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Nervous system 07/10/2015
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Biological basis of behaviour
Announcements
• Movember
– Iwill support any person in the class who joins a team
• Thanksgivingthank your parent(s)
Announcements
• Regenesis
– If you are a undergraduate or graduate student, please support our work by taking 20 seconds of your time to cast your vote in support of Regenesis at: evote.yorku.ca
• A teaching moment – critical thinking & the federal election
Social Psychology in Action
• How the media & politicians shape political debate
– How many of you have heard about the debate about the niqab during the federal election campaign?
– How many of you have heard about the debate about aboriginal issues during the federal election campaign?
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Social Psychology in Action• Availability heuristic
– A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples (usually visual) that come mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, or decision.
– Not just in Canada, not just one party
Communication in the Nervous System
• neurons (nerve cells): workers ‐‐transmit info
glial cells: bodyguards -- feed & protect
Structure of a Neuron• Dendrites
– receive info from other neurons and transmits to cell body.
• Cell body– contains nucleus; decides “to fire or not to fire”
• Axon
– conducts impulses (fire signal) away from cell body
Structure of a Neuron
Myelin Sheath fatty insulation from glial cells surrounding axon
multiple sclerosis: loss of myelin causes erratic signals
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Recent views on neurons• neurogenesis: production of new neurons from immature stem cells– immature cells can develop into any cell type in the appropriate environment
• Mirror neurons– Neurons activated by performing an action or “seeing another” perform the same action
• little progress in understanding the function of mirror neurons
• Hormones produced by glands (e.g., pituitary, pineal) in the endocrine system, for (slow) control of general systems through bloodstream– Oxytocin – reproductive beh., bonding, trust
– Melatonin – biological rhythms
Structure of the Nervous System The Central Nervous System
• Brain
• Spinal cord
– from the base of the brain down the center of the back.
– protected by spinal column.
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The Withdrawal Reflex Peripheral Nervous System
• Somatic
– nerves connected to sensory receptors & skeletal muscles
• measures use (metabolization) of glucose & oxygen in brain
• more active brain areas ‐‐ increased blood flow & more oxygen consumption
Normal Alzheimer's
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functional Magnetic resonance imaging fMRI
• uses magnetic field, radio frequency pulses & computer to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone, etc.
• measures tiny metabolic changes taking place in active part of brain
Axial slice renderings of mean activations (red/yellow scale bar) and deactivations (blue/green scale bar) associated with improvisation during Scale and Jazz paradigms