreviewsandsubmittedtothedesignteamandtheOwner.
4. Developasystemsmanualthatprovidesfutureoperatingstafftheinformationneededtounderstandandoptimallyoperatethecommissionedsystems.
5. Verifythattherequirementsfortrainingoperatingpersonnelandbuildingoccupantsarecompleted.
6. AssuretheinvolvementbytheCommissioningAuthorityinreviewingbuildingoperationwithin10monthsaftersubstantialcompletionwithO&Mstaffandoccupants.Includeaplanforresolutionofoutstandingcommissioning-relatedissues.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Potential Technologies & Strategies
AlthoughitispreferablethattheCommissioningAuthoritybecontractedbytheOwner,fortheenhancedcom-missioningcredit,theCommissioningAuthoritymayalsobecontractedthroughthedesignfirmsorconstructionmanagementfirmsnotholdingconstructioncontracts.
ThisLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuideprovidesdetailedguidanceontherigorexpectedforfollowingprocessactivities:
q Commissioningdesignreview
q Commissioningsubmittalreview
q Systemsmanual
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management1 Point
Intent
Reduceozonedepletionand supportearlycompliancewith theMontrealProtocolwhileminimizingdirectcontributionstoglobalwarming.
Requirements
OPTION1
Donotuserefrigerants.
OR
OPTION2
SelectrefrigerantsandHVAC&Rthatminimizeoreliminatetheemissionofcompoundsthatcontributetoozonedepletionandglobalwarming.ThebasebuildingHVAC&Requipmentshallcomplywiththefollow-ingformula,whichsetsamaximumthresholdforthecombinedcontributionstoozonedepletionandglobalwarmingpotential:
LCGWP+LCODPx105≤100
Where:
LCODP=[ODPrx(LrxLife+Mr)xRc]/Life
LCGWP=[GWPrx(LrxLife+Mr)xRc]/Life
LCODP:LifecycleOzoneDepletionPotential(lbCFC11/Ton-Year)
LCGWP:LifecycleDirectGlobalWarmingPotential(lbCO2/Ton-Year)
GWPr:GlobalWarmingPotentialofRefrigerant(0to12,000lbCO2/lbr)
ODPr:OzoneDepletionPotentialofRefrigerant(0to0.2lbCFC11/lbr)
Lr:RefrigerantLeakageRate(0.5%to2.0%;defaultof2%unlessotherwisedemonstrated)
Mr:End-of-lifeRefrigerantLoss(2%to10%;defaultof10%unlessotherwisedemonstrated)
Rc:RefrigerantCharge(0.5to5.0lbsofrefrigerantpertonofcoolingcapacity)
Life:EquipmentLife(10years;defaultbasedonequipmenttype,unlessotherwisedemonstrated)
Formultipletypesofequipment,aweightedaverageofallbasebuildinglevelHVAC&Requipmentshallbeappliedusingthefollowingformula:
[∑(LCGWP+LCODPx105)xQunit]/Qtotal≤100
Where:
Qunit=CoolingcapacityofanindividualHVACorrefrigerationunit(Tons)
Qtotal=TotalcoolingcapacityofallHVACorrefrigeration(Tons)
SmallHVACunits(definedascontaininglessthan0.5lbsofrefrigerant)andotherequipment,suchasstandardrefrigerators,smallwatercoolersandanyothercoolingequipmentthatcontainslessthan0.5lbsofrefrigerant,
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
arenotconsideredpartofthe“basebuilding”systemandarenotsubjecttotherequirementsofthiscredit.
AND
Donotinstallfiresuppressionsystemsthatcontainozone-depletingsubstances(CFCs,HCFCsorHalons).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designandoperate theschoolwithoutmechanicalcoolingandrefrigerationequipment.Wheremechanicalcoolingisused,utilizebasebuildingHVACandrefrigerationsystemsfortherefrigerationcyclethatminimizedirectimpactonozonedepletionandglobalwarming.SelectHVAC&Requipmentwithreducedrefrigerantchargeandincreasedequipmentlife.Maintainequipmenttopreventleakageofrefrigeranttotheatmosphere.UtilizefiresuppressionsystemsthatdonotcontainHCFCsorHalons.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EA Credit 5: Measurement & Verification1 Point
Intent
Providefortheongoingaccountabilityofbuildingenergyconsumptionovertime.
Requirements
q DevelopandimplementaMeasurement&Verification(M&V)PlanconsistentwithOptionD:CalibratedSimulation(SavingsEstimationMethod2)orOptionB:EnergyConservationMeasureIsolation,asspeci-fiedintheInternational Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April, 2003.
q TheM&Vperiodshallcoveraperiodofnolessthanoneyearofpost-constructionoccupancy.
q ProvideaprocessforcorrectiveactiontoensureenergysavingsarerealizediftheresultsoftheM&Vplanindicatethatenergysavingsarenotbeingachieved
Potential Technologies & Strategies
DevelopanM&VPlantoevaluatebuildingand/orenergysystemperformance.Characterizethebuildingand/orenergysystemsthroughenergysimulationorengineeringanalysis.Installthenecessarymeteringequipmenttomeasureenergyuse.Trackperformancebycomparingpredictedperformancetoactualperformance,brokendownbycomponentorsystem,asappropriate.Evaluateenergyefficiencybycomparingactualperformancetobaselineperformance.
WhiletheIPMVPdescribesspecificactionsforverifyingsavingsassociatedwithenergyconservationmeasures(ECMs)andstrategies,thisLEEDcreditexpandsupontypicalIPMVPM&Vobjectives.M&VactivitiesshouldnotnecessarilybeconfinedtoenergysystemswhereECMsorenergyconservationstrategieshavebeenimple-mented.TheIPMVPprovidesguidanceonM&Vstrategiesandtheirappropriateapplicationsforvarioussitu-ations.Thesestrategiesshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithmonitoringandtrendloggingofsignificantenergysystemstoprovidefortheongoingaccountabilityofbuildingenergyperformance.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EA Credit 6: Green Power1 Point
Intent
Encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollutionbasis.
Requirements
Provideatleast35%ofthebuilding’selectricityfromrenewablesourcesbyengaginginatleastatwo-yearre-newableenergycontract.RenewablesourcesareasdefinedbytheCenterforResourceSolutions(CRS)Green-eproductscertificationrequirements.
DETERMINETHEBASELINEELECTRICITYUSE
UsetheannualelectricityconsumptionfromtheresultsofEACredit1.
OR
UsetheDepartmentofEnergy(DOE)CommercialBuildingsEnergyConsumptionSurvey(CBECS)databasetodeterminetheestimatedelectricityuse.
Schooldistrictscanpurchasegreenpoweronacentralizedbasisandallocatethegreenpowertoaspecificproj-ect.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Determinetheenergyneedsofthebuildingandinvestigateopportunitiestoengageinagreenpowercontract.Greenpowerisderivedfromsolar,wind,geothermal,biomassorlow-impacthydrosources.Visitwww.green-e.orgfordetailsabouttheGreen-eprogram.ThepowerproductpurchasedtocomplywithcreditrequirementsneednotbeGreen-ecertified.OthersourcesofgreenpowerareeligibleiftheysatisfytheGreen-eprogram’stechnicalrequirements.Renewableenergycertificates(RECs),tradablerenewablecertificates(TRCs),greentagsandotherformsofgreenpowerthatcomplywithGreen-e’stechnicalrequirementscanbeusedtodocumentcompliancewithEACredit6requirements.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Materials and Resources
Intent
Facilitatethereductionofwastegeneratedbybuildingoccupantsthatishauledtoanddisposedofinlandfills.
Requirements
Provideaneasilyaccessibleareathatservestheentirebuildingandisdedicatedtothecollectionandstorageofnon-hazardousmaterialsforrecycling,including(ataminimum)paper,corrugatedcardboard,glass,plasticsandmetals.Anareashouldalsobededicatedtocollectionandstorageofplant-basedlandscapingdebris(trimmings),unlessthesitehasnolandscaping.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Coordinatethesizeandfunctionalityoftherecyclingareaswiththeanticipatedcollectionservicesforglass,plastic,officepaper,newspaper,cardboardandorganicwastestomaximizetheeffectivenessofthededicatedareas.Consideremployingcardboardbalers,aluminumcancrushers,recyclingchutesandcollectionbinsatindividualworkstationstofurtherenhancetherecyclingprogram.
MR Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of RecyclablesRequired
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credit 1.1: Building Reuse Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof1 Point
Intent
Extendthelifecycleofexistingbuildingstock,conserveresources,retainculturalresources,reducewasteandreduceenvironmentalimpactsofnewbuildingsastheyrelatetomaterialsmanufacturingandtransport.
Requirements
Maintainatleast75%(basedonsurfacearea)ofexistingbuildingstructure(includingstructuralfloorandroofdecking)andenvelope(exteriorskinandframing,excludingwindowassembliesandnon-structuralroofingmate-rial).Hazardousmaterialsthatareremediatedasapartoftheprojectscopeshallbeexcludedfromthecalculationofthepercentagemaintained.Iftheprojectincludesanadditiontoanexistingbuilding,thiscreditisnotap-plicableifthesquarefootageoftheadditionismorethan2timesthesquarefootageoftheexistingbuilding.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Considerreuseofexisting,previouslyoccupiedbuildings,includingstructure,envelopeandelements.Removeelements thatposecontaminationrisk tobuildingoccupantsandupgradecomponents thatwould improveenergyandwaterefficiencysuchaswindows,mechanicalsystemsandplumbingfixtures.Quantifytheextentofbuildingreuse.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credit 1.2: Building Reuse Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1 Point in addition to MR Credit 1.1
Intent
Extendthelifecycleofexistingbuildingstock,conserveresources,retainculturalresources,reducewasteandreduceenvironmentalimpactsofnewbuildingsastheyrelatetomaterialsmanufacturingandtransport.
Requirements
Maintainanadditional20%(95%total,basedonsurfacearea)ofexistingbuildingstructure(includingstructuralfloorandroofdecking)andenvelope(exteriorskinandframing,excludingwindowassembliesandnon-struc-turalroofingmaterial).Hazardousmaterialsthatareremediatedasapartoftheprojectscopeshallbeexcludedfromthecalculationofthepercentagemaintained.Iftheprojectincludesanadditiontoanexistingbuilding,thiscreditisnotapplicableifthesquarefootageoftheadditionismorethantwotimesthesquarefootageoftheexistingbuilding.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Considerreuseofexisting,previouslyoccupiedbuildings,includingstructure,envelopeandelements.Removeelements thatposecontaminationrisk tobuildingoccupantsandupgradecomponents thatwould improveenergyandwaterefficiencysuchaswindows,mechanicalsystemsandplumbingfixtures.Quantifytheextentofbuildingreuse.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credit 1.3: Building Reuse Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements1 Point
Intent
Extendthelifecycleofexistingbuildingstock,conserveresources,retainculturalresources,reducewasteandreduceenvironmentalimpactsofnewbuildingsastheyrelatetomaterialsmanufacturingandtransport.
Requirements
Useexistinginteriornon-structuralelements(interiorwalls,doors,floorcoveringsandceilingsystems)inatleast50%(byarea)ofthecompletedbuilding(includingadditions).Iftheprojectincludesanadditiontoanexistingbuilding,thiscreditisnotapplicableifthesquarefootageoftheadditionismorethantwotimesthesquarefootageoftheexistingbuilding.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Considerreuseofexisting,previouslyoccupiedbuildings,includingstructure,envelopeandinteriornon-struc-turalelements.Removeelementsthatposecontaminationrisktobuildingoccupantsandupgradecomponentsthatwouldimproveenergyandwaterefficiency,suchasmechanicalsystemsandplumbingfixtures.Quantifytheextentofbuildingreuse.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credits 2.1 & 2.2: Construction Waste Management Divert From Disposal1–2 Points
Intent
Divertconstruction,demolitionandland-clearingdebrisfromdisposalinlandfillsandincinerators.Redirectrecy-clablerecoveredresourcesbacktothemanufacturingprocess.Redirectreusablematerialstoappropriatesites.
Requirements
Recycleand/orsalvageatleast
q 50%(1point)
q 75%(2points)
ofnon-hazardousconstructionanddemolitiondebris.Developandimplementaconstructionwastemanagementplanthat,ataminimum,identifiesthematerialstobedivertedfromdisposalandwhetherthematerialswillbesortedon-siteorcomingled.Excavatedsoilandland-clearingdebrisdonotcontributetothiscredit.Calculationscanbedonebyweightorvolumebutmustbeconsistentthroughout.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establishgoalsfordiversionfromdisposalinlandfillsandincineratorsandadoptaconstructionwastemanage-mentplantoachievethesegoals.Considerrecyclingcardboard,metal,brick,acousticaltile,concrete,plastic,cleanwood,glass,gypsumwallboard,carpet,andinsulation.Designateaspecificarea(s)ontheconstructionsiteforsegregatedorcomingledcollectionofrecyclablematerialsandtrackrecyclingeffortsthroughouttheconstruc-tionprocess.Identifyconstructionhaulersandrecyclerstohandlethedesignatedmaterials.Notethatdiversionmayincludedonationofmaterialstocharitableorganizationsandsalvageofmaterialson-site.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credits 3.1 & 3.2: Materials Reuse1–2 Points
Intent
Reusebuildingmaterialsandproductsinordertoreducedemandforvirginmaterialsandtoreducewaste,therebyreducingimpactsassociatedwiththeextractionandprocessingofvirginresources.
Requirements
Usesalvaged,refurbishedorreusedmaterialssuchthatthesumofthesematerialsconstitutesatleast
q 5%(1point)
q 10%(2points)
basedoncost,ofthetotalvalueofmaterialsontheproject.
Mechanical,electricalandplumbingcomponentsandspecialtyitemssuchaselevatorsandequipmentshallnotbeincludedinthiscalculation.Onlyincludematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded,providingitisincludedconsistentlyinMRCredits3–7.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Identifyopportunitiesto incorporatesalvagedmaterials intobuildingdesignandresearchpotentialmaterialsuppliers.Considersalvagedmaterialssuchasbeamsandposts,flooring,paneling,doorsandframes,cabinetryandfurniture,brickanddecorativeitems.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
MR Credits 4.1 & 4.2: Recycled Content (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer)1–2 Points
Intent
Increasedemandforbuildingproducts that incorporaterecycledcontentmaterials, therebyreducing impactsresultingfromextractionandprocessingofvirginmaterials.
Requirements
Usematerialswithrecycledcontentsuchthatthesumofpost-consumerrecycledcontentplusone-halfofthepre-consumercontentconstitutesatleast
q 10%(1point)
q 20%(2points)
(basedoncost)ofthetotalvalueofthematerialsintheproject.
Therecycledcontentvalueofamaterialassemblyshallbedeterminedbyweight.Therecycledfractionoftheassemblyisthenmultipliedbythecostofassemblytodeterminetherecycledcontentvalue.
Mechanical,electricalandplumbingcomponentsandspecialtyitemssuchaselevatorsshallnotbeincludedinthiscalculation.Onlyincludematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded,provid-ingitisincludedconsistentlyinMRCredits3–7.
RecycledcontentshallbedefinedinaccordancewiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationdocu-ment,ISO 14021—Environmental labels and declarations—Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environ-mental labeling).
Post-consumer materialisdefinedaswastematerialgeneratedbyhouseholdsorbycommercial,industrialandinstitutionalfacilitiesintheirroleasend-usersoftheproduct,whichcannolongerbeusedforitsintendedpurpose.
Pre-consumer materialisdefinedasmaterialdivertedfromthewastestreamduringthemanufacturingprocess.Excludedisreutilizationofmaterialssuchasrework,regrindorscrapgeneratedinaprocessandcapableofbeingreclaimedwithinthesameprocessthatgeneratedit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establishaprojectgoalforrecycledcontentmaterialsandidentifymaterialsuppliersthatcanachievethisgoal.Duringconstruction,ensurethatthespecifiedrecycledcontentmaterialsareinstalled.Considerarangeofen-vironmental,economicandperformanceattributeswhenselectingproductsandmaterials.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
MR Credits 5.1 & 5.2: Regional Materials Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally1–2 Points
Intent
Increasedemandforbuildingmaterialsandproductsthatareextractedandmanufacturedwithintheregion,thereby supporting theuseof indigenous resources and reducing theenvironmental impacts resulting fromtransportation.
Requirements
Usebuildingmaterialsorproductsthathavebeenextracted,harvestedorrecoveredaswellasmanufacturedwithin500milesoftheprojectsiteforaminimumof
q 10%(basedoncost)ofthetotalmaterialsvalue(1point).
q 20%(basedoncost)ofthetotalmaterialsvalue(2points).
Ifonlyafractionofaproductormaterialisextracted/harvested/recoveredandmanufacturedlocally,thenonlythatpercentage(byweight)shallcontributetotheregionalvalue.
Mechanical,electricalandplumbingcomponentsandspecialtyitemssuchaselevatorsandequipmentshallnotbeincludedinthiscalculation.Onlyincludematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded,providingitisincludedconsistentlyinMRCredits3–7.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establishaprojectgoalforlocallysourcedmaterialsandidentifymaterialsandmaterialsuppliersthatcanachievethisgoal.Duringconstruction,ensurethatthespecifiedlocalmaterialsareinstalledandquantifythetotalper-centageoflocalmaterialsinstalled.Considerarangeofenvironmental,economicandperformanceattributeswhenselectingproductsandmaterials.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials1 Point
Intent
Reducetheuseanddepletionoffiniterawmaterialsandlong-cyclerenewablematerialsbyreplacingthemwithrapidlyrenewablematerials.
Requirements
Userapidlyrenewablebuildingmaterialsandproducts(madefromplantsthataretypicallyharvestedwithinaten-yearcycleorshorter)for2.5%ofthetotalvalueofallbuildingmaterialsandproductsusedintheproject,basedoncost.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establishaprojectgoalforrapidlyrenewablematerialsandidentifyproductsandsuppliersthatcansupportachievementofthisgoal.Considermaterialssuchasbamboo,wool,cottoninsulation,agrifiber,linoleum,wheat-board,strawboardandcork.Duringconstruction,ensurethatthespecifiedrenewablematerialsareinstalled.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
MR Credit 7: Certified Wood1 Point
Intent
Encourageenvironmentallyresponsibleforestmanagement.
Requirements
Useaminimumof50%ofwood-basedmaterialsandproducts,whicharecertifiedinaccordancewiththeFor-estStewardshipCouncil’s(FSC)PrinciplesandCriteria,forwoodbuildingcomponents.Thesecomponentsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,structuralframingandgeneraldimensionalframing,flooring,sub-flooring,wooddoors,andfinishes.
Onlyincludematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded,providingitisincludedconsistentlyinMRCredits3–7.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
EstablishaprojectgoalforFSC-certifiedwoodproductsandidentifysuppliersthatcanachievethisgoal.Dur-ingconstruction,ensurethattheFSC-certifiedwoodproductsareinstalledandquantifythetotalpercentageofFSC-certifiedwoodproductsinstalled.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Indoor Environmental QualityEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ PerformanceRequired
Intent
Establishminimumindoorairquality(IAQ)performancetoenhanceindoorairqualityinbuildings,thuscon-tributingtothecomfortandwell-beingoftheoccupants.
Requirements
MeettheminimumrequirementsofSections4through7ofASHRAE62.1-2004,VentilationforAcceptableIndoorAirQuality.MechanicalventilationsystemsshallbedesignedusingtheVentilationRateProcedureortheapplicablelocalcode,whicheverismorestringent.
NaturallyventilatedbuildingsshallcomplywithASHRAE62.1-2004,paragraph5.1.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
DesignventilationsystemstomeetorexceedtheminimumoutdoorairventilationratesasdescribedintheASHRAEstandard.Balancetheimpactsofventilationratesonenergyuseandindoorairqualitytooptimizeforenergyefficiencyandoccupanthealth.UsetheASHRAE62UsersManualfordetailedguidanceonmeetingthereferencedrequirements.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlRequired
Intent
Eliminateexposureofbuildingoccupants,indoorsurfacesandventilationairdistributionsystemstoEnviron-mentalTobaccoSmoke(ETS).
Requirements
Prohibitsmokinginthebuildingandlocateanyexteriordesignatedsmokingareasatleast25feetawayfromentries,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Prohibitsmokinginschools.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Prerequisite 3: Minimum Acoustical PerformanceRequired
Intent
Provideclassroomsthatarequietandinwhichteacherscanspeaktotheclasswithoutstrainingtheirvoicesandstudentscaneffectivelycommunicatewitheachotherandtheteacher.
Requirements
DesignclassroomsandothercorelearningspacestomeettheReverberationTime(RT)requirementsofANSIStandardS12.60-2002,AcousticalPerformanceCriteria,DesignRequirementsandGuidelinesforSchools.Also,designclassroomsandothercorelearningspacestomeettheSoundTransmissionClass(STC)requirements,exceptingwindows,whichmustmeetanSTCratingofatleast35.
AND
OPTION1
UsingthemethodologydescribedinannexesBthroughDofANSIStandardS12.60-2002,achieveamaximumbackgroundnoiselevelinclassroomsandotherprimarylearningspacesof45dBA.
OR
OPTION2
Designclassroomsandothercorelearningspacesusingthemethodologylistedinthe2003HVACApplicationsASHRAEHandbook,Chapter47onSoundandVibrationControl,andachieveanRC(N)MarkIIlevelof37.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designconsiderationsincludereducingnoisefromexteriortointeriorspaces,betweenspaceswithinthebuilding,andwithintheclassroomspace.Externaltointernalnoisetransmissioncanbereducedbyorientingclassroomsawayfromexternalnoisesourcesandusingthickand/ormassivematerialsinwallsandroofs.Also,windowsshouldbewellsealedandhaveadequateairgapsbetweensheetsofglass.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring1 Point
Intent
Providecapacityforventilationsystemmonitoringtohelpsustainoccupantcomfortandwell-being.
Requirements
Installpermanentmonitoringsystemsthatprovidefeedbackonventilationsystemperformancetoensurethatventilationsystemsmaintaindesignminimumventilationrequirements.Configureallmonitoringequipmenttogenerateanalarmwhentheconditionsvaryby10%ormorefromsetpoint,viaeitherabuildingautomationsystemalarmtothebuildingoperatororviaavisualoraudiblealerttothebuildingoccupants.
FORMECHANICALLYVENTILATEDSPACES
q Monitorcarbondioxideconcentrationswithinalldenselyoccupiedspaces(thosewithadesignoccupantdensitygreaterthanorequalto25peopleper1000sq.ft.).CO2monitoringlocationsshallbebetween3feetand6feetabovethefloor.
q Foreachmechanicalventilationsystemservingnon-denselyoccupiedspaces,provideadirectoutdoorairflowmeasurementdevicecapableofmeasuringtheminimumoutdoorairflowratewithanaccuracyofplusorminus15%ofthedesignminimumoutdoorairrate,asdefinedbyASHRAE62.1-2004.
FORNATURALLYVENTILATEDSPACES
MonitorCO2concentrationswithinallnaturallyventilatedspaces.CO2monitoringshallbelocatedwithintheroombetween3feetand6feetabovethefloor.OneCO2sensormaybeusedtorepresentmultiplespacesifthenaturalventilationdesignusespassivestack(s)orothermeanstoinduceairflowthroughthosespacesequallyandsimultaneouslywithoutinterventionbybuildingoccupants.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
InstallcarbondioxideandairflowmeasurementequipmentandfeedtheinformationtotheHVACsystemand/orBuildingAutomationSystem(BAS)totriggercorrectiveaction,ifapplicable.Ifsuchautomaticcontrolsarenotfeasiblewiththebuildingsystems,usethemeasurementequipmenttotriggeralarmsthatinformbuildingoperatorsoroccupantsofapossibledeficiencyinoutdoorairdelivery.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation1 Point
Intent
Provideadditionaloutdoorairventilationtoimproveindoorairqualityforimprovedoccupantcomfort,well-beingandproductivity.
Requirements
FORMECHANICALLYVENTILATEDSPACES
q Increasebreathingzoneoutdoorairventilationratestoalloccupiedspacesbyatleast30%abovetheminimumratesrequiredbyASHRAEStandard62.1-2004,asdeterminedbyEQPrerequisite1.
FORNATURALLYVENTILATEDSPACES
DesignnaturalventilationsystemsforoccupiedspacestomeettherecommendationssetforthintheCarbonTrustGoodPracticeGuide237[1998].DeterminethatnaturalventilationisaneffectivestrategyfortheprojectbyfollowingtheflowdiagramprocessshowninFigure1.18oftheCharteredInstitutionofBuildingServicesEngineers(CIBSE)ApplicationsManual10:2005,Naturalventilationinnon-domesticbuildings.
AND
q Usediagramsandcalculationstoshowthatthedesignofthenaturalventilationsystemsmeetstherecom-mendations set forth in theCIBSEApplicationsManual10:2005,Naturalventilation innon-domesticbuildings.
OR
q Useamacroscopic,multi-zone,analyticmodeltopredictthatroom-by-roomairflowswilleffectivelynaturallyventilate,definedasprovidingtheminimumventilationratesrequiredbyASHRAE62.1-2004,Chapter6,foratleast90%ofoccupiedspaces.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Formechanicallyventilatedspaces:useheat recovery,whereappropriate, tominimize theadditionalenergyconsumptionassociatedwithhigherventilationrates.
Fornaturallyventilatedspaces,followtheeightdesignstepsdescribedintheCarbonTrustGoodPracticeGuide237:1)Developdesignrequirements,2)Planairflowpaths,3)Identifybuildingusesandfeaturesthatmightrequirespecialattention,4)Determineventilationrequirements,5)Estimateexternaldrivingpressures,6)Selecttypesofventilationdevices,7)Sizeventilationdevices,8)Analyzethedesign.
UsepublicdomainsoftwaresuchasNIST’sCONTAM,MultizoneModelingSoftware,alongwithLoopDA,NaturalVentilationSizingTool,toanalyticallypredictroom-by-roomairflows.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 3.1: Construction IAQ Management Plan During Construction1 Point
Intent
Reduceindoorairqualityproblemsresultingfromtheconstruction/renovationprocessinordertohelpsustainthecomfortandwell-beingofconstructionworkersandbuildingoccupants.
Requirements
DevelopandimplementanIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)ManagementPlanfortheconstructionandpre-occupancyphasesofthebuildingasfollows:
q DuringconstructionmeetorexceedtherecommendedControlMeasuresoftheSheetMetalandAirCon-ditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings underConstruction,1995,Chapter3.
q Protectstoredon-siteorinstalledabsorptivematerialsfrommoisturedamage.
q Ifpermanentlyinstalledairhandlersareusedduringconstruction,filtrationmediawithaMinimumEfficiencyReportingValue(MERV)of8shallbeusedateachreturnairgrille,asdeterminedbyASHRAE52.2-1999.Replaceallfiltrationmediaimmediatelypriortooccupancy.
q Prohibitsmokinginsidethebuildingandwithin25feetofbuildingentrancesoncethebuildingisclosed.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
AdoptanIAQmanagementplantoprotecttheHVACsystemduringconstruction,controlpollutantsourcesandinterruptcontaminationpathways.Sequencetheinstallationofmaterialstoavoidcontaminationofabsorptivematerialssuchasinsulation,carpeting,ceilingtileandgypsumwallboard.CoordinatewithEQCredits3.2and5todeterminetheappropriatespecificationsandschedulesforfiltrationmedia.
Itishighlyrecommendedtoavoidusingpermanentlyinstalledairhandlersfortemporaryheating/coolingdur-ingconstruction.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy1 Point
Intent
Reduceindoorairqualityproblemsresultingfromtheconstruction/renovationprocessinordertohelpsustainthecomfortandwell-beingofconstructionworkersandbuildingoccupants.
Requirements
DevelopandimplementanIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)ManagementPlanforthepre-occupancyphaseasfol-lows:
OPTION1—FLUSH-OUT
q Afterconstructionends,priortooccupancyandwithallinteriorfinishesinstalled,performabuildingflush-outbysupplyingatotalairvolumeof14,000cu.ft.ofoutdoorairpersq.ft.offloorareawhilemaintaininganinternaltemperatureofatleast60ºFandrelativehumiditynohigherthan60%.
OR
q Ifoccupancyisdesiredpriortocompletionoftheflush-out,thespacemaybeoccupiedfollowingdeliveryofaminimumof3,500cu.ft.ofoutdoorairpersq.ft.offloorareatothespace.Onceaspaceisoccupied,itshallbeventilatedataminimumrateof0.30cfm/sq.ft.ofoutsideairorthedesignminimumoutsideairratedeterminedinEQPrerequisite1,whicheverisgreater.Duringeachdayoftheflush-outperiod,ventilationshallbeginaminimumofthreehourspriortooccupancyandcontinueduringoccupancy.Theseconditionsshallbemaintaineduntilatotalof14,000cu.ft./sq.ft.ofoutsideairhasbeendeliveredtothespace.
OR
OPTION2—AIRQUALITYTESTING
q ConductbaselineIAQtesting,afterconstructionendsandpriortooccupancy,usingtestingprotocolsconsistentwiththeUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyCompendiumofMethodsfortheDeterminationofAirPollutantsinIndoorAirandasadditionallydetailedintheLEEDforSchoolsReferenceGuide.
q Demonstratethatthecontaminantmaximumconcentrationslistedbelowarenotexceeded.
q Foreachsamplingpointwherethemaximumconcentrationlimitsareexceeded,conductadditionalflush-outwithoutsideairandretestthespecificparameter(s)exceededtoindicatetherequirementsareachieved.Repeatprocedureuntilallrequirementshavebeenmet.Whenretestingnon-complyingbuildingareas,takesamplesfromthesamelocationsasinthefirsttest.
Contaminant Maximum Concentration
Formaldehyde 50 parts per billionParticulates (PM10) 50 micrograms per cubic meterTotal Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) 500 micrograms per cubic meter* 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 6.5 micrograms per cubic meterCarbon Monoxide (CO) 9 parts per million and no greater than 2 parts per million above outdoor levels
* This test is only required if carpets and fabrics with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing material are installed as part of the base building systems.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
q Theairsampletestingshallbeconductedasfollows:
1) Allmeasurementsshallbeconductedpriortooccupancy,butduringnormaloccupiedhoursandwiththebuildingventilationsystemnormaldailystarttime,andoperatedattheminimumoutsideairflowratefortheoccupiedmodethroughoutthedurationoftheairtesting.
2) Thebuildingshallhaveallinteriorfinishesinstalled,includingbutnotlimitedtomillwork,doors,paint,carpetandacoustictiles.Non-fixedfurnishings,suchasworkstationsandpartitionsareencouraged,butnotrequired,tobeinplaceforthetesting.
3) Thenumberofsamplinglocationswillvarydependinguponthesizeofthebuildingandnumberofven-tilationsystems.Foreachportionofthebuildingservedbyaseparateventilationsystem,thenumberofsamplingpointsshallnotbelessthanoneper25,000sq.ft.,orforeachcontiguousfloorarea,whicheverislarger,andincludeareaswiththeleastventilationandgreatestpresumedsourcestrength.
4) Airsamplesshallbecollectedbetween3feetand6feetfromthefloortorepresentthebreathingzoneofoccupantsandoveraminimum4-hourperiod.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Priortooccupancy,performabuildingflush-outortesttheaircontaminantlevelsinthebuilding.Theflush-outisoftenusedwhereoccupancyisnotrequiredimmediatelyuponsubstantialcompletionofconstruction.IAQtestingcanminimizescheduleimpactsbutmaybemorecostly.CoordinatewithEQCredits3.1and5todeterminetheappropriatespecificationsandschedulesforfiltrationmedia.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 4: Low-Emitting Materials1–4 Points
Intent
Reducethequantityofindooraircontaminantsthatareodorous,irritatingand/orharmfultothecomfortandwell-beingofinstallersandoccupants.
Requirements
Projectsmaychooseanyofthefollowingoptions,withamaximumof4points.
OPTION1—ADHESIVES&SEALANTS(1point)
Alladhesivesandsealants installedinthebuildinginterior(definedas insideoftheweatherproofingsystemandappliedon-site)shallmeetthetestingandproductrequirementsoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofHealthServicesStandard Practice for The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers,including2004Addenda.
OPTION2—PAINTS&COATINGS(1point)
AllpaintsandcoatingsinstalledinthebuildinginteriorshallmeetthetestingandproductrequirementsoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofHealthServicesStandard Practice for The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers,including2004Addenda.
OPTION3—FLOORINGSYSTEMS(1point)
AllflooringelementsinstalledinthebuildinginteriorshallmeetthetestingandproductrequirementsoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofHealthServicesStandard Practice for The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers,including2004Addenda.
OPTION4—COMPOSITEWOOD&AGRIFIBERPRODUCTS(1point)
AllcompositewoodandagrifiberproductsinstalledinthebuildinginteriorshallmeetthetestingandproductrequirementsoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofHealthServicesStandard Practice for The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers,including2004Addenda.
OPTION5—FURNITURE&FURNISHINGS(1point)
Classroomfurnitureincludingallstudentandteacherdesks,tablesandseatsintroducedintotheprojectspacethathasbeenmanufactured,refurbishedorrefinishedwithinoneyearpriortooccupancymustmeetoneoftherequirementsbelow.Salvagedandusedfurniturethatismorethanoneyearoldatthetimeofoccupancyisexcludedfromthecreditrequirements.
MethodA:GREENGUARD™Children&SchoolsCertifiedSM
OR
MethodB:CalculatedindoorairconcentrationsthatarelessthanorequaltothoseestablishedinTable 1forfurnituresystemsandseatingdeterminedbyaprocedurebasedontheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sEnvironmentalTechnologyVerification(ETV)LargeChamberTestProtocolforMeasuringEmissionsofVOCsandAldehydes(September1999)testingprotocolconductedinanindependentairqualitytestinglaboratory.
OR
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Chemical Contaminant Emission Limits Emission Limits Systems Furniture Seating
TVOC 0.5 mg/m3 0.25 mg/m3Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion 25 parts per billionTotal Aldehydes 100 parts per billion 50 parts per billion4 – Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 0.0065 mg/m3 0.00325 mg/m3
Table 1: Indoor Air Concentrations
MethodC:CalculatedindoorairconcentrationsthatarelessthanorequaltothoseestablishedinTable1forfurnituresystemsandseatingdeterminedbyaprocedurebasedonBIFMAM7.1-2005andX7.1-2005testingprotocolconductedinanindependentthirdpartyairqualitytestinglaboratory.
OPTION6—CEILINGANDWALLSYSTEMS(1point)
Allgypsumboard,insulation,acousticalceilingsystemsandwallcoveringsinstalledinthebuildinginteriorshallmeetthetestingandproductrequirementsoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofHealthServicesStandard Practice for The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers,including2004Addenda.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Clearly specify requirements for product testing and/or certification in the construction documents. SomeprogramsthatofferverificationofthecitedstandardforOptions1–4and6areIndoorAdvantage™Gold,GREENGUARD™Children&SchoolsSM,theResilientFloorCoveringInstitute’sFloorScore™program,theCarpetandRugInstitute’sGreenLabelPlus™programandtheCollaborativeforHighPerformanceSchoolsproductlist.IndoorAdvantageGoldoffersverificationoftheBIFMAstandardcitedinOptionCoftheFur-nitureOption.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control1 Point
Intent
Minimizeexposureofbuildingoccupantstopotentiallyhazardousparticulatesandchemicalpollutants.
Requirements
Designtominimizeandcontrolpollutantentryintobuildingsandlatercross-contaminationofregularlyoc-cupiedareas:
q Employpermanententrywaysystemsatleastsixfeetlongintheprimarydirectionoftraveltocapturedirtandparticulates fromentering thebuildingatall entryways thataredirectlyconnected to theoutdoors.Acceptableentrywaysystemsincludepermanentlyinstalledgrates,grillesorslottedsystemsthatallowforcleaningunderneath.Roll-outmatsareonlyacceptablewhenmaintainedonaweeklybasisbyacontractedserviceorganizationorschoolmaintenancestaff.Qualifyingentrywaysarethosethatserveasregularentrypointsforbuildingusers.
q Wherehazardousgasesorchemicalsmaybepresentorused(includinggarages,housekeeping/laundryar-eas,sciencelaboratories,preprooms,artrooms,shopsofanykindandcopying/printingrooms),exhausteachspacesufficientlytocreatenegativepressurewithrespecttoadjacentspaceswiththedoorstotheroomclosed.Foreachofthesespaces,provideself-closingdoorsanddeck-to-deckpartitionsorahardlidceiling.Theexhaustrateshallbeatleast0.50cfm/sq.ft.,withnoairre-circulation.Thepressuredifferentialwiththesurroundingspacesshallbeatleast5Pa(0.02inchesofwatergauge)onaverageand1Pa(0.004inchesofwater)ataminimumwhenthedoorstotheroomsareclosed.
q Inmechanicallyventilatedbuildings,provideregularlyoccupiedareasofthebuildingwithairfiltrationmediapriortooccupancythatprovidesaMinimumEfficiencyReportingValue(MERV)of13orbetter.Filtrationshouldbeappliedtoprocessbothreturnandoutsideairthatistobedeliveredassupplyair.
q Providecontainmentdrainsplumbedforappropriatedisposalofhazardous liquidwastes inplaceswherewaterandchemicalconcentratemixingoccursforlaboratorypurposes.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design facilitycleaningandmaintenanceareaswith isolatedexhaust systems forcontaminants.Maintainphysicalisolationfromtherestoftheregularlyoccupiedareasofthebuilding.Installpermanentarchitecturalentrywaysystemssuchasgrillesorgratestopreventoccupant-bornecontaminantsfromenteringthebuilding.Installhigh-levelfiltrationsystemsinairhandlingunitsprocessingbothreturnairandoutsidesupplyair.Ensurethatairhandlingunitscanaccommodaterequiredfiltersizesandpressuredrops.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 6.1: Lighting System Design & Controllability 1 Point
Intent
Provideahighleveloflightingsystemcontrolbyindividualoccupantsorbyspecificgroupsinmulti-occupantspaces(i.e.,classroomsorconferenceareas)topromotetheproductivity,comfortandwell-beingofbuildingoccupants.
Requirements
FORADMINISTRATIVEOFFICESANDOTHERREGULARLYOCCUPIEDSPACES
Provideindividuallightingcontrolsfor90%(minimum)ofthebuildingoccupantsinworkspacestoenableadjustmentstosuitindividualtaskneedsandpreferences.
AND
FORCLASSROOMSANDCORELEARNINGSPACES,withtheexceptionofchemistrylaboratories,artrooms,shops,musicrooms,anddance/exercisestudios:
Provideaclassroomlightingsystemthatoperatesintwomodes:generalilluminationandA/V.
q Ingeneralilluminationmode,achieveanaverageilluminationatthedesklevelof35to50footcandleswithaminimumof25footcandlesatanypointmorethan3feetfromanywall.
q InA/Vmode,notincludingcontributionfromtheteachingwalllight,achieveanaverageilluminationatthedesklevelofbetween10and20footcandlesforanypointintheroomgreaterthan3feetfromthesidewalls,10feetfromthefrontwalland6feetfromthebackwall,whilelimitingverticalilluminationontheprojectionscreentonomorethan7footcandlesatanypointonthescreen.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designthebuildingwithoccupantcontrolsforlighting.Strategiestoconsiderincludelightingcontrolsandtasklighting.Integratelightingsystemscontrollabilityintotheoveralllightingdesign,providingambientandtasklightingwhilemanagingtheoverallenergyuseofthebuilding.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 6.2: Thermal Comfort Controllability1 Point
Intent
Provideahighlevelofthermalcomfortsystemcontrolbyindividualoccupantsorbyspecificgroupsinmulti-occupantspaces(i.e.,classroomsorconferenceareas)topromotetheproductivity,comfortandwell-beingofbuildingoccupants.
Requirements
Provideindividualcomfortcontrolsfor50%(minimum)ofthebuildingoccupantsinworkspacestoenableadjustmentstosuitindividualtaskneedsandpreferences.Operablewindowscanbeusedinlieuofcomfortcontrolsforoccupantsofareasthatare20feetinsideofand10feettoeithersideoftheoperablepartofthewindow.TheareasofoperablewindowmustmeettherequirementsofASHRAE62.1-2004,paragraph5.1,NaturalVentilation.
AND
Providecomfortsystemcontrolsforallsharedmulti-occupantspacestoenableadjustmentstosuitgroupneedsandpreferences.
ConditionsforthermalcomfortaredescribedinASHRAEStandard55-2004toincludetheprimaryfactorsofairtemperature,radianttemperature,airspeedandhumidity.Comfortsystemcontrol,forthepurposesofthiscredit,isdefinedastheprovisionofcontroloveratleastoneoftheseprimaryfactorsintheoccupant’slocalenvironment.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designthebuildingandsystemswithcomfortcontrolstoallowadjustmentstosuitindividualneedsorthoseofgroupsinsharedspaces.ASHRAEStandard55-2004identifiesthefactorsofthermalcomfortandaprocessfordevelopingcomfortcriteriaforbuildingspacesthatsuittheneedsoftheoccupantsinvolvedintheirdailyactivities.Controlstrategiescanbedevelopedtoexpandonthecomfortcriteriatoallowadjustmentstosuitindividualneedsandpreferences.Thesemayinvolvesystemdesignsincorporatingoperablewindows,hybridsystemsintegratingoperablewindowsandmechanicalsystemsormechanicalsystemsalone.Individualadjust-mentsmayinvolveindividualthermostatcontrols,localdiffusersatfloor,deskoroverheadlevels,orcontrolofindividualradiantpanelsorothermeansintegratedintotheoverallbuilding,thermalcomfortsystems,andenergysystemsdesign.Inaddition,designersshouldevaluatethecloselytiedinteractionsbetweenthermalcomfort(asrequiredbyASHRAEStandard55-2004)andacceptableindoorairquality(asrequiredbyASHRAEStandard62.1-2004,whethernaturalormechanicalventilation).
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort Design1 Point
Intent
Provideacomfortablethermalenvironmentthatsupportstheproductivityandwell-beingofbuildingoccu-pants.
Requirements
DesignHVACsystemsandthebuildingenvelopetomeettherequirementsofASHRAEStandard55-2004,ThermalEnvironmentalConditions forHumanOccupancy.Demonstratedesigncompliance inaccordancewiththeSection6.1.1Documentation.
Fornatatoriums,demonstratecompliancewiththe“TypicalNatatoriumDesignConditions”definedinChapter4(PlacesofAssembly)oftheASHRAEHVACApplicationsHandbook,2003edition.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
EstablishcomfortcriteriaperASHRAEStandard55-2004thatsupportthedesiredqualityandoccupantsatisfac-tionwithbuildingperformance.Ingymnasiums,ifmechanicalventilationisnotused,followASHRAEStandard55-2004requirementsfornaturallyventilatedspaces.Designbuildingenvelopeandsystemswiththecapabilitytodeliverperformancetothecomfortcriteriaunderexpectedenvironmentalanduseconditions.Evaluateairtemperature,radianttemperature,airspeedandrelativehumidityinanintegratedfashionandcoordinatethesecriteriawithEQPrerequisite1,EQCredit1andEQCredit2.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort Verification1 Point
Intent
Providefortheassessmentofbuildingthermalcomfortovertime.
Requirements
Agreetoimplementathermalcomfortsurveyofbuildingoccupants(alladultsandstudentsofgrades6andabove)withinaperiodofsixto18monthsafteroccupancy.Thissurveyshouldcollectanonymousresponsesaboutthermalcomfortinthebuildingincludinganassessmentofoverallsatisfactionwiththermalperformanceand identificationof thermalcomfort-relatedproblems.Agree todevelopaplan forcorrectiveaction if thesurveyresultsindicatethatmorethan20%ofoccupantsaredissatisfiedwiththermalcomfortinthebuilding.ThisplanshouldincludemeasurementofrelevantenvironmentalvariablesinproblemareasinaccordancewithASHRAEStandard55-2004.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
ASHRAEStandard55-2004providesguidanceforestablishingthermalcomfortcriteriaandthedocumenta-tionandvalidationofbuildingperformancetothecriteria.Whilethestandardisnotintendedforpurposesofcontinuousmonitoringandmaintenanceofthethermalenvironment,theprinciplesexpressedinthestandardprovideabasisfordesignofmonitoringandcorrectiveactionsystems.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 8.1: Daylight and Views Daylighting1–3 Points
Intent
Provideforthebuildingoccupantsaconnectionbetweenindoorspacesandtheoutdoorsthroughtheintroduc-tionofdaylightandviewsintotheregularlyoccupiedareasofthebuilding.
Requirements
Throughoneofthethreeoptionalmethodologies,achievedaylightinginthefollowing:
q 75%ofallclassroomandcorelearningspaces(1point),or
q 90%ofallclassroomandcorelearningspaces(2points),or
q 75%ofallotherregularlyoccupiedspaces(1additionalpoint).Projectteamscanonlyachieveapointfortheseotherspacesiftheyhavealsoachievedatleastonepointforclassroomspaces.
OPTION1—CALCULATION
Achieveaminimumglazingfactorof2%.Theglazingfactoriscalculatedasfollows:
OPTION2—SIMULATION
Demonstrate,throughcomputersimulation,thataminimumdaylightilluminationlevelof25footcandleshasbeenachieved.Modelingmustdemonstrate25horizontalfootcandlesunderclearskyconditions,atnoon,ontheequinox,at30inchesabovethefloor.
OPTION3—MEASUREMENT
Demonstrate,throughrecordsofindoorlightmeasurements,thataminimumdaylightilluminationlevelof25footcandleshasbeenachieved.Measurementsmustbetakenona10-footgridforalloccupiedspacesandmustberecordedonbuildingfloorplans.
Inallcases,onlythesquarefootageassociatedwiththeportionsofroomsorspacesmeetingtheminimumil-luminationrequirementscanbeappliedtowardsthecalculationrequiredtoqualifyforthiscredit.
Inallcases,providedaylightredirectionand/orglarecontroldevicestoavoidhigh-contrastsituationsthatcouldimpedevisualtasks.Exceptionsforareaswheretaskswouldbehinderedbytheuseofdaylightwillbeconsideredontheirmerits.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designthebuildingtomaximizeinteriordaylighting.Strategiestoconsiderincludebuildingorientation,shallowfloorplates,increasedbuildingperimeter,exteriorandinteriorpermanentshadingdevices,highperformanceglazingandautomaticphotocell-basedcontrols.
Window Area
Glazing [SF] Window Actual Tvis Window Factor Floor Area Geometry Minimum Height [SF] Factor Tvis Factor
= x x x
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�0
EQ Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views Views for 90% of Spaces1 Point
Intent
Provideforthebuildingoccupantsaconnectionbetweenindoorspacesandtheoutdoorsthroughtheintroduc-tionofdaylightandviewsintothebuilding.
Requirements
Achievedirectlineofsighttotheoutdoorenvironmentviavisionglazingbetween2’6”and7’6”abovefinishfloorforbuildingoccupantsin90%ofallregularlyoccupiedareas.Determinetheareawithdirectlineofsightbytotalingtheregularlyoccupiedsquarefootagethatmeetsthefollowingcriteria:
q Inplanview,theareaiswithinsightlinesdrawnfromperimetervisionglazing.
q Insectionview,adirectsightlinecanbedrawnfromtheareatoperimetervisionglazing.
Lineofsightmaybedrawnthroughinteriorglazing.Forprivateoffices,theentiresquarefootageoftheofficecanbecountedif75%ormoreoftheareahasdirectlineofsighttoperimetervisionglazing.Forclassroomsandothermulti-occupantspaces,theactualsquarefootagewithdirectlineofsighttoperimetervisionglazingiscounted.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designthespacetomaximizedaylightingandviewopportunities.Strategiestoconsiderincludelowerpartitionheights,interiorshadingdevices,interiorglazingandautomaticphotocell-basedcontrols.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
�1
EQ Credit 9: Enhanced Acoustical Performance1–2 Points
Intent
Provideclassroomsthatfacilitatebetterteacher-to-studentandstudent-to-studentcommunications.
Requirements
DesignclassroomsandothercorelearningspacestomeettheReverberationTime(RT)andImpactInsulationClass(IIC)requirementsofANSIStandardS12.60-2002,AcousticalPerformanceCriteria,DesignRequirementsandGuidelinesforSchools.AlsodesignclassroomsandothercorelearningspacestomeettheSoundTransmis-sionClass(STC)requirements,exceptingwindows,whichmustmeetanSTCratingofatleast35.
AND
OPTION1
UsingthemethodologydescribedinStandardS12.60-2002,achieveamaximumunoccupiedbackgroundnoiselevelinclassroomsandotherprimarylearningspacesof:
40dBA(1Point)
35dBA(2Points)
OPTION2
Designclassroomsandothercorelearningspacesusingthemethodologylistedinthe2003HVACApplicationsASHRAEHandbook,Chapter47onSoundandVibrationControl,andachieveanRClevelof:
32(1Point)
27(2Points)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Designconsiderationsincludereducingnoisefromexteriortointeriorspacesbetweenspaceswithinthebuildingandwithintheclassroomspace.Externaltointernalnoisetransmissioncanbereducedbyorientingclassroomsawayfromexternalnoisesourcesandusingthickand/ormassivematerialsinwallsandroofs.Also,windowsshouldbewellsealedandhaveadequateairgapsbetweensheetsofglass.SeeEQPrerequisite3formorepotentialtechnologiesandstrategies.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
EQ Credit 10: Mold Prevention1 Point
Intent
Reducethepotentialpresenceofmoldinschoolsthroughpreventivedesignandconstructionmeasures.
Requirements
Projectteamsmustachievethefollowingcredits:
1. EQCredit3.1:ConstructionIAQManagementPlan:DuringConstruction
2. EQCredit7.1:ThermalComfort:Design
3. EQCredit7.2:ThermalComfort:Verification
AND
ProvideHVACsystemsandcontrolsdesignedtolimitspacerelativehumidityto60%orlessduringallloadconditions,bothoccupiedandunoccupied.
AND
DevelopandimplementonanongoingbasisanIAQmanagementprogramforbuildingsbasedontheEPAdocument“BuildingAirQuality:AGuideforBuildingOwnersandFacilityManagers,”EPAReferenceNumber402-F-91-102,December,1991.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
AcompleteguidetopreventingmoldandreducingtheprobabilityofitrecurringcanbefoundintheHumidityControlDesignGuideforCommercialandInstitutionalBuildings,availablefromASHRAE.TheGREEN-GUARDEnvironmentalInstituteoffersitsGREENGUARDMoldProtectionProgram™.EPADesignToolsforSchoolsoffersaprogramforpreventingmoldduringthedesignandconstructionphasesofyourschoolproject.Thesedocumentscontainacomprehensiveoverviewoftheprinciplesandpracticesstatedhereandserveasvaluableresourcesinconstructingcommissioningplansandoperationandmaintenanceguides.
Projectteamsshouldbeawareofpotentialdifferencesinconstructionifportableclassroomsandmodularclass-roomunitsarebeingused.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
Innovation & Design Process
Intent
ToprovidedesignteamsandprojectstheopportunitytobeawardedpointsforexceptionalperformanceabovetherequirementssetbytheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystemand/orinnovativeperformanceinGreenBuildingcategoriesnotspecificallyaddressedbytheLEEDforSchoolsGreenBuildingRatingSystem.
Requirements
Credit1.1(1point) Inwriting, identifytheintentoftheproposedinnovationcredit,theproposedrequire-mentforcompliance,theproposedsubmittalstodemonstratecomplianceandthedesignapproach(strategies)thatmightbeusedtomeettherequirements.
Credit1.2(1point) SameasCredit1.1
Credit1.3(1point) SameasCredit1.1
Credit1.4(1point) SameasCredit1.1
Potential Technologies & Strategies
SubstantiallyexceedaLEEDforSchoolsperformancecreditsuchasenergyperformanceorwaterefficiency.Applystrategiesormeasuresthatdemonstrateacomprehensiveapproachandquantifiableenvironmentand/orhealthbenefits.
ID Credits 1.1–1.4: Innovation in Design1–4 Points
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
ID Credit 1 Option: Low Impact Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment Policy1 Point
Intent
Reduceexposureofbuildingoccupantsandmaintenancepersonneltopotentiallyhazardouschemical,biologicalandparticlecontaminants.
Requirements
Implementapolicyfortheuseofjanitorialequipmentthatmaximizeseffectivereductionofbuildingcontami-nantswithminimumenvironmentalimpact.Cleaningequipmentpolicyneedstospecifythefollowing:
q VacuumCleanersmeetCarpet&RugCleanersGreenLabelandarecapableofcapturing96%ofparticulates0.3micronsinsizeandoperatewithasoundleveloflessthan70dBA.
q Hotwaterextractionequipmentfordeepcleaningcarpetsarecapableofremovingsufficientmoisturesuchthatcarpetscandryinlessthan24hours.
q Poweredmaintenanceequipment,includingfloorbuffers,burnishersandautomaticscrubbersisequippedwithvacuums,guardsand/orotherdevicesforcapturingfineparticulatesandshalloperatewithsoundlevelsoflessthan70dBA.
q Propanepoweredequipmenthashigh-efficiency,low-emissionsengines.
q Automatedscrubbingmachinesareequippedwithvariable-speedfeedpumpstooptimizetheuseofcleaningfluids.
q Where appropriate, activemicrofiber technology is used to reduce cleaning chemical consumption andprolonglifeofdisposablescrubbingpads.
q Leafblowersandlawnmowersoperatewithelectricalpoweronlyandasoundleveloflessthan70dBA.
Potential Technologies and Strategies
Develop,implementandmaintainapolicyfortheuseofjanitorialequipmentthatmaximizeseffectivereductionofbuildingcontaminantswithminimumenvironmentalimpact.
ThiscreditcomplementsaGreenHousekeepingInnovationCreditasoutlinedinCIRfrom4/8/04,“Environ-mentallyPreferableCleaningProductsandPractices,”foroverallGreenUpkeepofthenewschoolbuilding.Itisbesttohaveinplaceatopeningofschoolalow-impactenvironmentalcleaningproductsandhousekeepingpolicy thataddresses sustainablecleaning,hardflooringcoatingsystemsandproductsandtheutilizationofconcentratedcleaningproducts.Floorproductsthatarefreeofzincarepreferred.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional1 Point
Intent
TosupportandencouragethedesignintegrationrequiredbyaLEEDgreenbuildingprojectandtostreamlinetheapplicationandcertificationprocess.
Requirements
AtleastoneprincipalparticipantoftheprojectteamshallbeaLEEDAccreditedProfessional(AP).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
EducatetheprojectteammembersaboutgreenbuildingdesignandconstructionandapplicationoftheLEEDRatingSystemearlyinthelifeoftheproject.ConsiderassigningtheLEEDAPasafacilitatorofanintegrateddesign&constructionprocess.
LEED for Schools Rating System 1st Edition, Updated November 2007
��
ID Credit 3: The School as a Teaching Tool1 Point
Intent
Integratethesustainablefeaturesofaschoolfacilitywiththeschool’seducationalmission.
Requirements
Designcurriculumbasedonthehighperformancefeaturesofthebuilding,andcommittoimplementingthecurriculumwithin10monthsofLEEDcertification.Thecurriculumshouldnotjustdescribethefeaturesthem-selves,butexploretherelationshipbetweenhumanecology,naturalecologyandthebuilding.Curriculummustmeetlocalorstatecurriculumstandards,beapprovedbyschooladministratorsandprovide10ormorehoursofclassroominstructionperyear,perfull-timestudent.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Itishighlyrecommendedthatprojectteamscoordinatecloselywithschooladministrationandfacultywherepos-sible,toencourageongoingrelationshipsbetweenhigh-performancefeaturesoftheschoolandthestudents.
Forcurriculumdevelopment,engagetheschoolinaprogramthatintegratestheschoolbuildingwiththecur-riculumintheschool.ConsidertheNationalEnergyEducationDevelopment(NEED)Project,theAlliancetoSaveEnergy’sGreenSchoolsProgram,andNationalEnergyFoundationeducationalresources.AcollectionofenergyeducationresourcescanalsobefoundattheEnergyInformationAgency’swebsiteat:www.eia.doe.gov/kids/onlineresources.html.