Lecture fsw dpsir + conflicts

Problems analysis: DPSIR

River Basin Management &

IP Field Study Days

2013-14

State of the Environment

report

DPSI(R)

CAUSE EFFECT CAUSE

BEHIND

THE

CAUSE

EFFECT

OF THE

EFFECT

DPSI(R)

PRESSURE STATE DRIVER IMPACT

Generic DPSIR framework for

water

Source: P. Kristensen, the DPSIR framework, paper presented at the Workshop on …. River Basin

Approach, UNEP, Nairobi, 2004

DPSIR: Driver

Basic sectoral trends

1. Identify the sector?

E.g. agriculture

2. Which driver?

E.g. the economy

e.g. demography

e.g. governance

DPSIR: Pressure

Factors directly

affecting the

environment

• E.g the increase in

the amount of

nutrients

• E.g. groundwater

extraction

• etc

DPSIR: State

The state of the

Environment,

observable changes

• E.g. eutrophication.

This implies a

change in the

habitats of species

DPSIR: Impact

Effects of the changed

environment

• E.g health problems

• E.g. poverty

• E.g. decrease of

economic activities

• E.g. decrease of

biodiversity

Aral Sea

Aral Sea

Aral Sea

Drivers and Pressure Drivers

Improving the economy by

cultivation of cotton and

rice

Pressure

• Decreased discharges

of the rivers Amy Darya

and Syr Darya

– Overextraction of

water

– Inefficient irrigation

practices

• Pollution with fertilizers

and pesticides

State and Impact

State

• Dried-up lake

• Salinization

• Polluted water

Impact

• Disappearance of

fisheries

• Poverty

• Health Problems

Impact State Pressure Driver

improving economy

by cultivation of cotton & rice

decreased discharge

due to over-extraction and inefficient

irrigation practise

sallinization

dried-up

pollution by pesticides and

fertilizers polluted

health problems

disappearance fisheries

poverty

Conflicts

River Basin Management & IP Field Study Days

2013 - 2014

From: Nandalal, K.D.W. and Simonovic, S.P. , State of the art Report on Systems Analysis Methods for Resoluition of

Conflicts in Water Resources Management, UNESCO Techn. Rp. In Hydrology, PC CP series no. 4, 2003

Worldwide perspective

Over the last 100 years

• Population tripled

• Water use increased sixfold

Water scarcity increased

Conflicts

• Lack of accessible water (quality and quantity)

– Poor water allocation; conflicts over water

allocation

– Wasteful use

– Lack of management action

• (Transboundary) pollution

• Disputes in the management of international

river basins (261 international river basins)

Conflicts • Process

– Decision-making

– Management

• Primary causes – E.g objections to restoration and/or management

– E.g. unawareness of impact of activities

– E.g. lack of adequate compensation

– Impact of plans or projects ( in the case of Natura 2000)

From: Dealing with Conflicts in the Implementation and Management of the Natura 2000 Network (a review of 24 best practice case studies) , 2009/2010

Conflicts between countries:

water extraction from Euphrates and

Tigris

Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

Conflicts between countries:

Water for energy

Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

Conflicts between countries:

Water rights in the Paso del Norte

Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

Internal conflicts:

Privatization and water pricing

Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

Internal conflicts:

Water allocation and the Colorado

river

Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

Fresh water availability

Withdrawal per sector

Avoiding Conflicts

Stakeholders and their interaction

are the key to understanding how

conflicts arise and how conflicts

can be resolved and avoided