Chapter 05 *Lecture Outline Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. *See separate Image PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes. PowerPoints prepared by Melanie Waite-Altringer Biology Faculty Member of Anoka-Ramsey Community College
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Chapter 05 *Lecture Outline
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
*See separate Image PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into
PowerPoint without notes.
PowerPoints prepared by Melanie Waite-Altringer Biology Faculty Member of
Anoka-Ramsey Community College
Chapter 5 Tissues
3
Introduction: A. Cells are arranged in tissues that
provide specific functions for the body. B. Cells of different tissues are structured
differently, which leads to their differences in function.
C. The tissues of the human body include four major types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
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4
Epithelial Tissues: A. General Characteristics
1. Epithelial tissue is widespread throughout the body, covers organs, and lines body surfaces.
2. Epithelial tissues are anchored to a basement membrane, are made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material, generally lack blood vessels, and are replaced frequently.
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3. Epithelial tissues function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.
Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Table 05.01
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B. Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. Simple squamous epithelium is made
up of a single layer of thin, flattened cells.
2. Because it is suited for diffusion, it functions in the exchange of gases in the lungs and lines blood and lymph vessels as well as body cavities.
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Fig05.01
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
Free surface"of tissue
Simple"squamous"epithelium Basement"membrane Nucleus
Free surface"of simple"squamous"epithelium
Nucleus
Connective"tissue"
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
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C. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1. Simple cuboidal epithelium
consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally
located nuclei. 2. It functions in secretion and
absorption in the kidneys, and in secretion in glands.
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Fig05.02
Nucleus Basement "membrane"Free surface "of tissue"
Simple"cuboidal"epithelium
Connective"tissue
Lumen
(a) (b) ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
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10
D. Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Simple columnar epithelium is
made up of a row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane. It may be ciliated.
2. It lines the uterus, stomach, and intestines where it protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients.
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3. In the intestine, these cells possess microvilli that increase the surface area available for absorption.
4. Mucus-secreting goblet cells can be found among columnar cells.
Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig05.03
Nucleus
Basement"membrane
Microvilli"(free surface"of tissue)
Connective"tissue
Mucus
Cytoplasm
Goblet cell
(a) (b) ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
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E. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1. These cells appear layered due to the
varying positions of their nuclei within the row of cells, but are not truly layered.
2. Cilia may be present, along with mucus-secreting globlet cells, that line and sweep debris from respiratory tubes.
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Fig05.04
(a) (b)
Cilia"(free surface"of tissue)
Goblet cell
Basement "membrane"
Nucleus
Connective "tissue"
Cytoplasm
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
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14
F. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. This type of tissue is made up of
layers of flattened cells that are designed to protect underlying layers. 2. It makes up the outer layer of skin,
and lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal.
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3. In the skin, outer layers of cells undergo keratinization; however, this process does not occur where tissues remain moist in the throat, vagina, or anal canal.
Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig05.05
Basement "membrane"
Layer of"dividing"cells
Connective"tissue"
Free surface"of tissue
Squamous"cells
(b) (a) ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
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G. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium 1. This tissue consists of two to three
layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.
2. Several layers of cells provide greater protection than one single layer.
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Fig05.06
Free surface "of tissue"
Lumen
Basement "membrane"Connective "tissue"
Nucleus
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Stratified"cuboidal"epithelium
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H. Stratified Columnar Epithelium 1. This tissue consists of several layers
of cells and is found in the ductus deferens, part of the male urethra, and parts of the pharynx.
Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig05.07
(b) (a)
Lumen
Stratified "columnar "epithelium"
Connective"tissue"
Basement "membrane"
Free surface "of tissue"
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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I. Transitional Epithelium 1. Transitional epithelium is designed
to distend and return to its normal size, as it does in the lining of the urinary bladder.
2. This design provides distensibility and keeps urine from diffusing back into
the internal cavity.
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Fig05.08
©Ed Reschke
©Ed Reschke
Stretched "transitional "epithelium"
Basement "membrane"
Underlying "connective tissue"
Basement "membrane"
Underlying "connective tissue"
Unstretched "transitional "epithelium"
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
Free surface "of tissue"
Free surface "of tissue"
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