Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Volume 134

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Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University ofAthens, Athens, Greece

Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup,WA, Australia

Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

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Satyajit Patel · C. H. Solanki · Krishna R. Reddy ·Sanjay Kumar ShuklaEditors

Proceedings of the IndianGeotechnical Conference2019IGC-2019 Volume II

EditorsSatyajit PatelDepartment of Applied MechanicsSardar Vallabhbhai National Instituteof TechnologySurat, India

Krishna R. ReddyDepartment of Civil, Materials,and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of IllinoisChicago, Chicago, IL, USA

C. H. SolankiDepartment of Applied MechanicsSardar Vallabhbhai National Instituteof TechnologySurat, India

Sanjay Kumar ShuklaDepartment of Civil EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, WA, Australia

ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Civil EngineeringISBN 978-981-33-6369-4 ISBN 978-981-33-6370-0 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6370-0

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Preface

The Indian Geotechnical Society, Surat Chapter, and Sardar Vallabhbhai NationalInstitute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, India, organized the Indian GeotechnicalConference (IGC) in Surat during 19–21 December 2019. The main theme ofthe conference was “GeoINDUS: Geotechnics for INfrastructure Development andUrbaniSation”. The sub-themes of the conference included:

1. Characterization of Geomaterials and Physical Modelling2. Foundations and Deep Excavations3. Soil Stabilization and Ground Improvement4. Geoenvironmental Engineering and Waste Material Utilization5. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering6. Earth Retaining Structures, Dams and Embankments7. Slope Stability and Landslides8. Transportation Geotechnics9. Geosynthetics Applications10. Computational, Analytical and Numerical Modelling11. Rock Engineering, Tunnelling and Underground Constructions12. Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Case Studies13. Others Topics: Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Offshore andMarine Geotech-

nics,RemoteSensing andGIS,Field Investigations, Instrumentation andMoni-toring, Retrofitting of Geotechnical Structures, Reliability in GeotechnicalEngineering, Geotechnical Education, Codes and Standards, and other relevanttopics.

The proceedings of this conference consists of selected papers presented at the confer-ence. The proceedings is divided into six volumes, including a special volume withall keynote/invited presentations.

We sincerely thank all the authors who have contributed their papers to the confer-ence proceedings. We also thank all the reviewers who have been instrumental ingiving their valuable inputs for improving the quality of the final papers. We greatlyappreciate and thank the student volunteers, especially Vemula Anand Reddy, MohitMistry, Rahul Pai, Manali Patel, Rohan Deshmukh, Hrishikesh Shahane, Anand M.Hulagabali, Jiji Krishnan and Bhavita Dave for their unwavering support that was

v

vi Preface

instrumental in preparation of these proceedings. Finally, thanks to the Springer teamfor their support and full cooperation for publishing six volumes of this IGC-2019proceedings.

Surat, IndiaSurat, IndiaChicago, USAJoondalup, Australia

Satyajit PatelC. H. Solanki

Krishna R. ReddySanjay Kumar Shukla

Contents

Analysis of the Effect of Plastic Waste Strips on Characteristicsof Fine-Grained Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Mouneesh Meka and Anjan Patel

Siting of New Landfill for Municipal Solid Waste Using GISand MCDA-A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Swati A. Patil and Mahesh S. Endait

Performance Analysis of GCLs as Barriers-A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Nazeema Basheer and Jaskiran Sobti

Effect of Alkaline Environment on the Swell Pressuresof Compacted Bentonite Under Thermal History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Rohini C. Kale, Kapil Bhanwariwal, and K. Ravi

Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste as Backfill Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Parul Rawat and Supriya Mohanty

A Study on Contaminant Transport Through Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Rajeshwari Puranik and Prasanna Patil

Effect of Induced Osmotic Suction and Bentonite Content on SwellBehaviour and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Red Soil . . . . . . . . 75A. S. Devapriya and T. Thyagaraj

Use of Fly Ash as Weak Cementing Agent to Strengthen MarineClay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Sayali Belawadikar, D. S. Patil, and Ashish Juneja

Physical and Swell Behaviour of Sand–Bentonite and MarbleDust–Bentonite Mixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Ankush Kumar Jain, Ayush Kumar, and Arvind Kumar Jha

Converting Agricultural Waste into Biochar for ImprovingPhysical Properties of Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107M. P. Choudhary, H. D. Charan, and Biswajit Acharya

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Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Using BiocharDerived from Wheat Straw, Rice Husk and Bagasse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Aarushi Joshi, Dharmaraj J. Patil, Jagabandhu Dixit,and Sailesh Narayan Behera

Influence of Lime on the Unconfined Compressive Strengthof Cnoal Gangue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Mohammed Ashfaq, M. Heera Lal, and Arif Ali Baig Moghal

Potential Application of Treated Bauxite Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Sujeet Kumar, Abhay Kumar Verma, and Arun Prasad

Hydro-mechanical Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced ClayBarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Koteswaraarao Jadda, Sharon Kumar Injamala, and Ramakrishna Bag

Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Dredged Soil Acquiredfrom Dal Lake—A Laboratory Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Rakshanda Showkat, B. A. Mir, and K. M. N. Saquib Wani

Investigation of Sub-surface Contamination Around the LandfillSite: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Sagar Shinde, Arati Gaikwad, and Swapnil Joshi

Geotechnical Characterization of Recycled Aggregates (RA)Comprising of Mixed Waste from Construction & Demolition(C&D) Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Apoorva Agarwal, Manoj Datta, G. V. Ramana, N. K. Soni,and Rajiv Satyakam

Characterization of Heavy Metals from a Contaminated IndustrialSite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Vemula A. Reddy, Deepak Haritwal, Chandresh H. Solanki,Shailendra Kumar, and Krishna R. Reddy

Experimental Study of Engineering Properties of Kota StoneSlurry Powder and Fly Ash Mixed Expansive Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Dayanand Tak, J. K. Sharma, and K. S. Grover

Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ashon Geotechnical Properties of Expansive Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Parmanand Meena, J. K. Sharma, and Biswajit Acharya

Effect of Crushing on Stress–Strain Behavior of Fly Ash UnderMonotonic Compression and Repeated Loading–UnloadingConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Aparna Shrivastava, Ankit Ghanghas, and Ajanta Sachan

Contents ix

Geotechnical Behaviour of Fly Ash-Bentonite Mixture as a LinerMaterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237Naman Kantesaria, Piyush Chandra, and Ajanta Sachan

Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill on SurroundingEnvironment: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Antara Banerjee

Settlement of Landfill Clay Cover Barriers with GeogridReinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Akshit Mittal and Amit Kumar Shrivastava

Desiccation Induced Cracking Characteristics of Locally AvailableSoils in Warangal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Nirbhay Narayan Singh, Y. Sudheer Kumar, and P. Hari Krishna

Study the Potential of Plastic Waste Bottles as Geo-Cellsfor Maintenance of Pot-Holes in Flexible Pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Siddharth Shah, Yogesh Alwani, and Morvin Solanki

Effect of Low-Frequency AC Supply and Purging Solutionon Remediation of Nickel-Contaminated Soil Using Electrokinetics . . . . 297Lalit S. Thakur, Nirali B. Hasilkar, and Avani R. Umatt

The Effect ofWater Table Depth on Bearing Capacity of RandomlyDistributed Waste Tyre Rubber Fibre Reinforced Clayey Soil . . . . . . . . . . 313P. Venkateswarlu, M. Upendra, Mohit Mistry, C. H. Solanki, and S. K. Shukla

On Improving the Performance of Silty Soil by Treatingwith Ferrochrome Slag: An Experimental Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Suvojit Patla, Somenath Mondal, and Anil Kumar Choudhary

Experimental Studies on Utilization of Blast Furnace Slagfor Cohesionless Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Bhavin G. Buddhdev and M. V. Chauhan

Resilient Modulus of Compacted Fly Ash for PavementApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Bhargav Kumar Karnamprabhakara, Prashant Vyankatesh Guda,and Umashankar Balunaini

Effect of Tiles Waste and Fly Ash Brick Waste on Permeabilityand Strength of Lower Granular Subbase Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Mishra Pooja Mangalprasad and Hrishikesh Ashok Shahane

Shear Strength Behavior of Soil-Sized Material Obtainedfrom Landfill Mining, Waste-To-Energy Plants, and C&DProcessing Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Lalit Kandpal and Manoj Datta

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Strength and Permeability Characteristics of Fibre-ReinforcedLiner Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Debtanu Seth, Suresh Prasad Singh, and Shubham Singh

Strength Properties of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Gaurav Anand, Murapaka Swamy Naidu, and Suresh Prasad Singh

Studies on the Effects of Addition of Shredded Plastic Wasteas Reinforcement on Engineering Properties of Black-Cotton Soil . . . . . . 407Siddharth Shah and Amit Joshi

Performance Evaluation of Rice Husk Ash and Phosphogypsumin Stabilizing the Problematic Expansive Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417R. Dayakar Babu, K. Ramu, and M. S. Saandeepya

Estimation of Total Soluble Solids in MSW Incineration BottomAsh by Higher Dilution Method: Assessment for GeotechnicalReuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Garima Gupta, Manoj Datta, G. V. Ramana, and B. J. Alappat

Characterization of Soft Soil Deposit of Indo-Bangla RailwayProject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Rajat Debnath and Rajib Saha

Site Characterization and Economization Through PressuremeterTest: A Case Study in Katni, M.P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Kuppala Venkata Sivannarayana, Arnab Banerjee, and Subhasish Pasupalak

Agartala–Bangladesh Railway Embankment Construction OverSoft Soils Incorporated with Prefabricated Vertical Drains: A CaseStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459Rai Bahadur Reang, Sujit Kumar Pal, and Sanjay Paul

A Geotechnical Study on Breached Summer Storage Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Nandyala Darga Kumar and C. Lavanya

Shear Strength Behavior of an Unsaturated Clayey Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483P. B. Pande, S. R. Khandeshwar, and S. P. Bajad

Effect of Drying and Wetting SWCCs on Unsaturated Soil Slopes . . . . . . 493Ammavajjala Sesha Sai Raghuram and B. Munwar Basha

Analysis of Suction Caissons in Soft Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Preethi Sekar, N. Preetham Rajan, and Satya Kiran Raju Alluri

Thixotropic Properties of Deepwater Indian Marine Claysfrom Eastern Offshore—Evaluation and Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517Rohit Sinha and R. K. Ghanekar

Contents xi

Evaluation of SWCC Curves and Undrained Shear Parametersat Different Densities and Saturations of Unsaturated Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Kishan Bhadiyadra, Nehal Desai, and K. N. Sheth

Reliability Analysis of Retaining Wall Using Artificial NeuralNetwork (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Pratishtha Mishra and Pijush Samui

Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Semi-supervised DeepLearning Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Sourish Gunesh Dhekane, Shivam Tiwari, and Manan Sharma

Integrated Geophysical and Geotechnical Study of a Southern Oiland Gas Field in Western Offshore, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Sri Harsha Gamidi and R. K. Ghanekar

Large-Box Direct Shear Test of Municipal Solid Waste: A CaseStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Lalit Mohan Pathak and Sharique Khan

Codal Provisions for Foundation Design on Soils and Rocks:A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599Gaurav Sharma, Pradeep Kumar, Koushik Pandit, and Sayantani Lala

Influence of API p–y Procedures on Design of Offshore Piles in Clay . . . . 611Rupam Mahanta and R. K. Ghanekar

Effect of Different Densities and Saturation on UnconfinedCompressive Strength of Expansive and Yellow Plastic Clay . . . . . . . . . . . 621Dhruval Shah, Nazimali Chinwala, and Hitesh Desai

Influence of Grain Sorting and Grain Shape/Elongationon the Intergranular Porosity of Cubic Packing for SedimentaryRocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Shreya Katre, Arnab Kumar Pal, Siddharth Garia, K. Ravi,and Archana M. Nair

Effect of Deployment of Jack-Up on Piles and Structure of ExistingOffshore platform—A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641Rupam Mahanta and Praveen Bhat

An Autonomous Program for Crack Length Calculationin an Unsaturated Soil in 1-D Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Anangsha Alammyan, Sai Krishna Kothapalli, and S. Sreedeep

A Case Study on Soil Quality Analysis Around Dumping Yard . . . . . . . . . 665Suraj D. Bhosale, Sanju R. Phulpagar, and Abhijeet Keskar

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Uplift Capacities of Triple-Plate Horizontal Circular Anchorsin Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673B. Vidya Tilak and Narendra Kumar Samadhiya

An Observation of Methods of Pile Analysis Subjected to DifferentLoad and Soil Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683Alpesh Pandya and Atul K. Desai

Quality Control Aspects for Casing Material and Coarse Filterfor Earth Core Rockfill Dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705Uday Bhanu Chakraborty, N. P. Honkaradavar, Sandeep Dhanote,and S. Bajaj

Study on Surface Soil Erosion of Bhogdoi River Basin Using GISand Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Merina Englengpi and M. K. Dutta

Effect of Freezing–Thawing Cycles on Suction Measurementof Unsaturated Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Jaimin Vaidya, Bhavita Dave, and Nitin H. Joshi

Reviews on Mitigation Techniques of Offshore Jack Up Hazardby FEM Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741Arpit Parikh, S. J. Shukla, and S. R. Gandhi

Response to Seismic Effect on Cable Stayed Bridges with DifferentCable System Under Consideration of SSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757J. H. Gabra and Atul K. Desai

Potential of Vibration Studies for Soil Characterization AroundProposed High-Speed Track Near Surat City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773P. S. Rao, Atul K. Desai, and C. H. Solanki

About the Editors

Dr. Satyajit Patel is Associate Professor at the CivilEngineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai NationalInstitute of Technology, Surat, India. His research areaincludes utilization of industrial solid wastes in civilengineering constructions, geoenvironmental issues,soil stabilization, ground improvement, and geosyn-thetics for road pavements. He has published 13 journalpapers and presented 7 research papers internationally.He has guided more than 29 M.Tech. students and 9students are currently pursuing their Ph.D. under hisguidance. He is a life member of Indian GeotechnicalSociety, Institution of Engineers (India), and IndianRoad Congress (IRC). He has received a researchgrant from the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India.

Dr. C. H. Solanki is Professor (Geotechnical Engi-neering) at the Civil Engineering Department, SardarVallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat,India. He has guided 50 postgraduate dissertations and16 Ph.D. thesis and he is currently supervising 11 Ph.D.research scholars. He has published 165 research papersin the reputed national, international journals and confer-ences. Dr. Solanki received the “Shri. M. S. Jain Bian-nual Award” for the Best Paper in IGC 2013, Prof.Dinesh Mohan Award in IGC 2017 and “DistinguishedFaculty Award” form The Venus International FacultyAwards-2016. He has organized 20 national level eventsincluding STTP, FDP, conferences and seminars and hewas the chairman for the Indian Geotechnical Confer-ence (IGC 2019) held at Surat, Gujarat. Dr. Solanki hasbeen elected as amember of executive committee of IGS

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xiv About the Editors

for the terms (2015–2022).His research interests includesubsoil characteristics, predictions in geotechnical engi-neering, soil dynamics, ground improvement and geoen-vironmental engineering. He has given 50 expert talksthroughout India and abroad. He is a life member ofIndian Geotechnical Society, Indian Society for Tech-nical Education (ISTE), and Institution of Engineers(India).

Dr. Krishna R. Reddy is Professor of Civil and Envi-ronmental Engineering, Director of Sustainable Engi-neering Research Laboratory, and also Director of theGeotechnical andGeoenvironmental EngineeringLabo-ratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. Hereceived his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the Illi-nois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA. Dr. Reddyhas over 28 years of teaching, consulting, and researchexperience in the fields of civil engineering, geotech-nical and geoenvironmental engineering, environmentalengineering, and sustainable and resilient engineering.He is the author of 4 books, 246 journal papers, 21edited books/conference proceedings, 22 book chap-ters, and 225 full conference papers. He has receivedseveral awards for excellence in research and teaching,including the ASCE Wesley W. Horner Award, ASTMHogentogler Award, UIC Distinguished ResearcherAward, the University of Illinois Scholar Award, and theUniversity of Illinois Award for Excellence in Teaching.

Dr. Sanjay Kumar Shukla is the Founding ResearchGroup Leader (Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering) at the Edith Cowan University, Perth,Australia. He is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of theInternational Journal of Geosynthetics and GroundEngineering. He holds the Distinguished Professorshipin Civil Engineering at Delhi Technological Univer-sity, Delhi, VIT University, Vellore, Amity University,Noida, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh and V. R.Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India. Hegraduated in Civil Engineering from BIT Sindri, India,and earned his M.Tech. in Civil (Engineering Geology)Engineering and Ph.D. in Civil (Geotechnical) Engi-neering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)Kanpur, India. His primary areas of research interest

About the Editors xv

include geosynthetics and fibres for sustainable devel-opments, ground improvement techniques, utilization ofwastes in construction, earth pressure and slope stability,environmental, mining and pavement geotechnics, andsoil–structure interaction. He is an author/editor of15 books, including 7 textbooks, and more than 260research papers, including 160 refereed journal papers.He has been honoured with several awards, includingIGS Award 2018 by the International GeosyntheticsSociety, USA, in recognition of outstanding contribu-tion to the development and use of geosynthetics. He isa fellow of Engineers Australia, Institution of Engineers(India), and Indian Geotechnical Society, and a memberof American Society of Civil Engineers, InternationalGeosynthetics Society, and several other professionalbodies.