LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies —Banco Mundial / IFC —Universidade de Sao Paulo / USP —AES Eletropaulo LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
—Banco Mundial / IFC
—Universidade de Sao Paulo / USP
—AES Eletropaulo
LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
BANCO MUNDIAL / IFC
Luiz A. T. Maurer
Megan Mayer
LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO / USP
Enea Neri
Paulo Strazzi
LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
AES ELETROPAULO
Fernando Bacellar
LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies
International – Case Studies
Dr Peter Curley
Eg. Los Angeles, Birmingham, Gloucestershire Council (UK)
London, Dubai / Abu Dhabi event findings
International – Case Studies
China / USA: History of early LED failures due to early to market low quality products
Hong Kong: A 2-3 yr service cycle / strong public opinion / extreme weather issues
Australia: Reduced lighting specification weakened business case
Dubai: Concerns of high Wattage LED operation in high temperatures.
Canada: Large contracts requires multiple suppliers drive standardisation
USA / CEE: Asset ownership of lighting utilities may have limited incentive to change
Eg. Spare capacity at night used for lighting, limited incentive to be more energy efficient.
Uni Kingdom: In England: (5yr payback schemes) vrs Scotland (8yr payback schemes)PLG – Aligning schemes of funding, and giving support to develop business cases.
Brazil: Transfer of asset ownership and operational responsibility
LED Consultation: Examples of Regional issues
USA - Resource Knowledge Base:
Department of Energy
LED Street Lighting – North America
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/factsheets.html
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/consortium.html
Fact Sheets / Case Studies
Municipal Solid State Street Lighting Consortium
Case Study: Los Angeles
Underlying Goals
• To improve quality of light
• To convert 140,000 out of 210,000 streetlights to LED:
• Total cost : USD 57 million (loan USD 40 million)
• Expected payback – 7 years
• To reduce energy consumption by 60%
• Energy Savings : USD 7.5 million/year & 68,000 MWh/year
• Maintenance Savings : USD 2.5 million/year
• To reduce 40,500 tons of CO2/year
• To install Remote Monitoring System
• To add dimming capability
Refs: Leotek and Dept of Public Works (LA) https://www.mwcog.org/environment/streetlights/downloads/CCI%20Case%20Study%20Los%20Angeles%20LED%20Retrofit.pdf
Early Case Study
Progress Updates
Case Study: Los Angeles
Ref: http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2013/01/25/los-angeles-saves-millions-with-led-street-light-deployment/
City Achievements
LED Installations: ……………… 110,000Range of LED Wattages/Sizes.
Color Temperature:…………..… 4000K
Warranty:………………………... 6 years
Lumen Maintenance:……………70% at 50k hrs
Energy Saving Target:…………..>40-45%
Operating temperature………….-20 ~ +50℃Min. CRI…………………………..65
Luminaire weight (incl. driver)….<12kg*
Luminaire efficacy ………………68 lm/W min*.
Etc…
http://bsl.lacity.org/led-contractors-vendors.html
http://bsl.lacity.org/downloads/led/municipalities-utilities/LED_General_Specs_main.htm
*HPS 400W equivalent as of Mar 2012
LED summary
Los Angeles – Quick References:
Refs: Leotek and Dept of Public Works (LA)
Case Study: Los Angeles
Ref: http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2013/01/25/los-angeles-saves-millions-with-led-street-light-deployment/
Los Angeles Saves Millions With LED Street Light Deployment
‘Trust but Verify’Not all claims manufacturers make are true
Reality versus TheoryThe change from HPS to white light with LEDs is being perceived
as a significant increase in lighting levels
Energy Savings are RealAs LEDs improve, and the manufacturers develop the technology,
the energy savings are being realized and continue to increase.
Improved VisibilityThe change from HPS to white light has improved visibility as
noticed by residents and encouraged by the Police Department.
European Union
—Set targets to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2020.
—90 million traditional streetlights in Europe
—75% are over 25 years old
UK Street Lighting:
—7.4 million streetlights in the UK
—Streetlights currently emit 1.3m tonnes of CO2*
—Less than 10% are using low energy LED
—30% of a local authority’s energy bill is for street lighting
—50-80% energy savings are possible for each authority
—£200m annual energy cost saving possible
—Finance models exist – self-funding, PPPs, ESCOs and leasing.
Street Lighting - UK
LED Adoption
Growing list of
Cities:
Birmingham
Sheffield
Glasgow
Edinburgh
Manchester
Liverpool* ~(> ½ m cars)
Case Study: Birmingham (UK)
Birmingham is the UKs second largest city with a population of
1.1m. The local council has one of the largest annual budgets
in the whole of Europe.
95,107 street luminaires to be replaced. 50% of these in the
first 5 year core investment period.
LED upgrade forms part of a much larger highways and
maintenance contract, costing £2.7bn and operating over 25yrs
Funded by a PPP, with Amey UK as the service provider.
Ref: Amey UK – Eurocities presentation – Feb 2014
“ In the UK we are starting to see the ‘domino’ effect
with more and more councils looking at LEDs ”
Case Study: Birmingham (UK)
Wireless Centralised Management System (CMS) adopted.
— Operators use controls to adjust lighting levels remotely in real time via wireless, according to what
is happening in the surrounding area.
Achieving savings of 50% in energy efficiency and cost (~£2m / yr) through:
— Increased optical output control
— Ability to dim street lights (with scope for additional dimming)
— Increased lighting reliability and reduced maintenance costs.
Light directionality provides more uniform lighting appearance
— Improving visibility
— Reduced sky glow
— Increased community safety – road users, pedestrians, cyclists etc.Ref: Amey UK – Eurocities presentation – Feb 2014
With 60,000 street lights consuming 20.5 GWh of electricity annually at a cost of £2m, and
makes up 53% of the county estate CO2 footprint.
— The Council adopted a Carbon Reduction target, 60% by 2020/21.
— Electricity costs are rising sharply, (57% of service spend).
— Initial energy efficiency projects - (dimming main roads, rural part-night lighting, some LEDs)
— Further energy reduction requires significant investment.
Not replacing the street lights would lead to an unsustainable, declining lighting service.
— Increased litigation risk from road and community safety impacts.
— Reputation impacts.
— Risk to night-time economy.
— Increasing liability under the Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme, Phase 2
onwards (April 2014), and inability to meet CO2 reduction target.
Case Study: Gloucestershire (UK)
http://www.gltb.org.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=55004&p=0
Gloucestershire has been dimming lights on main roads and implemented partial night
lighting. Exploring LED benefits:
— Up to 50% reduction in energy usage (Currently 20.5 GWh / yr).
— Allow dimming to any level of light output with a corresponding decrease in energy use.
— Low maintenance’ and 'Fewer faults‘ - 70% reduction in street light lamp maintenance costs‘.
— Better quality of light.
— Reduced light pollution.
July 2014: Gloucestershire County Council is adopting energy efficient LED street lighting.
— Gloucestershire will spend £21 million on replacing street lights over the next five years.
— Seeking contractor to take on the street light replacement and maintenance project worth £32 million
over a maximum of 12 years.
— County council believes making the change will help save £17 million over the next 25 years.
Case Study: Gloucestershire (UK) – LED Adoption
http://www.gloucestershireecho.co.uk/Replacing-Gloucestershire-s-street-lights-LEDs/story-21747895-detail/story.html
April 29th London - Convened 35 key representatives from city councils, service providers, trade
associations, financing organisations and government agencies in central London.
Recognised the need for better centralised advice and guidance for councils
— Support to move forward, checklists, guidance on scope, LEDs, CMS, Smart etc.
— Cities need advice on ideal structuring of finance options / building an internal business case.
Driving better co-ordination within and between neighbouring councils / cities
— Seeking more collaborations to avoid duplication of trials / testing effort.
— Opportunity to negotiate with lighting suppliers and service providers together.
Call for central support for project development
— Higher prioritisation of energy efficient lighting at the government level.
— Policy and incentives promotion within the UK Parliamentary Lighting Group / GIB / SFT.
— Early support for cities to bring in finance/technical consultants to help frame local business case.
— GIB and SFTs call for a centralised resource to help councils move forward.
Consultation: London Event Summary
GIB: Green Investm. Bank
SFT: Scottish Futures Trust
May 29 in Dubai, with the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy (DSCE). Convened 30+
representatives from Dubai municipality, government agencies, product, service, and finance providers.
Focus on addressing LED capability to work at high Wattages in the extreme heat.
— A fundamental remaining barrier to uptake in Dubai and the Middle East.
Understanding how LED lighting fits into the broader city strategy for Dubai.
— Presentations on ‘Demand Side Management Strategy for Dubai’, by the DSCE, the RTA and the
Dubai Municipality.
Presenting solutions, case studies and results from other cities
— Presentations on the principles of LED operation and heat management for LEDs used in the
extreme environments.
— Covered scenarios and specifications for LEDs working reliably in extreme temperatures.
Presented locally applicable Finance Models and business case studies
Consultation: Dubai Event
COFFEE BREAK
COFFEE BREAK
Group Discussion – Workshop. LED Technology
Introduction: The Climate Group
Dr Peter Curley
Group Discussion - Workshop
LEDs – Some Basics
Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014
Light emitted
LED Systems
Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014
LED
Package
LED System Reliability
System Reliability
Lumen maintenance projection Reliability of components
Driver:
• Quality Components
• Electrical surges
• Moisture
Useful lifetime of
LED
light sources
Luminaire
lifetime
• Thermal design, quality of
components, power surges,
moisture infiltration, etc..
• Ambient, internal operating
temperatures, drive currentHousing:• Heat sink - LED temperature
• Ingress protection
• Vibrations
Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014
LEDs: White Light – Colour Temperature
Warm
white
Neutral
white
Cool
White
Color temperature
(CCT) / Kelvin2670 - 3500 4500 - 3500
4500 –
10000
Color rendering
index CRI90+ 70 70
Efficacy
[lm/W]>110 >120 > 130
Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014 and LEDinsider
For discussion
Examples – Examples of Lumen Depreciation
Ref: LEDsmagazine
Ref: fkk.ru
Helping to Frame LED options
Residential >
City centre
Main Hubs >
Residential >
FROM LED EFFICIENCY ONLY – ON/OFF CONTROLS
‘INTELLIGENT’ LUMINAIRES – BENEFITS FROM
OPTIMISED LED TRIMMING, WITH FIXED ON/OFF TIMERS
AND DIMMERS, NO CENTRALISED CONTROLS
CORE ENERGY SAVINGSEXAMPLE ENERGY
SAVINGS
SMART CONTROLS / FUTURE PROOFING
CENTRAL CITY ‘WIRELESS’ CONTROLS: FLEXIBLE
DIMMING STRATEGIES, PERFORMANCE MONITORING
AND LINKS TO OTHER EXTERNAL CITY SERVICES
ADDITIONAL SERVICES POSSIBLE WITH LIGHTS LINKED
TO TRAFFIC / PUBLIC SENSORS / WEATHER, ETC.
(MANY FUTURE SERVICES STILL UNDEFINED)
LED LUMINAIRES /
LIGHTING
LED LUMINAIRES /
WITH INBUILT DIMMERS
AND TIMERS
LED LUMINAIRES /
WITH CENTRALISED
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
LED LUMINAIRES /
INTEGRATED IN SMART
CITY SERVICES
NETWORK
MINIMAL
ADDITIONAL
ENERGY SAVINGS
Consultation: Centralised Management and ‘Smart’ Technologies
Centralised Management Systems:
• Allow rescheduling of lighting services
• Adjust dimming / trimming
• Monitor energy savings, failures, maintenance
• Can link to other city services
• Future links to ‘Smart’ city concepts
Where are motion sensitive on/off ‘smart’ LED
luminaires really needed ?
Could pre-set ‘intelligent’ LEDs be sufficient for
many residential areas ?
“In residential areas…‘we simply need
the lights to go on and off’ and save
energy….”
CENTRALISED
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CMS
STREET LIGHTING
SMART motion and light
sensors could be installed
where appropriate
PEDESTRIAN
MONITORINGCCTV
SECURITY
MONITORING
WEATHER
SENSORS
RADIATION
MONITORING
SMOKE / FIRE
SENSORS
TRAFFIC FLOW
MONITORING
EVENT
RESPONSE
EMERGENCIES
POLLUTION
MONITORING
OTHER Eg.
GUNSHOT
TRIANGULATION
Consultation: Demonstrating potential energy saving
DOE(link)
Examples of LED
roll-out are growing
Real world data
demonstrating
actual energy savings and
full potential of LEDs
On/Off Smart
Sensor Solution[Not widely applicable in cities
but significant savings
are possible]
Broadly applicable LED
example for cities
[ Energy Use = Areas under the curves ]
LED Consultation: Socio Economic Benefits
Where possible these should be monetized in the LED business case.
‘Well Being’ and Visual Benefits
— Pride: Street lighting is believed to increasing community pride and informal social control
— Mood / Colour lighting: Colour, direction of the lighting can be used to create new ‘atmospheres’
Road / Area Safety
— Reduced traffic accidents, increased personal safety and perception of safety.
— Reduced crime and fear of crime against persons, property, cars. Improved identification on CCTV
Health / Environmental Benefits
— Public health: Reduced night light pollution can be linked to lower cancer rates.
— Healthy ecosystem: Reduced light pollution decreases effects on ecosystems /ecological processes.
— Night Sky: Directionality of LEDs helps reduce night-sky light pollution.
— Environmental: Improved Materials Use, Waste and Recycling / Life cycle
Public Behaviour
— Lighting ‘node’ points around the city areas can increase social interaction at dawn and night times.
— Improved lighting can enhance existing city business and entertainment areas.
— Out- and Indoor lighting can attract new customers for example at retail locations
Economic: Increasing Business (GDP) - ‘The way people operate their business’
— Growth: Attractive, modernised and smart cities can attract new investment
— Product / Store / Business areas: Enhanced colour rendering properties of LEDs, increase the
appeal of city areas, displays, signs
— Better working environment: eg. enhanced environment for outdoor workers, at ports, retail parks,
distribution centres, airports, railway stations etc…
— Flexibility dimming can link to worker hours to optimise the illumination eg. during periods of
increased work activity, and also for police/rescue services at accident / control sites.
— Smart controls/systems transform low skill employees to technology affiliated employees
LED Consultation: Socio Economic Benefits
LED Consultation: Public health concerns, remaining myths
Range of reports
available covering the
use of LEDs, and the
health impacts
DOE(USA): LED products are
no more hazardous than other
lighting technologies that have
the same CCT.
Trafford UK: …the proposed LED Street
Lighting Programme has overall no (neutral)
or a minor positive health and well-being
impact …..compared to the existing type of
street lights being used.
INMETRO
PRESENTATION ON STANDARDS
Speaker: Standards and warranties
— LED Performance: Efficiency, future trends, lumen depreciation…..
— Project selection: Retrofit / Replacement / System Upgrade
— Centralised Management Systems
— Intelligent and Smart technologies
Workshop – Discussion Areas
Discussion
LED Technology
Workshop Discussion – LED Technology
Group Discussion: Business Cases and Financing
—SP Negócios / Prefeitura de Sao Paulo
—Banco Mundial / IFC
—Desenvolve SP / Agência de Desenvolvimento Paulista
Group Discussion
SP NEGÓCIOS – PREFEITURA DE SÃO PAULO
Marco Aurélio Barcelos da Silva
[Speech]
Presentation
World Bank / IFC
Luiz A. T. Maurer
Megan Mayer
Presentation
DESENVOLVE SP / AGÊNCIA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PAULISTA
Billy Rod Guimarães
Presentation
Group Discussion – Workshop : Business Cases and Financing
Group Discussion - Workshop
Need for initial finance to cover up-front installation and project development costs has been a major
barrier, particularly given pressures on local finances.
The nature and size of funding is heavily dependent on type of scheme undertaken:
Barriers and solutions can often be specific to the type of scheme selected
Risk allocations can be tailored to suit the requirements and individual situations of local authorities
Key lessons on project development and specification, risk transfer, and making best use of all
finance sources can be learned from international ‘early adopters’
Background to Financial Barriers
Eg*. $2m Eg*. $5-10m Eg*. $50m+
*Not limited: For guidance only
Reduced costs for LEDs, improving
performance and rising energy prices
have significantly enhanced the
economics of installing LED lighting
— Typical ‘pay-back’ periods range from
5-15 years
— Length and extent of guarantees has
strengthened
When combined with environmental and
social benefits, a boom in LED take-up
has been expected for some time.
Background to Financial Barriers
Break Even
Initial Fixture Cost
Energy Costs
Replacement and
Maintenance Costs
LED
Savings
LED
Source
Operating Time
Traditional HID source
TO
TA
L C
OS
T
Conclusions / Next Steps / Final Remarks
Conclusions and next steps
Conclusions / Next Steps / Final Remarks
Summary
For further information please contact:
Dr Ben Ferrari, Climate Group;
Email: [email protected]
Dr Peter Curley, Climate Group
Email: [email protected]
Aline Cardoso Barabinot
Email: [email protected]
Bruna Guerrieri, Orbiz
Email: [email protected]