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Lecture 6:Lecture 6: China-US Relations: China-US Relations: From ConfrontatiFrom Confrontati
on to Normalizationon to Normalization (( 1972-791972-79))
Chinese and American table tennis players practice in April 1971.An American delegation was in China to mark the 35th anniversary of a visit by US table tennis players that helped end the Cold War between Beijing and Washington. "Small ball to encourage the big ball" of the "ping-pong diplomacy“, as Premier Zhou said.
• The Soviet threat to both China and the USA
• Nixon’s historic visit to Beijing and Mao’s foreign strategy
• The Shanghai Joint Communique on Feb 28, 1972
3. 要求美国改变对台政策• 1971 年 4 月,美国国务卿基辛格秘密访华。
提出几个改善中美关系的先决条件:• 撤军• 承认台湾是中国的一个省。• 废约
4. 改变对美敌视态度和构筑新战略• 1972 年 2 月 21 - 28 日,尼克松访华、上海
联合公报,标志着中国国际战略的调整。• 中国改变了面对两个主要敌人的战略困境,
上海联合公报是成功的。
It is the developing countries in Africa and other regions that helped China regain its legitimate seat in the United Nations in October 1971.
“The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. ”
• Long way to normalization of Sino-US relations (1972-1979)Three preconditions raised by Deng Xiaoping for the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America:1, “ 废约” : to abrogate the US-Taiwan military treaty2, “ 撤军” : to withdraw US troops from Taiwan3, “断交” : to sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan
二、“三个世界”战略思想的提二、“三个世界”战略思想的提出出
1. 关于世界格局和对外战略,毛泽东在 1974 年 2月提出:
• 我看美国、苏联是第一世界。中间派,日本、欧洲、澳大利亚、加拿大,是第二世界。咱们是第三世界。
• 美国苏联原子弹多,也比较富,第二世界原子弹没那么多,也没那么富;但是比第三世界要富。
• 亚洲除了日本,都是第三世界,整个非洲都是第三世界,拉丁美洲也是第三世界。
2. “ 三个世界”思想懂得外交意义。(第 282 - 83页)
• Mao Zedong’s The Three Worlds Theory ( 三个世界的理论 ) – international relations comprise three politico–econo
mic worlds: the First World, the superpowers, the Second World, the superpowers' allies, and the Third World, the nations of the Non-Aligned Movement.
– Notably, Chairman Mao included the US and the Soviet Union in the First World group of countries.