Variations of the volume tra Variations of the volume tra nsport and vertical current nsport and vertical current structure in relation to the structure in relation to the path of the Kuroshio path of the Kuroshio Lecturer: Chia-Ping Chiang Lecturer: Chia-Ping Chiang Data: March/19/2009 Data: March/19/2009
Variations of the volume transport and vertical current structure in relation to the path of the Kuroshio. Lecturer: Chia-Ping Chiang Data: March/19/2009. Typical path of the Kuroshio. Large meander (LM) path Nonlarge meander (NLM) path - nearshore (nNLM) - offshore (oNLM) 6: Uragami - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Variations of the volume transport and Variations of the volume transport and vertical current structure in relation to vertical current structure in relation to the path of the Kuroshiothe path of the Kuroshio
Kawabe M. (2005), Kawabe M. (2005), Journal of Oceanography.
Occurrence of Typical pathsOccurrence of Typical paths
Path Type Time of Occurence
NLM (Non-Large Meander)
October 1963 - 7 August 1975 9 August 1980 – September 1981
LM(Large Meander)
10 July 1953 - December 1955 22 May 1959 - January 1963 8 August 1975 - 15 March 1980 October 1981 - May 1984 November 1986 - July 1988 October 1989 - January 1991 May 2004 – July 2004
MD(Meander-Damping)
January - May 1956 January – July 1963 16 March - 8 August 1980
Kawabe M. (1985),Kawabe M. (1985), Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan.
Kawabe M. (1995), Kawabe M. (1995), Journal of Physical Oceanography.
Cycle of the three typical pathsCycle of the three typical paths
Kawabe M. (1995), Kawabe M. (1995), Journal of Physical Oceanography.
Model Description ~ Model Description ~ DuDuo-grids o-grids PPacific acific OOcean cean MModelodel (DUPOM)(DUPOM)
Model Domain:Model Domain: NPB (NPB (NNorth orth PPacific acific BBasin) Domain ~ From 3asin) Domain ~ From 3
0°S to 60°N and from 150°E to 80°W with a 0°S to 60°N and from 150°E to 80°W with a grid resolution of grid resolution of 1/4°1/4°..
TAI Domain ~ From 0° to 50°N and from 100TAI Domain ~ From 0° to 50°N and from 100°E to 150°E with a grid resolution of °E to 150°E with a grid resolution of 1/8°1/8°..
Both grids share the same vertical grid.Both grids share the same vertical grid. Varying latitudeVarying latitude and and uniform longitudeuniform longitude grid grid
(Mercator grid).(Mercator grid).
Bathymetry:Bathymetry: Interpolated from unfiltered ETOPO2 depth dInterpolated from unfiltered ETOPO2 depth d
ata ata Supplemented with NCOR’s 1-minute high acSupplemented with NCOR’s 1-minute high ac
Based on the 4Based on the 4thth order accurate, collocated order accurate, collocated Arakawa “a” grid DieCAST (Arakawa “a” grid DieCAST (DieDietrich/trich/CCeenter for nter for AAir ir SSea ea TTechnology) model.echnology) model.
The control volume equations include The control volume equations include fluxes of the conservation of fluxes of the conservation of momentummomentum, , heatheat and and saltsalt across control volume faces. across control volume faces.
Surface wind forcing:Surface wind forcing: Use interpolated monthly Hellerman and Rosentstein winds (Hellerman and RosUse interpolated monthly Hellerman and Rosentstein winds (Hellerman and Ros
enstein, 1983).enstein, 1983). Use Levitus’94 climatology (Levitus and Boyer, 1994) to initialize the model aUse Levitus’94 climatology (Levitus and Boyer, 1994) to initialize the model a
nd determine its surface sources of heat and fresh water.nd determine its surface sources of heat and fresh water.
Other details:Other details: The northern boundary is closed. The southern boundary condition (30°S) is sloThe northern boundary is closed. The southern boundary condition (30°S) is slo
w nudging toward climatology in a sponge layer. The bottom is insulated, with w nudging toward climatology in a sponge layer. The bottom is insulated, with non-slip conditions parameterized by a nonlinear bottom drag. non-slip conditions parameterized by a nonlinear bottom drag.
Sub-grid scale vertical mixing is parameterized by eddy diffusivity (for temperaSub-grid scale vertical mixing is parameterized by eddy diffusivity (for temperature and salinity) and viscosity (for momentum) using a modified Richardson nture and salinity) and viscosity (for momentum) using a modified Richardson number based approach based on Pacanowski and Philander.umber based approach based on Pacanowski and Philander.
Background lateral viscosity (diffusivity) is 20 m²/s in both domains. Background lateral viscosity (diffusivity) is 20 m²/s in both domains.