LEE E. FRELICH CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION file1 LEE E. FRELICH . University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources . 1530 N. Cleveland Avenue, St.Paul, MN 55108 . 612-624-3671

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LEE E. FRELICH University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources

1530 N. Cleveland Avenue, St.Paul, MN 55108 612-624-3671 (office, 330F Green Hall); 612-991-1359 (cell)

E-mail: [email protected]

CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION University of Wisconsin-Madison—Ph. D., Forestry, 1986 Specialty - Forest Ecology; Minor - Applied Statistics; Adviser - Craig Lorimer University of Wisconsin-Madison—B.S., Bacteriology, 1980; Botany, 1979 Post-doctoral positions in Forest Soils/Acid Rain with James Bockheim (1987-1988), University

of Wisconsin-Madison and in Paleoecology with Margaret B. Davis (1989-1992), University of Minnesota.

CURRENT POSITIONS Director, The University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, 2000-to date Research Associate/ Researcher 6, University of Minnesota Dept. Forest Resources, 1992 to date. Fellow, Institute on the Environment, 2016- Senior member of the Graduate Faculty in: (1) Conservation Biology; (2) Natural Resource

Science and Management, 1997 to date. HIGHLIGHTS 153 publications, 87 in peer-reviewed journals. H index 34 (Web of Science), 42 (Google Scholar) Publications appear in 42 peer-reviewed journals, with 161 coauthors from 19 countries Peer-review and editorial work for 85 peer-reviewed journals Expertise in forest ecology: forest fires and windstorms, climate change, large herbivores

(deer), invasive plants and invasive earthworms in temperate and boreal forests Single-author book at Cambridge University Press ‘Forest dynamics and disturbance

regimes’(2002), and two Oxford Bibliographies ‘Boreal forests’ and ‘Temperate Coniferous forests’ at Oxford University Press in 2013 and 2016, respectively.

Essential Science Indicators, listed among top 1% of all scientists in the world, Thompson Reuters Web of Science, Ecology and Environment Category, 2014, 2015, 2016

Co-discoverer, with Jiri Schlaghamersky, of nine species of Enchytraied worms new to science in forests of northern Wisconsin and Minnesota

Program Chair, Ecological Society of America, 101st annual meeting (2016) 400+ media appearances in 91 news media outlets, including The New York Times,

Newsweek, CBS radio Osgood Files and National Geographic 500+ professional and public presentations on boreal and temperate forests, climate change,

forest fires, windstorms, and earthworms and other invasive species 81 graduate students advised (24 as adviser/coadviser and 57 committee assignments) $6.15 million in research support, including major grants from National Science Foundation

and National Park Service

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AREAS OF EXPERTISE • Boreal forest (Jack pine, spruce, fir, white and red pine) • Temperate forests (oak, maple and hemlock) • Disturbance ecology, including fire and wind • Stand history reconstruction • Ecosystem management in forests • Invasive species (European earthworm) impacts in forests • Ungulate herbivory (deer and moose) in forests • Modeling of growth and dynamics of vegetation and landscapes • Neighborhood effects and species coexistence in plant communities • Old growth forest and natural area evaluation, restoration and management • Paleoecology and long-term dynamics of vegetation • Urban forestry • Global warming impacts in forests

CURRENT PROJECTS

• Exotic earthworm invasion in forests (with P. Reich, K. Yoo). • Boreal forest response to large-scale wind, fire and wind-fire combinations in the

Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (with P. Reich, R. Rich, E. Anoszko). • Tree growth form and tree height patterns across species ranges in Eastern North

America. (With Bob Leverett, Will Blozan, and other Eastern Native Tree Society members).

• Long-term dynamics of hemlock and maple forests in Sylvania Wilderness, MI (with M.B. Davis, S. Sugita, R. Montgomery).

• Climate change, including multiple feedbacks from disturbance, herbivory, and invasive species in temperate and boreal forests (With P. Reich, N. Fisichelli, D. Chaffin).

• Climate adaptation planning for seven National Parks in The Great Lakes Region (with R. Moen, S. Windels, R. Barnes).

TEACHING AND ADVISING Eighteen graduate students completed and 6 in progress (14 Ph.D. and 10 M.S., including 2 Native American students and 1 African student); 46 other graduate student committee assignments completed and 11 in progress, including students in 9 graduate programs (Natural Resource Science and Management, Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Conservation Biology, Geography, Plant Biology, Soil, Water and Climate, Landscape Architecture, Entomology, and History), and students at University of Quebec at Montreal, York University (Toronto), and Estonian University of Life Sceinces, (Tartu, Estonia). Former students include the Director of Conservation Science for The Nature Conservancy Minnesota, Regional Fire Ecologist for the National Park Service, Regional Forester for The Bureau of Indian Affairs (Denver), Research Ecologist with the Agricultural Research Service (Fort Collins), Policy analyst with the MN Department of Natural Resources, Director of Boreal Conservation Project for TNC, Data Analyst for Apple Computer, and faculty at The University of Wisconsin-Superior, SUNY Syracuse, and Penn State.

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Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising completed, with thesis titles:

Roth, Alexander, Ph.D., Natural Resource Science and Management (NRSM), and NSF IGERT invasive species, with P.Reich), 2010-2015. Thesis: Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), European earthworms, and ecosystem management: Invasion and restoration in Minnesota’s deciduous forests.

Ojanen, Paul, M.S., (NRSM), 2007-2014. Thesis: A study of herbaceous vegetation in Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest: Relationship of earthworms, white-tailed deer browsing and Carex Pensulvanica Lam.

Bapikee, Chaïna. Ph.D. NRSM, 2008-2013. Thesis: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) forest community dynamics across an environmental gradient from the prairie-forest border to interior forest biome.

Salk, Ted. M.S., NRSM (with R. Montgomery), 2005-2013. Thesis: Poor Recruitment is Changing the Structure and Species Composition of an Old-Growth Hemlock–Hardwood Forest.

Fisichelli, Nicholas. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich). 2007-2012. Thesis: Tree regeneration dynamics and drivers across the temperate-boreal transition zone.

Dieser, Peter. M.S, NRSM (with A. Ek), 2009-2011. Plan B paper: Analysis of the Cloquet Forestry Center Wildlife Species Habitat Suitability Index from 1959-2000 using Wildlife Habitat indicator for Native Genera and Species (WHINGS) Database Query Model.

Danz, Nick. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich), 2005-2009. Thesis: Spatial vegetation-environment relationships and distributional changes in the presettlement Minnesota prairie-forest boundary.

Peck, Jeri. Ph.D. NRSM (with Alan Ek), 2005-2007. Thesis: Toward the sustainable management of commercially harvestable epiphytic bryophytes.

Holdsworth, Andy. Ph.D. Conservation Biology (with P. Reich), 2000-2006. Thesis: Ecological consequences and conservation implications of non-native invasive earthworms in northern hardwood forests.

Rich, Roy. Ph.D., Forestry (with P. Reich), 1999-2006. Thesis: Large wind disturbance in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: Forest dynamics and development changes associated with the Jult 4th, 1999 blowdown.

Burton, Julia. M.S. Forestry (with Eric Zenner), 2002-2004. Thesis: A comparison of primary old-growth and second-growth northern hardwood forests on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota, USA.

Mehta, Smita. M.S. Conservation Biology (with A. Starfield), 2000- 2003. Thesis: A sensitivity analysis and application of LANDIS on the Nashwauk Uplands.

Hale, Cindy. Ph.D., Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2003. Thesis: European earthworm invasion dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities.

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Dovicak, Martin. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P Reich), 1995-2001. Thesis: Spatial patterns of white pine regeneration in relation to seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation and resources.

Weyenberg, Scott. M.S. Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2001. Thesis: A story of white pine regeneration as influenced by seed source strength and disturbance history in northeastern Minnesota.

Benedict, Michael. M.S. Forestry 1998-2001. Thesis: Black ash: its use by Native Americans, site factors affecting seedling abundance and ring growth in northern Minnesota.

Cornett, Meredith. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P. Reich and K. Puettmann) 1993-2000. Thesis: Ecological restoration of upland white cedar forests on the Lake Superior Highlands.

Augustine, David. M.S. Wildlife Ecology (with P.Jordan), 1994-1997. Thesis: Grazing patterns and impacts of white-tailed deer in a fragmented forest ecosystem.

Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising in Progress: Annie Hawkinson, M.S., NRSM (With R. Montgomery), 2016-

Kristi Nigul, Ph.D., Estonian University of Life Sciences (with A. Kangur), 2011- Karl Sames, M.S., NRSM, 2011- David Chaffin, Ph.D., NRSM, 2011- Elias Anoszko, Ph.D., NRSM (with P. Reich), 2010- Terry Serres, M.S., NRSM (with P. Reich), 2006-

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments Completed: Mack Glasby, M.S., NRSM, committee 2015-2016 Derek Rosenberger, Ph.D., Entomology, committee, 2013-2016 David Pavlik, M.S., Conservation Biology, committee, 2014-2015 Alexandra Lodge, Ph.D., NRSM, committee, 2012-2015 Andrew Pretorious, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2013-2015

Lorelle Berkeley, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2007-2014 Carrie Pike, Ph.D., NRSM, exam committee, 2013 Lane Johnson, M.S. Geography, committee 2011-2013

Eric Henderson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2013 Kerrie Sendall, Ph.D., Plant Biology, Committee, 2008-2012 Scott Loss, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2008-2011

Daniel Margoles, M.S., Geography, 2009-2010 Christopher William, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2007-2010

Nicholas Bolton, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2009-2010 Angela Hodgson, Ph.D., Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2009-2010 Grant Elliott, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009 Evan Larson, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009

Tor Janson, M.S., Landscape Architecture, Committee, 2009 Kate Skelton, M.S., Landscape Architecture, committee, 2008-2009

John Wing, Ph.D. History, committee, 2007-2009 Nathan DeJager, Ph.D. Ecology Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2006-2008

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Kris Johnson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2009 Andrew Jenks, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2008 Scott Sell, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, Committee 1998-2007 Anne-Marie Hoskinson, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2001-2006 Mark Seamans, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, committee, 2002-2005 Yu Wei, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 2001-2004 Amy Harder, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 2002-2004 Saewan Koh, Ph.D. Biology, Outside examiner,York University, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada, 2004 Dave Lytle, Ph.D. Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee 1998-2002 Mike Tobin, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, final exam, 2001 Steve Friedman, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 1995-2001 Kali Sawaya, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 1999-2000 Daren Carlson, M.S. Conservation Biology, Committee 1995-2001 Dan Kneeshaw, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Outside examiner, University of

Quebec at Montreal 2000 Robyn Flakne, Paleoecology, Ph.D. Committee, 1993-2000 Michael Counte, Forestry, M.S. Committee 1998-2000 Amelia Lu, Forestry, Ph.D. Committee, 1998-1999 José-Luis Machado, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee 1995-1998 Cynthia Lane, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, Committee, final exam, 1999 Timothy Parshall, Ecology, Ph.D. Committee, final exam, 1998 David W. Peterson, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, 1994-1998 Matt Duvall, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee 1994-1997 Cindy Hale, M.S. Forest Ecology, Committee 1993-1996 Steve Fettig, M.S. Wildlife Ecology, Committee, 1993-1995 Kent Slaughter, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee, 1993-1994 Mark Tjoelker, Ph.D. Tree Physiology, Prelim committee 1993 Mike Walters, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, final exam 1993

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments in Progress Stephanie Patton, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2016- Adrian Wackett, M.S. Soil, Water and Climate, committee, 2016- Claudia Naninga, Ph.D., NRSM, committee, 2016- Spencer Rettler, M.S., NRSM, committee 2015- Eric North, Ph.D. NRSM, committee, 2015- Christopher Looney, Ph.D., NRSM, committee 2015- Elizabeth Schneider, Ph.D., Geography, committee, 2015-

David Wilson, Ph.D., NRSM, committee, 2014- John Berini, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2012- Undergraduate research

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Approximately 50 undergraduate students employed over the last 15 years as field and lab assistants on graduate student and other research projects, in addition to University of Minnesota undergraduate research (UROP), and NSF REU and IGERT interns listed below.

Sabrina Shrader (NSF IGERT Summer Intern), 2009 Leah Rathbun (UROP), 2003

Rachel Nash (NSF REU), 2003 Erica Johnson (UROP), 1998

Courses, webinars and workshops taught

• 2009 to date. Teach Landscape Ecology and Management, a 3-credit course for senior undergraduates and graduate students.

• 2002 to date. Teach Forest Fire and Disturbance Ecology, a 3-credit course for senior undergraduates and graduate students.

• 1997-2015. Instructor for Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative, Cloquet Forestry Center, continuing education workshops for forest managers.

♦ Local Lake States Silviculture Module of National Advanced Silviculture Program (2015); taught units on Fire and Invasive species

♦ The science of climate change and forests ♦ A synthesis of fire and oak forests ♦ Wind and fire workshop ♦ Invasive earthworms in forests ♦ Managing forest stands in changing landscapes ♦ Natural disturbance in Midwestern Forests ♦ Bigwoods conservation and deer ♦ Range of natural variability in Great Lakes Forests

• 2014, 2015, 2016. Invasive species in Minnesota. Champlin Middle School (science immersion public school), ‘Expert Day’ workshop.

• 2014. Climate change adaptation in national Parks. Workshop, Voyageurs NP, International Falls, MN. Attended by 60 managers including National Park, National Forest and MNDNR staff.

• 2013. Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts webinar (statewide audience of MSAWCD staff)

• 2013. The National Extension Educators Workshop, Cloquet Forestry Center, MN. • 2013. Minnesota Climate Change Adaptation Workshop, Science Museum of Minnesota

(very broad audience including many land managers from throughout the state; this also resulted in coverage in the Minneapolsi Star Tribune and Minnesota Public Radio)

• 2013. Climate Science Workshop for Teachers, University of Minnesota St.Paul Campus. • 2010-2011, taught the seminar for NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship students, including a

semester on Communicating with the media and a semester on Interactions between native species and Genetically Modified Organisms.

• 1997-1999. Taught Fire Ecology and Management, a 2-credit course during spring quarter for Natural Resources Senior undergraduates and graduate students.

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• Instructor for Interagency Fire Management Course for National Park Service and National Forest Service employees.

• 1995. Prepare and teach workshop in ecosystem management of forests for Department of Natural Resources employees, National Forest Service employees and private consultants in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. (With M.J. Baughman, J. Kotar, C. Locey).

• 1989 -1991. Lecturer, University of Minnesota Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. Taught Introduction to Ecology, a four credit course for university juniors and seniors. Course was taught twice a year to about 35 students each session. Ninety-six percent of all students who completed evaluations rated overall quality of instructor good or excellent, and 79% rated the course as one of the top one-fourth among courses taken at the University of Minnesota.

• 1990. Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Bell Museum of Natural History. Taught a five-week course "Ecology of Midwestern Forests" for museum members and the general public.

VISITORS HOSTED

• Jiri Schlaghamersky, Assistant Professor, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Fulbright Scholar, September 2010-August 2011.

• Kalev Jogiste, Professor, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fulbright Scholar, September 2010-May 2011, and also short visit during 2014 and 2016.

• Hosted eight members of a Canadian delegation for the International Visitor Leadership Program (U.S. State Department). Discussed science collaboration between U.S. and Canada. June 14, 2016.

• Madhav Thakur, Olga Ferlian, and Ulrich Pruschitzki, post docs working with Nico Eisenhauer at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), University of Leipzig, August 2016.

SELECTED CONSULTING • 2010-2016. Sequoia Pictures Inc., and Gillen Group, Inc., Science adviser for Hollywood

movie ‘Ark’. • 2013-2016. Hart-Howerton (Landscape Architects), Restoration of Minnehaha Creek

Watershed in St.Louis Park, MN, and other landscape architecture projects. • 2013-2014. U.S. Air Force, Minneapolis, MN. Tree health consultant for the 133rd Wing

air base. • 2013. Minnesota Zoo, management of vegetation. • 2013. Hart-Howerton, University of Minnesota Scholar’s Walk update, consultant on tree

and plant species. • 2009. U.S. Army. Evaluation of beech forest at Silver Springs Army Reserve Facility,

Milwaukee, WI. • 2009. Barr Engineering. U.S. Steel Keetac project; EIS for biomass energy from logging

residue. • 2005-2006. Thunderhawk papermill expansion EIS for Blandin Paper Company.

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• 2004. Minnesota Historical Society. Assist with design of new exhibit for the Grand Rapids, MN Forest History Center Museum.

• 2000-2001. Foster-Wheeler Environmental Consulting, Inc., and USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest. Environmental Impact Statement for proposed prescribed burning to mitigate the potential impact of large fires in the July 4th blowdown within the BWCAW.

• 1999. US Forest Service, Superior and Chippewa National Forests, MN. Disturbance and natural variability of ecosystems in northern Minnesota.

• 1999. Minnesota Forest Council. Report on natural range of variability in disturbance regimes for Northern Superior Uplands.

• 1998. Boise Cascade Corporation (with Westwood Associates). Documentation of historical natural disturbance regime in northern Minnesota Peatlands Ecological Section.

• 1995. USDA Forest Service, Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin. Served on committee to set up permanent monitoring system to determine future effects of forest management practices on population dynamics of rare/sensitive species. Developed silvicultural prescription for restoration of old- growth northern hardwood forests.

• 1992-1994. Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc., Generic Environmental Impact Statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. One of four authors of the GEIS that guides forest management in the state of Minnesota through the year 2040.

• 1993. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Assist in developing procedures for evaluating quality of old growth northern hardwoods stands.

SELECTED GRANTS Total research support to date approximately $6,150,000 from grants as PI, Co-PI, or major collaborator, and from endowment earnings. Captial campaign endowment money raised to date: $650,000.

• Prescribed burning to improve management for brushland-dependent species. Rebecca Montgomery, Project Manager, Lee Frelich, Charlotte Roy and Lindsey Shartell, Collabortors. $267,000, Legislative Citizens Comission on Minnesota Resrouces, on recommended funding list, October 21, 2015.

• Cover it up! Using plants control buckthorn. Peter B. Reich PI; Lee E. Frelich, Shawn Shottler, Paul Bockenstedt, Ann Pierce and Alex Roth, Collaborators. Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center, $327,000, February 2016-September 2018.

• Accelerated Migration of Bur Oak Ecotypes for Climate Resilience, Lee E. Frelich PI. Part of LCCMR MeCC VIII: Restoration for Climate Resilience, Pollinators, and Working Lands, grant to Great River Greening, project manager Wiley Buck. $100,000, July 2015-June 2018.

• Climate change adaptation planning for northern forest ecosystems in Great Lakes National Parks. Ron Moen and Lee Frelich, Co-PIs. U.S. Dept Interior, National Park Service, $330,000, October 2013-September 2017. Sub-project grants: Red Lake Indian reservation, MN, $18,000. Quetico Provincial Park, and Quetico Foundation, Ontario, $17,000.

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• Successful Biological Control of Soybean Aphid: The Link to Buckthorn. George Heimpel, project manager, with Lee Frelich, Ian MacRae, Bruce Potter, Joe Kaser and Jean Ciborowski, collaborators; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Rapid Agricultural Response Fund, $99,000, July 2011-June 2013.

• Climate change and resilience in boreal forests. Lee E. Frelich, project manager, with collaborators Peter B. Reich and Rebecca Montgomery, Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources, $150,000, July 2011-June 2013.

• A synthesis of fire and oak restoration in the northeastern U.S. David W. Peterson, Lee E. Frelich and Peter B. Reich, Co-PIs, Joint Fire Science Program, $119,000, July 2010-December 2012.

• Terrestrial Synthesis for Voyageurs National Park. L.E. Frelich, PI. National Park Service, $39,000 for FY 2009-2012.

• Projecting Environmental Trajectories for Energy-Water-Habitat Planning. P.B. Reich, project manager, Clarence Lehman, Lee Frelich, Mark Seeley, Richard McGehee, Donald Wyse, and Jeanine Cavender-Bares, collaborators. Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), $194,000, July 1, 2009-June 30, 2011.

• An integrated initiative on climate change in northern forests. P.B. Reich, PI, R. Montgomery, J. Oleksyn, J. Bradford, B. Palik, T. Lee and L. Frelich, collaborators. $200,000, College of Food, Agricuture, and Natural Resource Science, July 2007-June 2009.

• Research assessment for the development of principles for the removal of woody biomass from forests and brushland, Lee. E Frelich and Dean Current, Co-PIs. University of Minnesota Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment, $191,572, September 2005-October 2006.

• Minnesota Worm Watch, Lee E. Frelich, PI, with Cindy Hale and Ken Gilbertson, Co-PIs. National Science Foundation, $75,000, September 2005-December 2007.

• Spatial analysis of northern Minnesota landscapes. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, $51,400. Project period May 2001-May 2003.

• European earthworm invasion and dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities. Lee E. Frelich, PI and Peter B. Reich, co-PI. National Science Foundation, $331,000. Project period September 2000-August 2004.

• Ecological Health and change in Quetico-Superior Forests. P.B. Reich, PI; Frelich has participated as Co-PI or major collaborator in a number of ongoing projects. Total support approximately $1,150,000 from Wilderness Research Foundation. Duration: Ongoing series of grants with periodic renewals, 1992-2013.

• Herbivory and regeneration of white cedar and white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI, and P.B. Reich, co-PI. Total Support: $44,000 from MNDNR Division of Parks and Recreation. Duration: April 1994 through June 1999.

• Deer browsing and maintenance of herbaceous plant in diversity in Minnesota forests. P. A. Jordan, PI, and J.Kitts, and L.E. Frelich, co-PIs. Total support: $60,000 from MN Agricultural Experiment Station. Duration: April 1994 through March 1997.

• Mechanisms of patch maintenance in old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests. P.B. Reich, PI, and L.E. Frelich, K. Puettmann, and M.B. Walters, co-PIs. National Science Foundation, total support $297,000. Duration: January 1995 through December 1997.

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• Ecosystem management of Minnesota Forests: a stand-to-landscape approach to sustainability and biodiversity in harvested and unharvested forests. P.Reich, PI, and D.Grigal, L.Frelich, M. Bauer, and L.Queen, co-PIs. National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, $200,000. Project period January 1995-December 1999.

• Center for Forest Ecology, endowment fund. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Major benefactors: Bruce B. Dayton and Wallace C. Dayton, University of Minnesota 21st Century Fellowship matching fund. Total money raised to date: $650,000.

• Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI; and P.B. Reich and M.B. Davis, co-PIs. University of Minnesota, Office of the Vice President for Research, New Initiatives in Interdisciplinary research Program, $100,000. Project period July 1997- July 2000.

• Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Wood-Rill Foundation, $100,000, May 2001-Sept 2007.

• Natural regeneration process of white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural resources (from a legislative appropriation), $160,000. Project period August 1997-June 30, 2001.

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Program chair for Ecological Society of America (ESA) 2016 annual meeting, Ft.

Lauderdale, Florida, August 7-12, 2016. The local program host for the 2013 ESA meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. • 1989 to date. Reviewer of 321 manuscripts manuscripts for 85 peer-reviewed journals:

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, American Naturalist, American Midland Naturalist, Annals of Forest Science, Applied Soil Ecology, Baltic Forestry, Biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences, Biological Conservation, Biological Invasions, Biology Letters, Bioscience, Biotropica, BMC Ecology, Botany, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Chemistry and Ecology, Climate, Climatic Change, Conservation Biology, Conservation Ecology, Diversity, Diversity and Distributions, Ecological Applications, Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Ecology Letters, Ecological Monographs, Ecological Restoration, Ecoscience, Ecosphere, Ecosystems, Environmental Conservation, European Journal of Forest Research, Forest Ecology and Management, Forests, Forestry, Forest Science, Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, Geoderma, Global Change Biology, The Holocene, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Forestry, international Journal of Geoinformation, Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal of Biogeography, Journal of Ecology, Journal of Forest Research, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, Landscape Ecology, Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Landscape Journal, Landscape and Urban Planning, Natural Areas Journal, Nature Climate Change, Nature Communications, Natural Resources Forum (a United Nations Journal), NeoBiota, New Forests, New Phytologist, Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Oecologia, Oikos, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pedobiologia, Plant Ecology, Plant Ecology and Diversity, Plos One, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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(USA), Remote Sensing, Restoration Ecology, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Southeastern Naturalist, South African Journal of Botany, Sustainability, Thaiszia-Journal of Botany (Slovakia), Trees Structure and Function, Vegetatio.

• 1990 to date. Reviewer of 75 proposals for: U.S. National Park Service Global Change Program, USDA Plant and Environment Program, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Society, Biodiversa (Europe), NSERC (Canada), and National Science Center of Poland.

• 2000 to date. Reviewer for book manuscripts, Harvard University Press, Cambridge University Press, Minnesota Historical Society, Cornell University Press.

• 2000 to date. Reviewer/fact checker of articles for National Geographic and The New Yorker.

• 2013. A signer of the “Open letter to congress from 250 scientists concerned about post-fire logging”. October 30, 2013. Featured in The New York Times editorial Nov. 8, 2013.

• 2010-2017. Meetings Committee, Ecological Society of America. Co-Chair for 2016-2017.

• 2010 to date. Faculty of 1000 Biology, Contributing reviewer for the Landscape and Spatial Ecology Section, 25 published reviews.

• 2010. Co-author of letter (with Gabriel Filippelli, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, and Donald Wuebbles, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana) to American Farm Bureau Federation President Bob Stallman on climate change. Letter was published in full in The New York Times. Followed by Union of Concerned Scientists Climate Change and National Security Forum, Washington DC, January 2010.

• 2009. Member, MN Department of Natural resources, Moose Advisory Committee • 2008, Co-organizer, with Sue Galatowitsch, Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity

Conservation: A Minnesota Response, on June 4-5 2008, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

• 2006, Co-organizer, with David Foster (Director of Harvard Forest) of ‘Alteration of North American forest communities by invasive invertebrates’, an Organized Oral Session for the Ecological Society of America Meeting in Memphis, TN, August 7, 2006.

• 2005-2015, Associate Editor, Ecoscience • 2004-2007, Associate Editor, Forest Science • 1992-1996, 1998-2002, 2004-2009. Three five-year terms on Commissioners Advisory

Committee for Scientific and Natural Areas, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

• Principal organizer, 5th Eastern U.S. Old-Growth Forest Conference. Duluth, MN, June 10-12, 1999.

• 1998-2000. Chair of Cooper Award Committee, Ecological Society of America. • 1996. Member, MNDNR’s White Pine Regeneration Strategy Committee. • 1996. Participant in Workshop on Large Infrequent Disturbances, at National Center for

Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA.

BOARDS / PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

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• 2014 to date, Board of Directors, Loring Greenway Association (Minneapolis, MN) • 2014 to date, Board of Directors, Citizens for a Loring Park Community (CLPC) • 2014-2016, Member, Citizens Advisory Committee for Minneapolis City-wide ecological

plan, Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. • 2012 to date, Member, Union of Concerned Scientists • 1982 to date, Member, Ecological Society of America • 2010 to date, Member, Natural Areas Association • 1997-to date, Board of Directors, Friends of Loring Park (Minneapolis, MN) • 2005 to date, Board of Directors, Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest (MA) • 2003 to date, Vice President, Native Tree Society • 2004 to date, Member, Forest Guild • 2006 to date, Advisory Council, Friends the Boundary Waters Wilderness • 2007-2011, Board of Directors, Great River Greening (MN) • 2001-2006. Board of Directors, Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness (MN)

HONORARY

• 2016. Program Chair, Ecological Society of America 101st Annual Meeting. • 2015. Environmental Education Award, Izaak Walton League, Breckenridge Chapter. • 2012. Faculty of 1000. Our paper, Li et al 2011, Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-667,

reviewed and rated ‘Must read’ by F1000 reviewer Eric Post. • 2012. Honorary ‘Lee Frelich’ trees established by the Native Tree Society. These include

a 170-year-old white pine in the Algonquin Grove in Mohawk Trail State Forest, Massachusetts (Eastern Native Tree Society Chapter) and a 300-year-old Pondersoa Pine in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado (Western Native Tree Society Chapter).

• 2011. Volunteer organization of the year, Minneapolis Park and recreation Board, award to Friends of Loring Park (I accepted the award as president of the organization).

• 2007-2011, President, Friends of Loring Park. • 2009-2010. Chair of the board of directors, Great River Greening. • 2008. Protection and Preservation of the Environment Award, Izaak Walton League,

Breckenridge Chapter. • 2007. Nature, Research Highlights. Our paper, Holdsworth et al. 2007, Conserv. Biol.,

featured in Nature, August 23, 2007 “Worm Wood”, vol. 448, p843. • 2007. Star Academic Professional Award, University of MN, College of Food,

Agriculture and Natural Resource Science. • 2006. Outstanding Achievement Award, University of MN, College of Natural Resources. • 2006-2008. Chair of MN Department of Natural Resources Commissioner’s Advisory

Committee on Natural Areas and Nongame Wildlife. • 2006. Sigurd Olson Memorial Lecturer, The Wilderness Society. • 2005. Dean’s Special Merit Award for Faculty Teaching and Research, University of

MN, Colleges of Natural Resources and Agricultural Food and Environmental Science. • 2000. Volunteer of the Year, Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. • 1997. Department of Natural Resources Award, Minnesota DNR.

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MEDIA APPEARANCES Approximately 446 appearances where research is cited or Frelich is quoted, appearing in 91 news media outlets. Most frequent topics include large scale wind damage to forests, European earthworm invasion, invasive plants, impact of deer on native plants, forest fires, old growth forests, and climate change. Selected Highlights

• KARE 11 News, Jeff Edmonson, November 3,2016, “Invasive earthworms endangering MN forests”, http://www.kare11.com/life/outdoors/invasive-earthworms-endangering-mn-forests/347257854

• Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, Laurie Allmann, November-December 2016, “Through the Looking Glass”.

• Duluth News Tribune, John Meyers, Sept. 16, 2016, “European worms harming North American forest diversity”. http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/4117692-european-worms-harming-north-american-forest-diversity

• Minneapolis Star Tribune, Josephine Marcotty, May 27, 2016, “DNR pursues better plan, better numbers on deer”, http://www.startribune.com/dnr-needs-better-plan-better-numbers-on-deer/380977841/

• Scientific American, Tim Palucka, May 1 2016, “Do all trees snap at 94 mph?”, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-all-trees-snap-at-about-94-mph/

• New Scientist, Bob Holmes, April 6, 2016, “Invasive earthworms threaten growth of new North American trees”

• Minnesota Public Radio, Mid-Morning with Kerri Miller, Aug. 5, 2015. Forest fires and fire danger. http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/08/05/bcst-controlled-burns-may-hold-the-key-to-manageable-wildfire-seasons

• Peninsula Pulse, Door County WI, July 17, 2015. Lee Frelich, “What will happen to our boreal forests?” http://www.ppulse.com/Articles-The-Green-Page-c-2015-07-16-122706.114136-The-Climate-Corner.html

• The Growler. June 30, 2015. Adam Overland, “Climate change: the good, the bad and the barley” http://growlermag.com/climate-change-the-good-the-bad-and-the-barley/

• St. Paul Pioneer Press, March 9, 2015. Dave Orrick, “From Boundary Waters mines to earthworm invasion: a conversation with Lee Frelich” http://www.twincities.com/sports/ci_27667922/from-boundary-waters-mines-earthworm-invasion-conversation-lee

• Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 2, 2015. “Climate change in Minnesota, 23 signs”. Note: Uses former Ph.D. student Nick Danz’ maps of maple abundance before settlement and now. http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/02/climate-change-primer

• Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 2, 2015. Elizabeth Dunbar and Dan Kraker, “Climate change in Minnesota: more heat, more big storms” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/02/climate-change-the-proof

• Minnesota Public Radio, Morning Edition, Feb. 3, 2015. Dan Kraker, “As state warms, a few spots keep their cool” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/03/climate-change-coldspots

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• Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 3, 2015. Dan Kraker, “Forest dilemma: what will grow in a changing climate?” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/03/climate-change-forestry

• Minneapolis Star Tribune. April 9, 2014. Jon Tevlin, “Tevlin: Legislators join battle against cattails” http://www.startribune.com/tevlin-legislators-join-battle-against-cattails/254457791/

• Weather.com (Weather Channel), January 9, 2014. Michele Berger, Frigid weather may harm emerald ash borer populations.

• Live Science, January 7, 2014. Becky Oskin, Extreme cold could halt invasive insect. • New York Times, November 8, 2013. Editorial Board, The wrong way to save a forest. • Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 20, 2013. Josephine Marcotty, Saving the Great

Northwoods. • St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 10, 2013. John Welbes, Minnesota’s top polluting

power plants singled out. • Minneapolis Star Tribune, March 24, 2013. Bill McAuliffe, “Latest earthworm dirt:

Climate change villain” • Capital Times (Madison, WI), April 7, 2013. Bill Beerry, “Climate change deniers driven

by dogma” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, February 1, 2013. Bill McAuliffe, “Pests wait out Minnesota’s

cold” • Minnesota Public Radio, January 30, 2013. Stephanie Hemphill, “Competing goals

apparent in new policy on old forest” • St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 27, 2012. Dave Orrick, “Signs of life appearing in area

blackened by the Pagami Creek Fire” • Climate Wire, May 21, 2012. Daniel Cusick, “WILDLIFE: The ice goes, fire comes and

new species redefine the North Woods” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, January 13, 2012. Kim Palmer, “Do new maps provide relief

for zone envy?” • Science News for Kids, November 9, 2011. Cecile LeBlanc, “Tiny earthworms’ big

impacts” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 20, 2011. Bill McAuliffe, “Signs of new life in

BWCA ashes” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, September 20, 2011. Josephine Marcotty, “From fire: BWCA

forest of the future” • St.Paul Pioneer Press, September 16, 2011. Dave Orrick and Dennis Lien, “Historic

BWCA fire rejuvenates as it burns” • St. Paul Pioneer Press, Sept. 4 , 2011. Dennis Lien, “In Kandiyohi County, an elm forest

that time—and disease—forgot” • Lake Superior Magazine, April-May 2011. Cheryl Lyn Dybas, “Icons of the north woods,

what will the future hold for our moose, wolves and bears?” • Natural History, July-August 2011. Cheryl Lyn Dybas, “A frenzy of bears”. • Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 31, 2010. Tom Meersman, “North woods landscape is

under attack” • St.Paul Pioneer Press, August 30, 2010, Dennis Lien, “Catastrophe for cattails”

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• MinnPost, August 12, 2010. Steve Berg, “BWCAW blowdown and aftermath show how global warming is changing Minnesota: Prairies are replacing forests”

• Timberjay Newspapers, July 17, 2010. Adam Masloski, “Forest School—Outdoor classroom”.

• Minnesota Conservation Volunteer. January-February 2010, Gustave Axelson, “Trees fit for the future”

• The New York Times, January 11, 2010. Allison Winter, “Farm Bureau Fires Back Against Climate Bill's ‘Power Grab’”

• Duluth News Tribune, September 15, 2009. John Myers, “Prairie/forest border is moving north because of warmer climate”

• St.Paul Pioneer Press, Sept. 16, 2009. Dennis Lien, “U scientists say forests are feeling the heat”

• Tower-Soudan Timberjay, July 4, 2009, Marshall Helmberger, “The blowdown revisited” • Backpacker, September 2007. Gustave Axelson, “Bye bye, Boundary Waters. As

temperature rise, Minnesota’s North Woods will likely go up in smoke” • Nature, August 23, 2007. Research Highlights, Ecology, “Worm Wood”, a brief review

of findings of paper by Holdsworth, Frelich and Reich, published in Conservation Biology 21: 997-1008.

• Minneapolis Star Tribune, May 16, 2007, Richard Meryhew. “A blaze with benefits” • Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), May 11, 2007. Live TV interview with

Eric Eskola and Cathy Wurzer, about the Ham Lake Fire. • New Scientist, March 3, 2007. Jessica Marshall, “War of the Worms” • Boston Globe, December 11, 2006, Beth Daley. “When worms turn” • St.Paul Pioneer Press, October 1, 2006. Dennis Lien. “Last Stand for our forests?” • Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), July 21, 2006. Live TV interview with Eric

Eskola and Cathy Wurzer, about the Cavity Lake Fire. • The Osgood Files (CBS Radio), June 10, 2004. Charles Osgood, ‘Killer earthworms” • Audubon, March 2004. Peter Friederici, “Earthwormed over” • National Geographic, February 2004. Margaret G. Zackowitz “Attack of the Alien

Earthworms” • Orion, November/December 2003. Tom Horton, “The new old growth” • The New York Times, October 28, 2003. Anne Minard, “Researchers build a case for

Earthworm’s slimy reputation” • Los Angeles Times, September 18, 2003. Eric Slater, story on European earthworms. • BioScience, July 2003. Christine Mlot, “The perfect windstorm study” • The Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2003. Ellen Byron, “The worm turns: off home turf, it’s

down to no good.” • American Profile, Northeast Edition, May 11, 2003. Gayle Goddard-Taylor, “Hunting our

heritage trees” • Duluth News Tribune, June 1, 2003. John Myers, “Rising through the ashes” • Duluth News Tribune, May 26, 2002. John Myers, “Trees carry centuries in their

branches” • St. Paul Pioneer Press, January 19, 2001. Dennis Lien, “1,000-year-old trees could go”

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• Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), January 19, 2001. Live TV interview with Eric Eskola and Cathy Wurzer, about the ancient cedars.

• The Minnesota Daily, October 13, 2000. Seth Woehrle, “Invasion of European earthworms altering Minnesota forest floor”

• Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 28, 2000. Norman Berlinger, “A bad case of worms” • St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 18, 2000. Dennis Lien, “A new BWCA branches out” • The New York Times, May 14, 2000. “Blanketed in felled trees, Minnesota braces for

fires” • Newsweek, April 3, 2000. Environment, “Playing the waiting game with a natural

disaster” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, Science, March 29, 2000. Tom Meersman, “A blow down and

windfall in the BWCA” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, July 11, 1999. Tom Meersman, “Scars won’t fade quickly” • The Minnesota Daily, October 20, 1998. Minneapolis (AP), “Study: high deer population

hurts some native plants” • Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 16, 1998. “High deer population upsetting ecosystem”

Lists of media venues Radio

• Minnesota Public Radio Mid-Morning call in shows, Daily Circuit, Morning Edition and Evening Edition news (59 times)

• Minnesota News Network and Farm News Network, distributed to 80 commercial radio stations (6 times)

• National Public Radio, All Things Considered • Grand Marais MN Public Radio, WTIP (4 times) • Grand Rapids, MN, KAXE (4 times) • Outdoor Talk Radio Network (Pennsylvania) • CBC Ontario (2 times) • CBS Radio Osgood Files • Two Harbors, MN community radio, KTWH • WCCO Radio, Minneapolis (5 times) • Northampton, MA, WXOJ radio

TV • Kare 11 News, Minneapolis NBC affiliate (6 times) • KSTP 5 Evening News, Minneapolis ABC affiliate (6 times) • Fox 9 News, Twin Cities (5 times) • WCCO TV channel 4, Minneapolis CBS affiliate (16 times) • Twin Cities Public Television Almanac News Magazine (3 times) • WIVB CBS Buffalo, NY

Newspapers and electronic publications • ABC News • Bloomberg Business Week • Boston Globe

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• Capital Times, Madison, WI • City Pages, Minneapolis, MN (3 times) • Climate Progress • Climate Wire (2 times) • Crookston Times (MN) • The Daily Collegian (Penn State) • Daily Hampshire Gazette (Western MA) • Daily Planet (online newspaper in Minneapolis) • The Detroit News • Duluth News Tribune (9 times) • Farm Progress • The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA) • Grand Rapids Herald (MN) • Great Lakes Echo • The Journal (International Falls, MN) • The Journal (Downtown Minneapolis, 3 times) • La Crosse Tribune • Las Sie Zmienia (Press Release, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland) • Live Science • Los Angeles Times • Maaülikool (Estonian University of Life Science newspaper) • Mesabi Daily News (northern MN) • Miami Herald • Midwest Energy News • Minneapolis Star Tribune (25 times) • Minnesota Daily (5 times) • MinnPost (an online newspaper, 3 times) • Minnesota Monitor (an online newspaper) • New England Cable News • New York Times (3 times) • Outdoor News (Minnesota, 2 times) • Peninsula Pulse (Door County, WI) • Portland Press Herald (Maine) • Rochester Post Bulletin (MN, 3 times) • Science News for Kids • Sierra Club North Star Blog, (by Brock Berglund, Aug. 7, 2014) • St.Cloud Times (MN, 2 times) • St.Paul Pioneer Press (16 times) • Timberjay (Ely and Tower, MN, 12 times) • Union of Concerned Sientists Guest Blog, Feb. 2015 • Wall Street Journal • Weather.com (Weather Channel website)

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• West Central Tribune (Wilmar MN) • Winona Post (Winona MN)

Magazines • American Forests • Audubon • Backpacker (5-page feature article, Sept 2007) • Big River Magazine • Bioscience • Canadian Geographic • The Growler • Lake Superior Magazine • Minnesota Monthly (Magazine from MN Public Radio) • Minnesota Conservation Volunteer (8 times) • Minnesota (University of Minnesota Alumni Magazine, 2 times) • Momentum (University of Minnesota Institute on Environment) • Mother Jones • National Geographic • National Parks • Natural History • Newsweek (on same page with Marilyn Monroe) • New Scientist (2 times) • Oceanography • Orion Magazine • Parade Magazine • Popular Mechanics • Science • Scientific American • Wisconsin Natural Resources • Woodland (American Forest Foundation)

Books • 2010. Paddle North—Canoeing the Boundary Waters-Quetico Wilderness. Greg

Breining, essays and Layne Kennedy, photography. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Chapter VII, pages 79-93, discusses Frelich experiences with wind and fire in the Boundary Waters.

• 2007. Noah’s Ark 21st Century. Novel, John MacDonald, Curlew Press, Minneapolis. Endorsement by Frelich on back cover.

• 2006. A Scientists guide to talking with the media—practical advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Richard Hayes and Daniel Grossman, Rutgers University Press. Frelich experiences with the media are discussed on pages, xi, 3, 14, 53, and 56.

• 2005. Underground—How creatures of mud and dirt shape our world. Yvonne Baskin, Shearwater, Island Press, Washington DC. Chapter IV, pages 58-79, discuss Frelich’s and PhD student Cindy Hale’s earthworm research.

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• 2004. The forest for the trees. Jeff Forester. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Quoted on page 172.

• 2004. The earth moved—on the remarkable achievements of earthworms. Amy Stewart, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. Chapter, ‘In the Forest’ pages 99-109, discusses earthworm research by Frelich and Hale.

Videos and museum/art exhibits • Minnesota’s Boreal Forest at Risk: Vanishing Trees and Plants. A collaboration with 10

Botanical artists from Minnesota to portray boreal tree speciesin their natural environment. Has been exhibited in various art galleries throughout the state, accompanied by Frelich lectures during 2011-2016, and scheduled to be exhibited at the Weisman Art Museum on Minneapolis Campus during 2018.

• Landscape Disturbance. Pictures by photographer/artist Regina Flanagan, of forest succession after the 2011 Pagami Creek Fire in the BWCAW, will be on exhibit at the College of Design during fall smester, 2016, and Frelich was part of a panel discussion of the photographs on October 26.

• Visualizing the future of Minnesota’s BWCAW. Collaboration with photographer/artist David Luke, will show digitally altered impacges of the BWCAW, removing boreal forest and replacing it with oak savanna to visualize the future with a warmer climate. Exhibit at the University of Minnesota College of Design, January-February 2017. Frelich will speak at the opening.

• The Thin Skin of Earth—our Soils, exhibit created by the Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz, Germany, which opened there June 10, 2016, and will travel to Frankfurt, Bonn and other locations in the future. The exhibit includes photos of the impact of invasive European earthworms in North American forests from Frelich’s research program.

• Derecho. Science Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Video and accompanying exhibit in the Hall of Earth Sciences, 2001.

• Bell Live! Nature in the city. Video for Middle School use throughout the state of MN, produced by the Bell Museum of Natural History, Minneapolis, MN, 2001.

• People and forests. Video produced by St.Louis County Land Department, 2000. • Minnesota’s white pines: our vanishing heritage. Video produced by the White Pine

Society, Ely Minnesota, 1997. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

• Ca 278 community presentations given to date; approximately 20 presentations annually to civic groups such as Master Gardeners, Kiwanis clubs, Rotary clubs, retirement clubs, librairies, public schools, hiking clubs, environmental/green expos, nature centers, corporations (e.g. Boston Scientific, Land-O-Lakes) and environmental NGOs (e.g. MN Conservation Corps, Sierra Club, Conservation Minnesota, Citizens Climate Lobby). Most common topics include: Climate change and forests, Invasive earthworms in forests, Fire and wind in the boreal forest.

• 1997 to date, board member of 6 organizations (details above). • 2010-2016. Minnesota Boreal Art Project. Science consultant for project by botanical

artists to portray changes in Minnesota forests caused by a warming climate.

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• 2010. Award for public involvement in art from Minneapolis Arts Commission, for commissioning ‘Awakening’ a stained glass window in the Loring Park Commuity Center. Award given to Friends of Loring Park, August 2010, and accepted by President Lee Frelich.

• 1997. Co-designer of the award winning Garden of the Seasons in Downtown Minneapolis, Loring Park (with Minneapolis Park Board Chief Horticulturalist at that time Mary Lerman; the garden has received Committee on Urban Environment (CUE) and Minnesota Horticultural Society awards).

Selected community presentations

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. The future of our boreal forest in a changing climate. Newport State Park Naturalist Program, Door County, WI. August 21, lecture and hike, ca 30 attending.

• 2016. Frelich L.E. Climate change and forests. National Forest Cabin owners Association Annual Meeting, Carlson School of Business, Minneapolis Campus, Sept. 17, 50 attending..

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Invasive earthworms in Minnesota forests. Dodge Nature Center Owls, June 7, ca 40 people attending.

• 2016. Frelich L.E. Natural History Tour of the Minnesota Valley Chapter Grounds and Minnesota River Valley Floodplain, Izaak Walton League. Hike and talk, May 15.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests in Minnesota. Woman’s Club of Minneapolis, April 5, ca 50 people attending.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Climate change adaptation. Izaak Walton League Breckenridge Chapter, Champlin, MN, February 23, ca 35 people attending.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Master Gardener Conference, Landscape Arboretum, Chaska, MN, June 26, ca 80 attending.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and invasive species in the Boundary Waters. Tuesday Group, Ely, MN, July 21, ca 120 attending.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Garden U 2015, St.Croix Valley Master Gardeners, New Richmond, WI. March 21, Ca 120 attending.

• 2015. Frelich L.E. Restoring urban biodiversity. Keynote presentation, Citizens for a Loring park Community (CLPC) Annual meeting.march 24, Ca 100 attending.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. History and future of oak forests. Keynote presentation, Friends of Loring Park Annual meeting, Minneapolis MN, May 2, ca 75 attending.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Big wind storms, fires and succession in the BWCAW and Kekakabic Trail. Kekekabic Trail Club, Feb. 24, Midwest Mountaineering, Minneapolis, MN.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate and forests. Citizens Climate Lobby, Jan. 25, Macalester College, St.Paul, MN.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. Earthworms from seed to ecosystem, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Coffman Union, Minneapolis, MN, Feb. 28.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate change in Minnesota forests. Wild Ones Native Plant group, March 15, Shorewood, MN, ca 50 attending.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. The Deep history of Loring Park: the last 20,000 years. Friends of Loring Park annual gardening Kickoff, Minneapolis, MN, May 10.

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• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Osher Life Long Learning Institute, Minneapolis Campus, Feb. 11, ca 50 attending.

• 2013. Frelich L.E. Climate change and forests, MinnPost forum at Hells Kitchen, Minneapolis, Feb. 25, ca 120 attending.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Oak forests and fire. Minnesota Native Plant Society monthly meeting, South St. Paul, MN, May 2, ca 90 attending.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. The Kandiyohi Elm Forest. Friends of Loring Park, Spring Garden Kickoff. May, 4, 40 people attending.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Friends of LeDuc Mansion, Hastings, MN. May 13, 30 people attending.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Science of climate change and impacts on forests. Ely Tuesday Group, Ely MN. May 13, 60 people attending.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. Climate Change and Fire, Izaak Walton League, Breckenridge Chapter, Feb. 28, 30 people attending.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. The Pagami Creek and Hinckley Fires, with Mark Seeley. Hennepin County Library, Plymouth, MN., March 3, 30 people attending.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. Climate Change and Forests, Boston Scientific Corporation April 18, 50 BSC employees attending.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. A Conservation on Climate Change, with John Abraham and Paul Douglas, Sept 27, Champlin High School, 80 people attending.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. New Frontiers in Invasive Earthworm Research. Minnesota Native Plant Society Meeting, Feb. 3, West St.Paul, MN, 68 attending.

• 2011.Frelich L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate change and forests. Richardson Nature Center, Bloomington, MN, March 24. Annual volunteer recognition dinner, ca 50 people attending.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and forest conservation. Wayzata Garden Club, Wayzata MN, May 11, ca 30 people attending.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change invasive species and forests. University of Minnesota Women’s Club, May 25, ca 30 attending.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and forests. Retired Masons, Minneapolis MN, May 26, ca 50 people attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate change and Minnesota ecosystems, University of Minnesota Classes Without Quizzes, keynote address. April 10, Ca 120 university alumni and teachers attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate change science and ecosystem impacts in Minnesota, Conversations of the Valley, May 18, Stillwater, MN. Luncheon with ca 100 people attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate change and Minnesota forests, Minnesota Conservation Corps, retreat, St.Croix State Park. July 7, Ca 50 MCC volunteers attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E., C.M. Hale, A. Holdsworth and P.B. Reich. July 15-16, 2010. Invasive earthworms in northern hardwood forests. Presentation and hike for weekly lecture series at the Sylvania Wilderness Visitor Center, July 15-16, Watersmeet, MI. Ca 50 local

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residents and wilderness visitors in attendance. • 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Forests, invasive species and climate change,

University Women, Luncheon meeting, Nov. 2, 990 Summit Avenue, St.Paul. Ca 120 in attendance.

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS Approximately 252 invited professional presentations given to date. International

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Seven ways a warming climate can kill the boreal forest. Invited Plenary/Keynote presentation, Conference on Trees and Climate, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland, 266 people attending.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. 400 years of fire and wind in boreal forests of northern Minnesota. Invited seminar, Institute of Dendrology, Kornik Poland.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Ecological cascades emanating from earthworm invasions. Invited seminar, Institute of Dendrology, Kornik Poland.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Disturbances of many types and sizes impact the boreal to temperate forest transition in a warming climate. Invited presentation in the symposium, Forest disturbance dynamics and landscape patterns, Organized by Kalev Jogiste, IUFRO Landscape Ecology Conference, Tartu, Estonia, August 27, 2015.

• 2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. Impacts of multiple disturbances on species composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Carbon Sequestration of Disturbed and Managed Ecosystems Workshop, Aukštaitija National Park, Lithuania, October 22, 2013.

• 2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2013. Impacts of multiple disturbances on tree community composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Invited Seminar University of Helsinki, Finland, November 29, 2013.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E., R. Rich and P. Reich. Forest blowdowns: severity, relative susceptibility of tree species and successional paetterns in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Wilderness. Invited presentation, Forest Disturbance Research Network (FDRN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct. 2012.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E., R. Peterson, M. Dovciak, P. Reich, J. Vucetich, and N. Eisenhauer. Trophic cascades and the temperate-boreal transition in a warming climate. Invited presentation for the Forest Ungulates Research Network (FURN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct. 2012.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Effects of invasive earthworms on biogescience processes, Opening presentation for the Symposium, Earthworms in geophysical processes, Canadian Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May.

• 2009. Frelich, L.E. 400 years of fire and wind in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters. Opening presentation for the Symposium on Boreal Forests and Range of Natural Variability, European Congress of Conservation Biology, Prague, Czech Republic, September.

• 2001. Frelich, L.E. Canadian old growth: a Science perspective. Keynote address, Canadian Old Growth Conference, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, November.

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• 1997. Frelich, L.E. Neighborhood effects, disturbance and community stability. Invited seminar, Montreal Botanical Garden and University of Quebec at Montreal, December 7.

U.S. • 2016. Frelich, L.E. Historic and future roles of fire in Minnesota forests. Invited keynote,

SFEC Fire in Minnesota Forests Symposium, December, 1, Grand Rapids, MN, 130 people attending.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Member of panel to discuss photographs of succession after the Pagami Creek fire, by Regina Flanagan. College of design, U of MN Campus, October 26.

• 2016. Schuster, M., P. Wragg, P. Reich, and L. Frelich. Cover it up! Using plants to control buckthorn. Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference, October 17, La Crosse, WI.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Disturbance and succession on the boreal forest: 400 years of fire and wind in northern Minnesota. Texas A&M University, Ecosystem Science and Management, Fall 2016 Seminar Series, Disturbance in the Anthropocene: a multi-ecosystem perspective, Sept. 27, ca 45 people attending.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Biotic resistance to invaders, Itasca State Park. Mississippi River Basin Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species, Itasca State Park, MN, Sept 21, ca 35 people attending.

• 2016. L.E. Frelich. 400 years of fire and wind in Minnesota’s BWCAW. Minnesota Native Plant Society annual symposium, Bell Museum of Natural History, Minneapolis, April 2, ca 170 people attending.

• 2016. L.E. Frelich, L.E. Historical and future native tree distributions in Minnesota. Shade Tree Short Course, general Session of ca 1000 people, Benson Great Hall, Bethel University, St.Paul, MN, March 16.

• 2016. Frelich, L.E. Fire-dependent forest ecosystems of the northern Lake States. Plenary presentation for ca 250 people, Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Mankato, MN, Feb. 9.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. The science and ecology of climate change. Opening presentation for the conference for 120 medical professionals: Climate change and public health: An interprofessional review. Allina Health headquarters, Minneapolis, Nov. 21.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E., N.A. Fisichelli, N. Eisenahuer, and P.B. Reich. Large ungulates, landscape dynamics, and forest succession in a changing climate. Invited presentation for the Organized Oral Session: Ungulate overabundance as a driver of above and below ground interactions, organized by Colin Cope (Case Western Reserve University) and Susan Kalisz (University of Tennesee). Ecological Society of America 100th Annual Meeting, August 12, Baltimore, MD.

• 2015. Lee E. Frelich and Rebecca Rom. Effects of copper-sulfide mining on the Boundary Waters Wilderness: The Science. Organized by Save the Boundary Waters, Vermilion Community College, Ely MN, July 21.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Steger Summer Institute. Apple Valley MN, June 15.

• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Future of the boreal forest in a changing climate. Invited presentation at the Door County Climate Change Forum, Sturgeon Bay, WI, May 9.

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• 2015. Frelich, L.E. Disturbance and succession in the boreal forest: 400 years of fire and wind in northern Minnesota. Invited seminar, Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, March 2.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E., R. Rich, E. Anoszko, and P. Reich. Testing theories of disturbance in temperate and boreal forests, Invited presentation for the Organized Oral Session by Jill Johnstone and Monica Turner, Ecological Society of America annual meeting, August 13, Sacramento, CA.

• 2014. Roth, A.M., Lodge, A.G., Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. A weedy issue: Shifts in community composition following common buckthorn removal. Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference. October 2014, Duluth, MN.

• 2014. Anoszko, E., Frelich, L.E., and P.B. Reich. Once burned twice shy: multiple fires and wind+fire combinations alter successional patterns in the boreal forest. International Association of Wildland Fire, Association for Fire Ecology, conference on Large Wildland Fires: Social, Political and ecological effects conference. Missoula, MT, May 19-23, 2014.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and biome shifts, Invited presentation, Native Tree Society, Durango, CO.

• 2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and the prairie-forest and temperate-boreal forest ecotones, Master Naturalists Annual Conference Keynote, Annandale, MN.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Forests and climate change, St. Croix National Scenic River, St. Croix Falls, WI.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. Minnesota Forests at the Crossroads: spruce, maple or savanna?, Minnesota Zoo, Our World Speaker Series, Apple Valley, MN.

• 2013. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. European earthworm invasion in forests. 37th Annual National Indian Timber Symposium. Menominee Nation Casino, KeshenaWI.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. Phenological observations. Minnesota Phenology Association annual meeting, keynote presentation. Cloquet Forestry Center, MN.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. Oak in the context of climate change, Oak Symposium, keynote presentation, St.John’s University, Collegeville, MN.

• 2012. Frelich, L.E. Climate change in Forests. Menominee Casino Resort, Keshena, WI., 80 tribal members and foresters attending.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and forests. Hannover Lecture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, April.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Assisted migration, invasive species and vulnerable species, Shifting Seasons Great Lakes Climate Change Summit. College of Menominee Nation Sustainable Development Institute, Menominee Casinao Hotel, Keshena, WI.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and the priaire-forest border. Adaptive Peaks lecture. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, April.

• 2011. Frelich, L.E. Tree mortality and fires, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meeting, Grand Casino, Hinckely, MN.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. Ecology of Black Ash, Keynote presentation for 300 people at The Black Ash Symposium, Bemidji, MN.

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• 2010. Frelich, L.E. Opening presentation on climate change and forests of the Public symposium: Moose in a warming world. Part of the 2010 Moose Conference and Workshop, International Falls, MN.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. Hemlock and maple forest dynamics, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meeting, Laona, WI.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and invasive species in forests, Luncheon banquet presentation for the Minnesota-Wisconsin Invasive Species Conference for 600 people. St.Paul, MN.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate change and Minnesota Ecosystems, Minnesota Association for Environmental Education (MAEE) annual meeting keynote address, Sugar Lake Lodge, Grand Rapids, MN. Ca 130 K-12 teachers attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. New frontiers in invasive earthworm research. Plenary presentation at the Midwest Fish and Wildlife conference for ca 800 people, Minneapolis, MN.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Climate Change and Ecosystem Adaptation in the Great Lakes National Parks, National Park Service Annual Midwest Regional Conference, Green Hall, St.Paul Campus, ca 120 NPS employees attending.

• 2010. Frelich, L.E. Forests and moose on Isle Royale National Park, MI, Eastern Native Tree Society Annual Meeting and Forest Summit, Holyoke Ma. Ca 110 ENTS and local residents in attendance.

• 2009. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, earthworm invasion, and future of forest and aquatic ecosystems in Minnesota. Rivers and Lakes Conference, Rochester, MN.

• 2009. Frelich, L.E. Keynote presentation, Climate change and forests at The Gypsy Moth Review, Minneapolis, MN.

• 2009. Frelich, L.E. Earthworms and forest, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meeting. Mystic Lake Casino, Prior Lake, MN.

• 2008. Frelich, L.E. Invited presentation at The Climate Change Forum, Ely MN, with Arctic explorer Will Steger, MN Governor Tim Pawlenty, and U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar.

• 2008. Frelich, L.E. Global warming and forests, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meeting, College of Menominee Nation, Keshena, WI.

• 2008. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. Fire Ecology in the BWCAW. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Regional Forestry Meeting, College of Menominee Nationa, Keshena, WI.

• 2008. Frelich, L.E. Bennet Memorial Lecture, 400 years of fire and wind in the BWCAW, University of Michigan Biological Station.

• 2008. Frelich, L.E. Keynote presentation, Forest and climate change, Winter Camper Rendezvous, Ely MN.

• 2007. Frelich, L.E. Fire and wind in the boreal forest, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meeting. College of Menominee Nation, Keshena, WI..

• 2007. Frelich, L.E. Wind and tree mortality, Minnesota Shade Tree Conference, Bethel University, Roseville, MN, ca 800 arborists attending.

• 2007. Frelich, L.E. Presentation on Global warming and forests, to a joint meeting of the Minnesota State House and Senate, Capitol Building, St.Paul.

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• 2007. Frelich, L.E. Global warming and forests, Rochester Community College, with U.S. House Representative Tim Walz and J. Drake Hamilton, Rochester MN.

• 2006. Frelich, L.E. Invited Seminar, Climate change and invasive species, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI.

• 2006. Frelich, L.E. Forests and climate change, The Science Museum of Minnesota, with Paul Douglas of WCCO TV and J Drake Hamilton of Fresh Energy.

• 2005. Frelich, L.E. Invasive earthworms in forests. Keynote talk, Eastern Native Tree Society annual meeting, Holyoke, MA.

• 2004. Frelich, L.E. Invasive earthworms, Invited seminar Iowa State University, Ames, IA.

• 2004. Frelich, L.E. Plenary presentation, Disturbance ecology, North American Forest Biology Workshop, Houghton, MI.

• 2004. Frelich, L.E. Fire and restoration, for ca 800 orborists, Minnesota Shade Tree Conference, Bethel University, Roseville, MN.

• 2003. Frelich, L.E. Disturbance and range of natural variability, Society of American Foresters, Buffalo, NY.

PUBLICATIONS Total of 153 publications (87 peer reviewed articles, 9 books/book chapters, 3 book reviews, and 54 technical reports or popular items). Publications have appeared in 42 peer-reviewed journals with 161 coauthors from 19 countries. Top 1% of scientists in the world list, Web of Science, Essential Science Indicators, Ecology and Environment category (2014-2016). Citations (October 2016): Google Scholar, ca 600 per year, career total 6778, H-index 43, 20 publications with >100 citations; Web of Science, ca 400 per year, career total 4186 (including books), H index 34, 13 publications with >100 citations.

Peer-reviewed articles

Craven, D., M. Thakur, E. Cameron, L.E. Frelich, R. Beausejour, R. Blair, B. Blossey, J. Burtis, A. Choi, A. Davalos, T. Fahey, N. Fisichelli, K. Gibson, I.T. Handa, K. Hopfenspberger, S. Loss, V. Nuzzo, J. Maerz, T. Sackett, B. Scharenbroch, S. Smith, M. Vellend, L. Umek, and N. Eisenhauer. 2016. The unseen invaders: introduced earthworms as drivers of change in plant communities in North American forests (a meta-analysis). Global Change Biology, online accepted papers.

Frelich, L.E. 2016. “Temperate Coniferous Forests” Oxford Bibliographies in Ecology. Ed. David Gibson. New York: Oxford University Press, October 2016. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199830060/obo-9780199830060-0162.xml?rskey=bkX55P&result=67.

Johnstone, J.F, C.D. Allen, J.F. Franklin, L.E. Frelich, B.J. Harvey, P.E. Higuera, M.C. Mack, R.K. Meentemeyer, M.R. Metz, G.L.W. Perry, T. Schoennagel, and M.G. Turner. 2016. Changing disturbance regimes, ecological memory and forest resilience. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14: 369-378.

Frelich, L.E. 2016. Forest dynamics: how neighborhood effects fit into a landscape ecology

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viewpoint. F1000 Research 2016, 5(F1000 Faculty Reviews: 183 DOI 10.12688/f1000research.7412.1).

Fisichelli, N.A., A. Stefanski, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2015. Temperature and leaf nitrogen affect performance of plant species at range overlap. Ecosphere, 6(10): article 186.

Vodde, F., K. Jogiste, J. Engelhart, L.E. Frelich, W.K. Moser, A. Sims, M. Metslaid. 2015. Impact of wind-induced microsites and disturbance severity on tree regeneration patterns: Results from the first post-storm decade. Forest Ecology and Management 348: 174-185.

Roth, A.M., T.J.S. Whitfeld, A.G. Lodge, N. Eisenhauer, L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2015. Invasive earthworms interact with abiotic conditions to influence the invasion of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica). Oecologia 178: 219-230.

Schlaghamersky, J., N. Eisenhauer, and L.E Frelich. 2014. Earthworm invasion alters enchytraied community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America. Applied Soil Ecology 83: 159-169.

Whitfeld, T.J.S., A.M. Roth, A.G. Lodge, N. Eisenhauer, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants. Biological Invasions 16: 2181-2193.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Temperate tree expansion into adjacent boreal forest patches facilitated by warmer temperatures. Ecography 37: 152-161.

Frelich, L.E. 2013. “Boreal Biome” Oxford Bibliographies in Ecology. Ed. David Gibson. New York: Oxford University Press, May 2013. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199830060/obo-9780199830060-0085.xml?rskey=uXGPUZ&result=6

Danz, N.P., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and G.J. Niemi. 2013. Abrupt prairie-forest transition across a smooth climate gradient in presettlement Minnesota, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 24: 1129-1140.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2013. Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests. Biological Invasions 15: 1057-1066.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2013. Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate-boreal forests. Landscape Ecology 28: 149-159.

Loss, S.R., R. Hueffmeier, C.M. Hale, G.E. Host, G. Sjerven, and L.E. Frelich. 2013. Earthworm invasions in northern hardwoods forests; a rapid assessment method. Natural Areas Journal 33: 500-509.

Frelich, L.E. and E.J. Ostuno. 2012. Estimating wind speeds of convective storms from tree damage. Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 7: 1-19.

Schlaghamersky, J, and L.E. Frelich. 2012. First records of Parergodrilus heideri (Annelida: “Polychaeta”) from North America. Zootaxa 3498: 81-86.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Sapling growth responses to warmer temperatures ‘cooled’ by browse pressure. Global Change Biology 18: 3455-3463.

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Frelich, L.E., R.O. Peterson, M. Dovciak, P.B. Reich, J.A. Vucetich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2012. Trophic cascades, invasive species, and body-size hierarchies interactively modulate climate change responses of ecotonal temperate-boreal forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society-B 367: 2955-2961.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Leaf litter disappearance in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of tree species and the chemistry and diversity of litter. Ecosystems 15: 913-926.

Reich, P.B., L.E. Frelich, R. Voldseth, P. Bakken, and C. Adair. 2012. Understory diversity in boreal forests is regulated by productivity and its indirect impacts on resource availability and heterogeneity. Journal of Ecology,100: 539-545.

Eisenhauer, N., N.A. Fisichelli, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Interactive effects of global warming and ‘global worming’ on the germination of native and exotic herbaceous plant species. Oikos 121: 1121-1133.

Eisenhauer, N., J. Schlaghamersky, P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. The wave towards a new steady state: effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial functions. Biological Invasions 13: 2191-2196.

Li, G. Y. Liu, L.E. Frelich and S. Sun. 2011. Experimental warming induces degradation of a Tibetan alpine meadow through trophic interactions. Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-667.

Sun, S. and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Flowering phenology and height growth patterns are associated with maximum plant height, relative growth rate, and stem tissue mass density in herbaceous grassland species. Journal of Ecology 99: 991-1000.

Salk, T.A., L.E. Frelich, S.Sugita, R. Montgomery, R. Calcote and J.B. Ferrari. 2011. Poor recruitment is changing the structure and species composition of an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1998-2006.

Carlson, D.J., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Fine-scale heterogeneity in overstory composition contributes to heterogeneity of wildfire severity in southern boreal forest. Journal of Forest Research 16: 203-214.

Danz, N.P., P.B. Reich,. L.E. Frelich, and G.J. Niemi. 2011. Vegetation controls vary across space and spatial scale in a historic grassland-forest biome boundary. Ecography 32: 402-414.

McGraw, A.M., R. Moen, G. Wilson, A. Edwards, R. Peterson, L. Cornicelli, M. Schrage, L. Frelich, M. Lenarz, and D. Becker. 2010. An Advisory committee process to plan moose management in Minnesota. Alces 46: 189-200.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2010. Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America? Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 8: 371-378. DOI: 10.1890/080191.

Heimpel, G.E., L.E. Frelich, D.A. Landis, K.R. Hopper, K. Hoelmer, Z. Sezen, M.K. Asplen, and K. Wu. 2010. European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as part of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America. Biological Invasions 12: 2913-2931.

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Larson, E., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, C.M. Hale, and K. Kipfmueller. 2010. Tree rings detect earthworm invasions and their effects in northern hardwood forests. Biological Invasions 12: 1053-1066.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and M.E. Bauer. 2009. Coupling high-resolution satellite imagery and field data to predict forest blowdown across a gradient of disturbance severity. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 299-308.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2009. Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2556-2568.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2009. Wilderness conservation in an era of global warming and invasive species: a case study from Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Natural Areas Journal 29: 385-393.

Galatowitsch, S., Frelich, L.E., and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in a midcontinental region of North America. Biological Conservation 142: 2012-2022.

Holdsworth, A., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Litter decomposition in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of invasion degree and litter chemistry. Ecoscience 15: 536-544.

Benedict, M.A., and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Site factors and black ash tree-ring growth in northern Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management 255:3489-3493.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2008. Frost crack incidence in northern hardwood forests of the southern boreal north temperate transition zone. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25:133-138.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and John Pastor. 2008. Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability, and native plants: a mesocosm study. Oecologia 155: 509-518.

Peck, J.E., H.M. Hoganson, P.S. Muir, A.R. Ek, and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Using Inventory Projections to evaluate management options for the nontimber forest product of epiphytic moss. Forest Science 54: 185-194.

Peck, J.E. and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Moss harvest truncates the successional development of epiphytic bryophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications, 18: 146-158.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age. Journal of Ecology, 95: 1261-1273.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology, 21: 997-1008.

Holdsworth, A.R., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2007. Regional extent of an ecosystem engineer: earthworm invasion in northern hardwood forests. Ecological Applications, 17:1666-1677.

Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Changes in cold-temperate forest understory plant communities in response to invasion by European earthworms. Ecology 87: 1637-1649.

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Frelich, L.E., C.M. Hale, S. Scheu, A.Holdsworth, L.Heneghan, P.J. Bohlen, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. Biological invasions 8: 1235-1245.

Frelich, L.E., M.W. Cornett, and M.A. White. 2005. Controls and reference conditions in forestry: The role of old growth and retrospective studies. Journal of Forestry: 103, 339-344.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecosystems 8: 911-927.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecological Applications 15: 848-860.

Dovciak, M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2005. Pathways in old field succession to white pine: seed rain, shade and climate effects. Ecological Monographs 75:363-378.

Weyenberg, S.A, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2004. Logging versus fire: how does disturbance type influence the abundance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) regeneration? Silva Fennica 38:179-194.

Mehta, S., L. E. Frelich, M. T. Jones, and J. Manolis. 2004 . Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS. Ecological Modelling 180: 73-87.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2004. Allometric equations for estimation of ash-free dry mass from length measurements for selected European earthworm species (Lumbricidae) in the western Great Lakes region. American Midland Naturalist: 151(1): 179-185.

Dovciak, M., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2003. Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine regeneration and recruitment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33:1892-1904.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2003. Perspectives on development of definitions and values related to old-growth forests. Environmental Reviews 11: S9-S22.

Frelich, L.E., J-L. Machado, and P.B. Reich. 2003. Fine-scale environmental variation and structure of understorey plant communities in two old-growth pine forests. Journal of Ecology 91: 283-293.

Freidman, S.K., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Multiple scale composition and spatial patterns of the northeastern Minnesota presettlement forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 538-554.

Reich, P.B., P.Bakken, D.Carlson, L.E. Frelich, S.K. Friedman, and D. Grigal. 2001. Influence of logging and fire on boreal forest biodiversity and productivity. Ecology 82: 2731-2748.

Dovciak, M., L.E. Frelich, & P.B. Reich. 2001. Discordance in spatial patterns of white pine (Pinus strobus) size-classes in a patchy near-boreal forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 280-291.

Cornett, M.W., K.J. Puettmann, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2001. Comparing the importance of seedbed and canopy type in the restoration of upland Thuja occidentalis forests of northeastern Minnesota. Restoration Ecology, 9: 386-396.

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Cornett, M.W., P.B. Reich, K.J. Puettmann, and L.E. Frelich. 2000. Seedbed and moisture availability determine safe sites for early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) regeneration. American Journal of Botany, 87: 1807-1814.

Cornett, M.W., L.E. Frelich, K.J. Puettmann, and P.B. Reich. 2000. Conservation implications of browsing by Odcoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biological Conservation 93: 359-369.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity and community stability in forests. Ecosystems 2: 151-166.

Romme, W., E.H. Everham, L.E. Frelich, M.A. Moritz, and R.E. Sparks. 1999. Are large infrequent disturbances qualitatively different from small frequent disturbances? Ecosystems 1: 524-534.

Frelich, L.E., and P.B. Reich. 1998. Disturbance severity and threshold responses in the boreal forest. Conservation Ecology [aka Ecology and Society, online]2(2):7. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/art7/

Augustine, D., L.E. Frelich and P.A. Jordan. 1998. Evidence for development of alternative communities in an ungulate grazing system. Ecological Applications 8: 1260-1269.

Augustine, D., and L.E. Frelich. 1998. White-tailed deer impacts on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests. Conservation Biology 12: 995-1004.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich, S. Sugita, M.B. Davis, and S.K. Friedman. 1998. Neighborhood effects in forests: Implications for within stand patch structure and management. Journal of Ecology: 86: 149-162.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1998. A structural alternative to chronosequence analysis for uneven-aged northern hardwood forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 6: 347-366.

Tester, J., A. Starfield, and L.E. Frelich. 1997. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests. Biological Conservation 80: 313-324.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the Western Great Lakes Region. Ecoscience 2: 148-158.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest. Ecological Monographs 65:325-346.

Frelich, L.E. 1995. Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement. Natural Areas Journal 15: 157-167.

Frelich, L.E., and L.J. Graumlich. 1994. Age class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:1939-1947.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1994. Disturbance and eastern old growth. Journal of Forestry 92:33-38.

Frelich, L.E., R.R. Calcote, M.B. Davis and J. Pastor. 1993. Patch formation and maintenance in an old growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Ecology 74: 513-527.

Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1992. Forest-tree growth rates and probability of gap origin--a reply to Clark. Ecology 73: 1124-1128.

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Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. A simulation of landscape dynamics in old-growth northern hardwood forests. Journal of Ecology 79: 223-233.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region. Ecological Monographs 61:145-164.

Bockheim, J.G., J.E. Leide, and L.E. Frelich. 1989. Red pine growth and chemical composition of foliage and forest floors across a precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:1543-1549.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1989. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:651-663.

Frelich, L.E., J.G. Bockheim and J.E. Leide. 1989. Historical trends in tree-ring growth and chemistry across an air-quality gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:113-121

Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1988. Estimating gap origin probabilities for canopy trees. Ecology 69:778-785.

Frelich, L.E. and G.L. Martin. 1988. Effects of crown expansion into gaps on evaluation of disturbance intensity in northern hardwood forests. Forest Science 34:530-536.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1985. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA. Biological Conservation 34:99-120.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1984. A simulation of equilibrium diameter distributions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 111:193-199.

Manuscripts—submitted and planned submission in near future Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. How do multiple disturbances shape the diversity-

severity relationship in recently disturbed boreal forests? Oikos, submitted.

Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich Interactions between seasonal timing of fire and fire severity create alternate successional pathways in the southern boreal forest. Planned submission: Fire Ecology.

Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Rapid shifts in community composition and strong successional convergence following multiple disturbances in the southern boreal forest. Planned submission: Ecography.

Frelich, L.E., B. Blossey, E.K. Cameron, A. Davalos, N. Eisenahuer, T. Fahey, P. Groffman, E. Larson, S. Loss, J. Maerz, V. Nuzzo, P.B. Reich, K. Yoo. Side swiped: ecological cascades emanating from earthworm invasion. Planned submission: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

Frelich, L.E., J.A. Stanturf, Kristi Parro, Endijs Baders, Kalev Jõgiste. 2017. Chapter 2: Natural disturbances and forest management: interacting patterns on the landscape. In, Perera, A.H., Peterson, U., Pastur, G., Iverson, L.R., Editors, Sustaining ecosystem services in

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temperate forest landscapes, New York: Springer.

Jõgiste, K., H. Korjus, Nigul, K., J.A. Stanturf, L.E. Frelich, T. Maaten, J. Donis, A. Kangur, K. Köster, V. Marozas, T. Meikar, M. Metslaid, T. Randveer, F. Vodde, A. Jansons, E. Baders. Hemi-boreal forest: disturbances and the importance of legacies. Submitted, Ecosphere.

Larson, E.R., K.F. Kipfmueller and L.E. Frelich. The Relative Importance of Climate, Disturbance, and Fire Suppression in Driving Patterns of Succession in Whitebark Pine Communities. Planned submission: Ecological Monographs.

Larson, E.R., T. Wilding, R.M. Hueffmeier, K.F. Kipfmueller, C.M. Hale, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Invasive earthworms reduce productivity and amplify drought sensitivity in sugar maple trees of the Great Lakes region. Planned submission: Plos One.

Ojanen, P. and L.E. Frelich. Earthworm invasion and alternate understory plant communities in northern hardwood forests. Planned submission, Natural Areas Journal.

Rich, R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Successional patterns influenced by large-scale blowdown in the southern boreal forest. Planned submission: Ecography.

Roth, A.M., A. G. Lodge, T.J.S. Whitfeld, L. E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Inter trophic co-facilitation increases the success of invasive earthworms and common buckthorn in North American temperate forests.

Roth, A.M., A. G. Lodge, T.J.S. Whitfeld, L. E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. A scientific approach to restoration: effects of three buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) removal techniques on the regeneration of understory vegetation.

Books and book chapters

Frelich, L.E., R. Montgomery, and J. Oleksyn. 2015. Northern Temperate Forest. Chapter 3, pages 30-45, In, K. Peh, R. Corlett and Y. Bergeron, Editors. Handbook of Forest Ecology, Routledge Press.

Montgomery, R. and L.E. Frelich. 2015. Forest succession and gap dynamics. Chapter 10, pages 141-153, In, K. Peh, R. Corlett and Y. Bergeron, Editors. Handbook of Forest Ecology, Routledge Press.

Frelich, L.E. et al. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. Pages 35-45 in: P.F. Hendrix, Editor, Biological invasions belowground: earthworms as invasive species. Springer, The Netherlands.

Frelich, L.E. 2002. Forest Dynamics and disturbance regimes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2002. Dynamics of old-growth oak forests. Pages 113-126 in, W.J. McShea and W.H. Healy, editors: The ecology and management of oaks for wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

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Frelich, L.E. and K. Puettmann. 1999. Restoration Ecology. Pages 498-524 in, M.L Hunter, Jr., Editor, Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1996. Old growth in the Great Lakes Region. Chapter 11, pages 144-160, in Mary B. Davis, editor: Eastern Old Growth. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, J.B. Ferrari, and L.E. Frelich (Peer reviewed). 1994. Historical Development of alternate communities in a hemlock-hardwood forest in Michigan, USA. Pages 19-39 In: Large-scale Ecology and Conservation Biology. R.May, N.Webb, and P.Edwards, Editors. Blackwell, Oxford, England.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, and L.E. Frelich. 1992. Effects of invasion by Tsuga Canadensis on a North American forest ecosystem. Pages 34-44 In: A. Teller, P.Mathy and J.N.R. Jeffers, Editors. Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, New York, USA.

Book reviews and Post-publication peer reviews Frelich, L.E. 2010-2016. Faculty of 1000, 46 reviews published to date. Frelich, L.E. 2012. Disturbance at the center of ecology and human lives, book Review of “The

biology of disturbed habitats”, by Lawrence R. Walker, Oxford University Press, 2012. Bioscience 62: 924-925.

Frelich, L.E. 2009. Book review of “The vanishing present: Wisconsin’s changing lands, water, and wildlife”. Edited by D.M. Waller and T.P. Rooney. University of Chicago Press. The Quarterly Review of Biology 84: 293.

Frelich, L.E. 1996. Book review of “The Ecology of Fire”, by R.J. Whelan. Ecoscience 3:244-245.

Research reports, news articles, staff papers, environmental impact statements, etc. (including selected popular articles, 17 additional items not listed here). Frelich, L.E. 2016. Trees of Loring Park: Climate change, tree ranges, and neonative species.

Friends of Loring Park Newsletter 19-2. Frelich L.E. 2016. Trees of Loring Park: Swamp white oak. Friends of Loring Park Newsletter

19-1. Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich, and D.W. Peterson. 2015. Fire in upper Midwestern oak forest

ecosystems: an oak forest restoration and management handbook. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-914.

Frelich, L.E. 2015. Clean energy opportunity. Op-ed, St.Paul Pioneer Press, 9-8-2015. Frelich L.E. 2015. What will happen to our boreal forests? Peninsula Pulse, Door County WI.

July 17, 1015.

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Frelich L.E. 2015. Trees of Loring Park: The Big Woods. Friends of Loring Park Newsletter 18-2.

Frelich, L.E. 2014. How to become a forest ecologist in only 40 years. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 95: 207-210.

Frelich, L.E. 2014. Understanding our changing forests. Minnesota, 113(4), 24-25. Frelich L.E. 2013. The roots of storm damage. Friends of Loring Park Newsletter 16-2. Frelich, L.E. and A.R. Ek, J.N. Zobel, and K.M. Paige. 2012. Forest wildlife habitat description

and data for Minnesota species. Staff Paper Series No. 219. Department of Forest Resources, St.Paul, MN.

Bragg, D.C., Frelich, L.E., R.T. Leverett, W. Blozan and D.J. Luthringer. 2011. The sine method: an alternative height measurement technique. USDA Forest Service Research Note SRS-22.

Moen, R., R.A. Peterson, S. Windels, L.E. Frelich, and D.R. Becker, M. Johnson. 2011. Minnesota moose status: progress on Moose Advisory Committee recommendations. NRRI Technical Report NRRI/TR 2011-41.

Frelich, L.E. 2010. Trees of Loring Park: Native oak Savannah. Friends of Loring Park Newsletter 13-3.

Galatowitsch, S., L.E. Frelich and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Coping with climate change: conservation planning in Minnesota. CURA Reporter 39:3-10. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Frelich, L.E. 2008. Bicknell’s Geranium. Minnesota Conservation Volunteer 71, No. 418, 72-73. Kilgore, M.A, A.R. EK, K.A. Buhr, L.E. Frelich, J.M. Hanowski, C.M. Hibbard, A.O. Finley,

L.C. Rathbun, N.P. Danz, J.W. Lind, and G.J. Niemi. 2005. Minnesota timber harvesting GEIS: An assessment of the first 10 years. Staff Paper Series No. 182. University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources.

Superior National Forest, USDA, Forest Service. 2001. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Fuel Treatments. Frelich wrote much of the Vegetation section of the EIS as a subcontractor with Foster-Wheeler Environmental, Inc.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2001. Fire ecology, Forest, boreal, and Forest, temperate (3 articles). Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

Reich, P.B. and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Temperate deciduous forests. Encyclopedia of Global Change. Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

Frelich, L.E. 2000. A preliminary ecological assessment of the July 4th blowdown in the BWCAW. A background paper for the USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Range of variability in forest structure for the Northern Superior Uplands. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior National Forest, Minnesota.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Natural variability of forested ecosystems in northern Minnesota. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior and Chippewa National Forests, Minnesota.

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White Pine Regeneration Strategies Work Group. 1996. Minnesota’s White Pine--Now and for the Future. A Report to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (Written by a group of 14, including L.E. Frelich).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1994. Generic Environmental Impact Statement study on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 500+ pages. (L.E. Frelich co-authored the document as part of the 4-member GEIS core group. The document was peer reviewed).

Frelich, L.E. 1993. Fire policy in the BWCAW: discussion of some ecological issues. BWCA Wilderness News, Autumn 1993: 6-7.

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992a. Forest Wildlife: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 210 pp. (L.E. Frelich provided technical editing and co-authored the document as part of a 5-member study team, document was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992b. Biodiversity: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 111 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document which was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992c. Global Atmospheric Change: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 30 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document).

Frelich, L.E. 1992. Predicting dimensional relationships for Twin Cities shade trees. Miscellaneous publication of the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources.

Frelich, L.E. 1992. The relationship of natural disturbances to white pine stand development. Pages 27-37 In: White Pine Symposium Proceedings: History, Ecology, Policy and Management. Eds. R. A. Stine and M.J. Baughman. St Paul, MN: Department of Forest Resources, College of Natural Resources and Minnesota Extension Service.

Phillips, M. (Editor). 1991. Carbon dioxide budgets in Minnesota and recommendations on reducing net emissions with trees. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, St.Paul, MN, USA. 89 pages. (L.E. Frelich contributed about 12 pages of material on carbons pools of Minnesota and carbon fixation over time by shade trees and forest plantation).

Frelich, L.E. 1979. Vascular plants of Newport State Park, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Report 100. 34 pp.

REFERENCES Edward A. Johnson. Professor and Director, Kananaskis Field Stations. Department of Biology,

University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. 403-220-3570/220-7635. E-mail: [email protected]

Craig G. Lorimer. Professor. Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706. 608-262-6187. E-mail: [email protected]

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Peter B. Reich. Regents Professor and Hubachek Chair in Forest Ecology. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota-St.Paul, MN 55108. 612-624-4270. E-mail: [email protected].