Lecture 1-Introduction to RAN

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Lecture 1:Lecture 1:

Introduction toIntroduction to RRAA NN

RANRAN

By: Zuliana Ismail, 2010

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1) Introduction to RAN

2) Radio Theory

3) ADF : Automatic Direction Finder & NDB: NonDirectional Beacon

4) VOR: VHF Omni Directional Range5) ILS & MLS: Instrument Landing System

6) RADAR

7) DME : Distance Measuring Equipment

8) GPS: Global Positioning System

9) ALS: Approach Lightings System

10) TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System

11) GPWS: Global Proximity Warning System

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At the end of this lecture, the student shouldbe able to:

Define Navigation

Describe basic methods use for navigationList navigational aids system for aircraft duringdeparture, en-route and approach.

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Navigation: The process of plan and direct theroute of aircraftbyusing MAPS or

NAVIGATIONAL AID SYSTEMS.

Air Navigation The action of plotting anddirecting the route of an aircraftthrough the

air from one place to another. Adapted from the United States Air ForceDictionary.

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Know your position

Efficient use of fuel

Maintain a flight schedule

Avoid other air traffic

Avoid ground-to-air missiles

Minimize exposure to enemy radar

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1927: Charles LindberghFirst flying across the Atlantic ocean

(New York-Paris) using the Spirit of St.Louis

His journey cover 5,815km and took about 33and 1/2 hours. Fly without any navigation

instruments

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There are three common ways for aircraftnavigation.

PILOTAGE

DEAD RECKONING

RADIO NAVIGATION

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Dead Reckoning:

naviga

tion of an aircraf

tsolelybymeans of computations based on time,

airspeed, distance, and direction.

Advantages:

straighter line courses possibleDisadvantages

re uires calculations prior to flight

may be inaccurate as weather changes rapidly on some

casesMore typically, a course is determined and flown by calculationsmade from dead reckoning, and then backed up by pilotageduring the flight

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Radio navigation: the location ofthe airplane isdeterminedbyreferring to instruments such as VOR,ADF, or GPS.

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For En-Route/Cruise, the navigational aidssystem are:

NDB(Non Directional Beacon) & ADF

(Automatic Direction Finding) VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range)

DME (Distance Measuring E uipment)

RADAR(Radio Detection & Ranging) GPS(Global Positioning System)

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For Approach and Landing, thenavigational aids system are:

ILS (Instrument Landing System)

MLS (Microwave Landing System) ALS (Approach Lighting System)

RADAR(Radio Detection & Ranging)

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Aircraft Installations:

Indicator System in the Cockpit

Aircrafts Antenna

Ground InstallationsGround Antenna

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En-Route/CruiseNavigation

LandingNavigation

ILS

MLS

NDB

VOR

DME