Applied Biology TECAS‐ITN Summer School 2014 Lecture Applied Biology Tecas Summer School Hannover, 1 st –5 th September 2014 Dr. Sabrina Schmeckebier HTTG, Hannover Medical School Working group Biohybrid Lung Introduction Applied Biology - Definition What does Applied Biology mean ? -definition BIOLOGY: - „ ... is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, taxonomy ... “ -branches of BIOLOGY: - Acarology, Anatomy, Arachnology, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biomechanics, Bionomics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology, Evolution, Genetics, Gerontology, Herpetology, Histology, Ichnology, Ichthyology, Immunology, Limnology, Marine biology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Mycology, Myrmecology, Neurobiology, Ornithology, Paleontology, Palynology, Parasitology, Photobiology, Phycology, Physiology, Plant physiology, Biological psychology, Radiobiology, Sociobiology, Structural biology, Taxonomy, Virology, Zoology -APPLIED BIOLOGY: - transfer the basic knowledge of living systems and organisms to practical use to develop new technologies and products - AIM: to improve humans live and protect nature highly interdisciplinary Introduction Applied Biology - Application Main areas of application: - increasing human welfare - improved use of natural resources - reduce environmental pollution - prevention of diseases
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Applied Biology
TECAS‐ITN Summer School 2014
Lecture
Applied Biology
Tecas Summer SchoolHannover, 1st – 5th September 2014
Dr. Sabrina SchmeckebierHTTG, Hannover Medical School
Working group Biohybrid Lung
IntroductionApplied Biology - Definition
What does Applied Biology mean ?
-definition BIOLOGY:- „ ... is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms
including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, taxonomy ... “
The roof was designed basing on the mechanism / statics of bat wings.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uXEXNH8sCo
Applied Biology
TECAS‐ITN Summer School 2014
Example:
Examples from Applied BiologyBiotechnology – Green Environmental Technology
Example:
-Project RUBIN „Aufbruch zur Industrialisierung von Naturkautschuk aus Löwenzahn“
Examples from Applied BiologyBiotechnology – Green Environmental Technology
Video Continental
Applied Biology
TECAS‐ITN Summer School 2014
Project RUBIN
-general aim of Continental: - development of an economically optimized wheel with consistent quality
-alternatives to use of fossile materials for rubber production
-kautschuk from dandelion (Löwenzahn)
more weather-independent cultivation than rubber tree
-comparable quality was achieved by using russian dandelion
-able to grow on fallow land (unused fields)
- does thereby not compete with other plants- only one growth period until harvest
-ecologically friendly
Examples from Applied BiologyBiotechnology – Green Environmental Technology
Bioconversion:
- synonym biotransformation
- chemical reaction takes place that brings out chemical compound
those cannot be produced by other methods
- use of organic materials into usable products or energy sources
- by applying biological processes or agents
- e.g. microorganisms, enzymes
- metabolites
- enzymatic hydrolysis
- synthesis gas fermentation
- Examples:Yeast is a single-cell organism using alcoholic fermentationto draw ist energy by converting glucose into ethanol andcarbondioxide by using enzymes pyruvate carboxylase andalcohol dehydrogenase.
Scanning electron microscope image of a yeast cluster
Examples from Applied BiologyBiotechnology – Food Technology
Functional Food / Nutrigenomic:
-Increasing world population ( increase of ∼80 Mio people/year)
increasing need for food
optimising the yield
gain additional benefit from food
functional food - supplementation with e.g.
- folates
- omega-3 fatty acids
- latic acid bacteria
- prebiotics
Examples from Applied BiologyBiotechnology – Food Technology
Applied Biology
TECAS‐ITN Summer School 2014
Genetic Engineering in Agriculture
Production of:
- vaccines
- antibiotics- flowers
- biofuels
- plant and animal breeding- prest resistant crops