1 LECTURE 4: CHEMICAL WEATHERING, “CLAY” MINERALS, & SOILS Coming Soon: List of potential questions for Test 1 on 9 February 2005 and Earlier on Line for Example Physical Vs. Chemical Fragmentation Vs. Decay (Geochemical & Pedochemical) Stability Series Compare to Bowen's Reaction Series High-Temperature Geochemical Equilibrium
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LECTURE 4: CHEMICAL WEATHERING, “CLAY” MINERALS, & …pages.geo.wvu.edu/~kite/Geo321Lect04_2007WeatheringClays.pdf · 2 Bowen’s Reaction Series (for Silicate Minerals) Low Olivine
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LECTURE 4:
CHEMICAL WEATHERING,“CLAY” MINERALS, & SOILS
Coming Soon: List of potential questions for Test 1 on 9 February
2005 and Earlier on Line for Example
Physical Vs. Chemical
Fragmentation Vs. Decay
(Geochemical & Pedochemical)
Stability Series
Compare to
Bowen's Reaction SeriesHigh-Temperature
Geochemical Equilibrium
2
Bowen’s Reaction Series(for Silicate Minerals)
Low
HighOlivine
Pyroxene
Amphibole
Biotite Na Plagioclase
Ca Plagioclase
Orthoclase
Muscovite
Quartz
Tem
per a
ture
Most Important Igneous Rocks
Mineral Composition
Text
ure
Felsic Mafic Ultra-Mafic
Inter-mediate
Cellular,GlassyFine
Coarse
Mix
rare
rare
rare
peridotite
basalt
gabbro
rhyolite
granite
andesite
diorite
scoriapumice
rhyoliteporphyry
andesiteporphyry
basaltporphyry
basalt
granite
andesiteporphyry
obsidian
basalt
Mineral Composition
Text
ure
Felsic Mafic Ultra-MaficIntermediate
Cell, Glassy
Fine
Coarse
Mix
rare
rare
rare
peridotitegabbro
rhyolite
granite
andesite
diorite
scoriapumice
rhyoliteporphyry
andesiteporphyry
basaltporphyry
obsidian
Olivine
Pyroxene
Am
phibole
Biotite
Na Plag
Ca Plag
Orthoclase
MuscoviteQ
uartz
Bowen’s Reaction Series & Igneous Rock Classification
The American Geological Institute is pleased to announce the 2007 William L. Fisher Congressional Fellowship program and the 2007 Government Affairs Internship program for students interested in working on Federal-level policy issues.
E-mail Drs. Kite or Wilson if interested.
No cell phone use in class or lab.
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Types of Chemical Weathering Reactions (List, Cover)
1. Solution2. Oxidation-reduction3. Carbonation4. Hydration5. Chelation6. Ion Exchange7. Hydrolysis
1. Solution
CaCO3 = Ca2+(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
Common-ion Effect: e.g. Anhydrite: (Ca2+) Increases in Solution
2. OXIDATION-REDUCTION
Fe+2 (Ferrous) = Fe+3 (Ferric) + Electron
Loss of Electron = Oxidation (Not Always Lost to Oxygen)
Gain of Electron = Reduction
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Eh = Redox Potential:
Ability of an Environment to Yield or Absorb Electrons
Electron Volts:+ Favors Oxidation- Favors Reduction
Stability Fields ofHematite and
Magnetite in Water
Source:
Garrels, Robert M., and Christ, Charles L., 1965, Solution, Minerals, and Equilibria: San Francisco, Freeman, Cooper & Company, 450 p.
Source:
Garrels, Robert M., and Christ, Charles L., 1965, Solution, Minerals, and Equilibria: San Francisco, Freeman, Cooper & Company, 450 p.
Stability Fields ofCu - Fe – S - O - H
System
Think About Complexity of Real World with 92 Elements