Lecture on Physiology of Haemoglobin.pptx

8/13/2019 Lecture on Physiology of Haemoglobin.pptx

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HEMOGLOBIN

Dr. Manal Abdalla

Associate ProfessorClinical Pathology

Taibah University


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The Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte)


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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the main component oferythrocytes it transport oxygen and

carbon dioxide ,it is composed of aminoacids that form a single protein calledglobin and a compound called haemwhich contains an iron atom and the redpigment porphyrin


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Laboratory Tests

CBC (complete bloodcount) # of red blood cells

Hemoglobin content

Hematocrit-

Blood smear- classifysize (mcv)

Leukocyte and plateletcount

Reticulocyte count


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Red Blood Cells

Deliver oxygen totissues in the body

Only live about 120

days

Also called

Erythrocyte

Normal RBC level

(M): 5.4 +/- .8 million/

uL

(F): 4.8 +/- .6 million/

uL


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Hemoglobin

Normal Hemoglobin Male: 14-18 g/dL

Female: 12-16 g/dL

Hb content indicated by mean

corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

MCH = Hb (g /dl x 10) / RBC

(mil l ions/mm3)


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Normal Red Blood Cells


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HypochromiaofIron-deficiency

Anemia


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Size and Color of the red Blood

Cell

MCHCMCV

normocytic normochromichypochromicmacrocyticmicrocytic


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Hemoglobin

The oxygen binding capacity in theblood is directly proportional to the

Hb concentration rather than toRBC count because some RBC

contain more Hb than others .


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Hemoglobin

The hemoglobin determination is partof CBC it is used to screen for

diseases associated with anaemia ,to determine severity of anaemia

,to monitor response of treatment

for anaemia and to evaluatepolythcythemia


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Reference Values

Women: 12 - 16 gm /dl

Men : 13 - 17 gm /dl


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Hemoglobin (2 2)

chain

chain chain

chainHeme


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Types of hemoglobin

Normalhemoglobin :

HbA: it is formed of two alpha chains and two

beta chains , it constitutes 96% of total HbHbA2: it is formed of two alpha chains andtwo delta chains ,it constitutes about 2 %only of total Hb

HbF : it is formed of two alpha chains and two

gamma chains ,it constitutes 2% of total Hb


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Types of hemoglobin

Abnormal hemoglobin :

There are many types of abnormal

hemoglobin such as Hb S , Hb D ,HbC , Hb J

Those hemoglobins differ in their

structure of amino acid chains

which areheriditarytransmitted


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Clinical Implications

Decreased Hemoglobin :

Decreased Hb level are found in anaemia

,a condition in which there is a reductionof Hb , heamatocrete and RBC count

Iron deficiency , thalassaemia

,pernicious anaemia andhemoglobinopathies

Liver disease and hypothyrodism

Hemorrhage


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Hemolytic anaemia

Impaired production of red cells by

bone marrowVarious systemic diseases as :

Hodgkin disease

LeukemiaSLE

Lymphoma


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Causes of Anemia

Lack of required

nutrients

Loss of blood

Chronic Disease

Genetic Abnormalities

Inadequate production

of red blood cells


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Koilonychia in iron-deficiency anemia


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Increased Hb :

Polycythemia vera

Dehydration

Newborne

Congestive heart failureErythropoietin producing tumors

Chronic obstructive lung disease


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Lecture on Physiology of Haemoglobin.pptx

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