Lecture One Digital 1st

8/19/2019 Lecture One Digital 1st

1/23

PROGRAMMABLE

1

MICROCONTROLLERSThese are lecture notes to accompany the books:

•Mohammad Ali Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and embeddedsystems.2006

•Milan Verle, PIC Microcontrollers - Programming in C, 2009


2/23

Course Outline Introduction to Digital systems.

PIC Microcontrollers architecture.

Programming Microcontrollers C-Language

2

8051 Assembly Language programming

Overview on Arduino development

environment and programming language.


3/23

What is a Microcontroller?3


4/23

Microcontroller Applications4


5/23

Microcontroller Applications5


6/23

Introduction to Digital To understand the software and hardware of a

microcontroller based systems, one first musthave knowledge is some basic concepts under

computer design.

6

Fundamentals of numbering and coding systems.

Introduction to logic gates.


7/23

Numbering and coding systems The numbering system we use (human)

everyday is decimal. Computers use BINARYsystem.

Decimal Base 10. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

7

Binary Base two. (0, 1)


8/23

Converting form Binary to Decimal

To convert form binary to decimal, it is important

to understand the weight concept of each digit. Weight of number (740683)10

3 x 100 =3

8

8 x 101 =80

6 x 102 =600

0 x 103 =0

4 x 104 =40000

7 x 105 =700000


9/23

Converting form Binary to Decimal

Ex 1:

Convert (11001)2 to Decimal:

Weight: 16 8 4 2 1

9

Sum: 16+ 8+ 0+ 0+ 1=2510


10/23

Converting form Binary to Decimal Ex2:

Convert (110110.01)2 to Decimal 1 x 2-2 =0.25

0 x 2-1 =0

10

x =

1 x 21 =2

1 x 22 =4

0 x 23 =0

1 x 24 =16

1 x 25 =32

Sum= (54.25)10


11/23

Converting form Decimal to Binary Ex 3:

Convert (25)10 to Binary. Quotient Reminder

25/2 = 12 1 LSB

11

12/2= 6 0

6/2= 3 0

3/2= 1 1

½= 0 1 (MSB)

Therefore (25)10 is (11001)2


12/23

Hexadecimal System Base 16, the hexadecimal system is used in a

convenient representation of binary numbers. It is much easier for us to represent a binary

number 111100110101 as its hexadecimal

12

number F25H.

The Hexadecimal (Base 16) : 0-9, A, B, C, D,

E and F.


13/23

Decimal – Binary - Hexadecimal1313


14/23

Converting between Binary and Hex

Ex4: Represent (100111110101)2

Solution:

1- Group each 4 bits: 1001 1111 0101

14

-

1001 9, 1111F, 01015

Therefore (100111110101)2 =9F5H


15/23

Convert Hex to Binary15 Ex5: Convert 3A9H to Binary

3 0011, A 1010, 91001

So (3A)16 = (001110101001)2


16/23

Converting from decimal to hex16 Two ways:

1- Convert to binary then to hex

Convert directly to hex, by repeated division by

.


17/23

Converting from decimal to hex17 Ex 6: Convert 4510 To Hex

First convert to binary (sum of weight method):

32 16 8 4 2 1

32+8+4+1= 4510 = 1011012

4510 = (0010 1101)2 = 2D16


18/23

Convert from hex to decimal18 Convert by summing all weights or convert to

binary then decimal.


19/23

Counting in bases 10,2 and 1619


20/23

Counting in bases 10,2 and 1620


21/23

Addition of binary21 Add the following numbers:

Binary Decimal 1101 13

10110 22


22/23

Addition of hex numbers22 Ex:7 Perform Hex addition : 23D9+94BE

23D9 LSD: 9+14=231017H 94BE + 1+13+11=251019H

= MSD: 2+9=1110BH


23/23

ASCII Code23 American Standard Code for Information

Interchange.

Lecture One Digital 1st

Documents