LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 6 Energy and States of Matter Energy Measuring Temperature.

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Chapter 6Energy and States of Matter

EnergyMeasuring Temperature

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Energy

• Makes objects move

• Makes things stop

• Energy from sun plants foods we eat energy to live

• We need energy to “do work”

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Work is done when

Go up stairsPlay soccerLift a bag of groceriesRide a bicycleBreatheHeart pumps bloodWater goes over a dam

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Potential Energy

Is stored energyExamples Water behind a dam Compressed spring Chemical bonds in gasoline or coal Food

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Kinetic Energy

Is energy of motionExamplesHammering a nailWater flowing over a damWorking outBoxingBurning gasoline

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Some Forms of Energy

MechanicalElectricalThermal (heat)ChemicalRadiant (light)

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Learning Check E1

A. A car uses more fuel when the air conditioner is on. True (1) or False (2) B. An apple hanging on a tree has potential energy that can turn into both mechanical or chemical energy. True (1) or False (2)

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Solution E1

A. A car uses more fuel when the air conditioner is on. True (1)

B. An apple hanging on a tree has potential energy that can turn into both mechanical or chemical energy. True(1)

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Temperature

Particles are always moving.When you heat water, the water molecules

move faster. When molecules move faster, the substance

gets hotter.When a substance gets hotter, its

temperature goes up.

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Learning Check E2

Suppose you place water in a freezer.A. The water particles move 1) faster 2) slower 3) the same

B. The water will get 1) hotter 2) colder 3) stay the same

C. The temperature of the water will be 1) higher 2) lower 3) the same

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Solution E2

Suppose you place water in a freezer.A. The water particles move

2) slower B. The water will get

2) colder C. The temperature of the water will be

2) lower

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Temperature

Measures the hotness or coldness of an object

Determined by using a thermometer that contains a liquid that expands with heat and contracts with cooling.

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Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

Water boils _____°F _____°C ______K

Water freezes _____°F _____°C ______K

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Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

Water boils 212°F 100°C 373 K

Water freezes 32°F 0°C 273 K

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Units of Temperature between Boiling and Freezing

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

Water boils 212°F 100°C 373 K

180° 100°C 100K

Water freezes 32°F 0°C 273 K

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Learning Check E3

A. Temperature of freezing water 1) 0°F 2) 0°C 3) 0 K

B. Temperature of boiling water 1) 100°F 2) 32°F 3) 373K

C. Number of Celsius units between the boiling and freezing points of water

1) 100 2) 180 3) 273

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Solution E3

A. Temperature of freezing water 2) 0°C

B. Temperature of boiling water 3) 373K

C. Number of Celsius units between the boiling and freezing points of water

1) 100

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Fahrenheit Formula

180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F 100°C 5°C 1°C

Zero point: 0°C = 32°F

°F = 9/5 T°C + 32 or

°F = 1.8 T°C + 32

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Celsius Formula

Rearrange to find T°C°F = 1.8 T°C + 32

°F - 32 = 1.8T°C ( +32 - 32)

°F - 32 = 1.8 T°C 1.8 1.8

°F - 32 = T°C 1.8

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Temperature Conversions

A person with hypothermia has a body temperature of 29.1°C. What is the body temperature in °F? °F = 1.8 (29.1°C) + 32

exact tenth's exact = 52.4 + 32

= 84.4°F tenth’s

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Learning Check E4

The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F. What is that temperature in °C? 1) 73.8 °C 2) 58.8 °C3) 41.0 °C

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Solution E4

3) 41.0 °CSolution:°C = (°F - 32) 1.8= (105.8 - 32) 1.8 = 73.8°F 1.8° = 41.0°C

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Learning Check E5

Pizza is baked at 455°F. What is that in °C?1) 437 °C2) 235°C3) 221°C

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Solution E5

Pizza is baked at 455°F. What is that in °C?

2) 235°C(455 - 32) = 235°C 1.8

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Learning Check E6

On a cold winter day, the temperature falls to -15°C. What is that temperature in °F?1) 19 °F2) 59°F3) 5°F

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Solution E6

3) 5°F

Solution:°F = 1.8(-15°C) + 32

= -27 + 32= 5°F

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Kelvin Scale

On the Kelvin Scale

1K = 1°C

0 K is the lowest temperature

0 K = - 273°C

K °C

K = °C + 273

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Learning Check E7

What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins?1) 236 K2) 310 K 3) 342 K

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Solution E7

What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins?2) 310 K

K = °C + 273= 37 °C + 273= 310. K