5/7/2010 1 Objectives Objectives To define the endocrine system and associated To define the endocrine system and associated terminology. terminology. To identify the different organs recognized as To identify the different organs recognized as being part of the End. System. being part of the End. System. To identify the different ways that hormones may To identify the different ways that hormones may be classified. be classified. To describe the action of hormones. To describe the action of hormones. To list the different hormones produced by the To list the different hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their respective actions. pituitary gland and their respective actions. Role of the Endocrine System Role of the Endocrine System Communication & Regulation Communication & Regulation Consists of the hormones and the various Consists of the hormones and the various cells and glands that secrete them, as well cells and glands that secrete them, as well as the target cells receiving the message. as the target cells receiving the message. Regulates Regulates Metabolism Metabolism Growth Growth Water Regulation Water Regulation Reproductive Cycles & Seasons Reproductive Cycles & Seasons Response to Stress Response to Stress Metamorphosis Metamorphosis Stimulates blood cell production Stimulates blood cell production Lactation Lactation Gland Gland An An organ organ that synthesizes a specific that synthesizes a specific chemical substance. chemical substance. Then secretes this substance either through a Then secretes this substance either through a duct or onto the surface of the body or directly duct or onto the surface of the body or directly into the bloodstream. into the bloodstream. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Endocrine vs. Exocrine Anatomy of the Endocrine System Anatomy of the Endocrine System Hormones Hormones A chemical messenger liberated by a certain type of gland A chemical messenger liberated by a certain type of gland and transported in the blood to a specific (target) organ. and transported in the blood to a specific (target) organ. “…..molecular triggers” “…..molecular triggers” Types: Types: Based on composition (a.a., protein, lipid) Based on composition (a.a., protein, lipid) Based on speed (fast vs. slow acting). Based on speed (fast vs. slow acting). Seconds Seconds days days Free vs. Bound Free vs. Bound Effect on target cells Effect on target cells
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5/7/2010
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ObjectivesObjectives
To define the endocrine system and associated To define the endocrine system and associated terminology.terminology.
To identify the different organs recognized as To identify the different organs recognized as being part of the End. System.being part of the End. System.
To identify the different ways that hormones may To identify the different ways that hormones may be classified.be classified.
To describe the action of hormones.To describe the action of hormones.
To list the different hormones produced by the To list the different hormones produced by the
pituitary gland and their respective actions.pituitary gland and their respective actions.
Role of the Endocrine SystemRole of the Endocrine System
Communication & RegulationCommunication & Regulation
Consists of the hormones and the various Consists of the hormones and the various
cells and glands that secrete them, as well cells and glands that secrete them, as well
as the target cells receiving the message.as the target cells receiving the message.
Stimulates blood cell productionStimulates blood cell production
LactationLactation
GlandGland
An An organorgan that synthesizes a specificthat synthesizes a specific
chemical substance.chemical substance.
Then secretes this substance either through aThen secretes this substance either through a
duct or onto the surface of the body or directlyduct or onto the surface of the body or directly
into the bloodstream.into the bloodstream.
Endocrine vs. ExocrineEndocrine vs. Exocrine
Anatomy of the Endocrine SystemAnatomy of the Endocrine System HormonesHormones
A chemical messenger liberated by a certain type of gland A chemical messenger liberated by a certain type of gland and transported in the blood to a specific (target) organ.and transported in the blood to a specific (target) organ.
“…..molecular triggers”“…..molecular triggers”
Types:Types:
Based on composition (a.a., protein, lipid)Based on composition (a.a., protein, lipid)
Based on speed (fast vs. slow acting).Based on speed (fast vs. slow acting).
Seconds Seconds �� days days
Free vs. BoundFree vs. Bound
Effect on target cellsEffect on target cells
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Target Cell SpecificityTarget Cell Specificity
Generalizations about receiving cells.Generalizations about receiving cells.> Must have a specific protein receptor to accept > Must have a specific protein receptor to accept
the Hormone.the Hormone.> Binding Hormone with the receptor “turns on” > Binding Hormone with the receptor “turns on”
some genesome gene--determined function.determined function.
Cell activation depends upon:Cell activation depends upon:1) Blood levels of the hormone.1) Blood levels of the hormone.
2) Relative numbers of receptor sites.2) Relative numbers of receptor sites.3) Affinity (strength) of the bond3) Affinity (strength) of the bond
Mechanisms of Hormone ActionMechanisms of Hormone Action
Hormone action on target cellsHormone action on target cells1.1. Alter plasma membrane permeability of Alter plasma membrane permeability of
membrane potential by opening or closing membrane potential by opening or closing ion channelsion channels
2.2. Stimulate synthesis of proteins or regulatory Stimulate synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules molecules
3.3. Activate or deactivate enzyme systemsActivate or deactivate enzyme systems
(H’s produced in hypothalamus)(H’s produced in hypothalamus)PituicytesPituicytes ((glialglial--like supporting cells) & nerve fiberslike supporting cells) & nerve fibers
�� A down growth of hypothalamic neural tissueA down growth of hypothalamic neural tissue
�� Neural connection to the hypothalamusNeural connection to the hypothalamus
�� Nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesize the Nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesize the neurohormonesneurohormones oxytocinoxytocin and and antidiureticantidiuretichormone (ADH)hormone (ADH)
�� NeurohormonesNeurohormones are transported to the are transported to the posterior pituitaryposterior pituitary
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Hormones of the PituitaryHormones of the Pituitary