Lecture 1 Introduction And Chapter 1 From Levenspiel

Polymer Reaction Engineering

Polymer Reaction Engineering

By

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal

Lecture#1Introduction to Polymer Reaction Engineering

P.E. 304

04/11/23 Polymer & Process Engineering

AgendaAgenda

• Course Goals and Objective

• Week Plan

• Assignment Schedule + Groups• Chapter 1 from Chemical Reaction

Engineering by Levenspiel

04/11/23 2Polymer & Process Engineering

Course Goals and featuresCourse Goals and features

Goals:1. General introduction to reaction engineering

2. Interpretation of Kinetic Data in Batch and Flow system

3. Design equation for batch and flow reactors

4. Polymerization reactions

5. Step growth/condensation polymerization

6. Chain growth/addition polymerization

7. Co-polymerization

8. Polymerization kinetics

9. Molecular weight distribution

10. Design of batch and continuous polymerization process tubular polymerization, stirred tank polymerization


Course Objective:Reaction Engineering is a key course on which process engineering is based. Process Engineers must have a deep insight into reaction kinetics and their practical use in reactor design. The main objective of this course is to make process engineering students able to deal with reactions (simple chemical reactions to Polymerization Reactions) and then to apply this knowledge on scientific and conceptual design of the reactors. A no. of industrially used reactors will be discussed and then designed and students will be asked to design the reactors on some software and present to class.


Week PlanWeek PlanWeek 1

Introduction to Chemical and Polymerization Reaction Engineering, Kinetics of Homogeneous reactions

Week 2

Parts of rate equation and their dependencies + scientific basis of chemical reactions, Problem set 1

Week 3-4

Introduction to Batch Reactors, Analysis of Batch Reactor data through integral methods, Analysis of Batch Reactor data through differential methods, Methods for determination of order of reactions and rate constants, Problem Set 2

Week 5

Introduction Reactor design and some basic concepts and steps involved in reactor design, Types of Reactors,

Week 6

Design of Batch Reactor (Isothermal, adiabatic, constant volume, varying volume) + Problem set 3


Week 7Design of Plug Flow Reactors (Isothermal, adiabatic, constant

volume, varying volume) + Problem set 4

Week 8Design of Mixed Flow Reactors (Isothermal, adiabatic, constant

volume, varying volume) + Problem set 5

Week 9Variations in reactor sequence and comparison between

reactors, To find the best arrangement for ideal reactorsWeek 10-11Designing of various industrial reactors: An introduction to

design strategy and design variables


Week 12Polymerization reactions: Free radical polymerization reactions

and important considerations + Problem set 6Week 13Polycondensation reactions and important considerations

+Problem set 7 Week 14Suspension Polymerization and practical aspectsWeek 15Emulsion Polymerization and Practical aspectsWeek 16Design consideration for batch, mixed flow and CSTR reactors

for polymers, Analysis of reactor data from polymerization reactors


Texts and Reference BooksTexts and Reference BooksTexts:Chemical Reaction Engineering by Octave LevenspielElements of Chemical Reaction Engineering by FoglerChemical Engineering Kinetics by SmithPrinciples of Polymerization Reactions by George OdianChemical Engineering Reactor Design Vol.3 by Coulson & RichardsonPolymer Reaction Engineering by Assua

References:An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design by

C.G. HillsIntroduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering Kinetics by Ronald W.

MissenThe art of Writing reasonable Organic reactions MechanismThe Logic of Chemical SynthesisThe Engineering of Chemical Reactions


AssignmentsAssignments• Class must divide itself into groups containing not more than four

students.• Each group will be assigned a design problem and the time line for

different steps for that.• During lectures, some problem sets will also be given to students

which must be solved within 1 week.• Rewards for Assignments:

Problem Set: 50% marks

Design Assignment: 50% marks


Introduction to Reaction EngineeringIntroduction to Reaction Engineering

• Chemical Reaction Engineering is that engineering activity concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on a commercial scale.

• Its goal is the successful design and operation of chemical reactors.

• It sets chemical/process engineering apart as a distinct branch of the engineering profession.

• Chemical treatment step is the heart of the process, the thing that makes or breaks the process economics.

• Reactor itself may be a very small part of the whole plant but this is the thing that decides what further treatment would be necessary to get better products.


Cont’dCont’d• Every industrial process is designed to

produce a desired product from a variety of starting materials through a succession of treatment steps. e,g


• Reactor design uses information, knowledge and experience from a variety of areas like:

ThermodynamicsChemical KineticsFluid MechanicsHeat TransferMass TransferEconomics

• Chemical reaction engineering is the synthesis o f all these factors with the aim of properly designing a reactor.


What is required?What is required?Three main things are required for designing the reactors properly;

1- Kinetics of what is happening

2- Contacting patterns of the species inside

3- The performance equation and its variables


Reaction ClassificationReaction ClassificationBased on system

1- Homogeneous Reactions

2- Heterogeneous Reactions


Based on Stoichiometry

1- Elementary Reactions

2- Non-Elementary Reactions

Based on Kinetics

1- Single Reactions

2- Multiple Reactions

Rate of Chemical Reaction

1- Definition

2- Ways of loosing chemical Identity


Rate of a ReactionRate of a ReactionRate of reaction is defined as the conversion of a specific reactant per

unit volume per unit time.• Reaction rate is a system dependent definition. e,g see the

followings;1-Based on unit volume of Reacting fluid

2-Based on unit mass of the solid in fluid-solid system

3-Based on unit interfacial Surface in two fluid system or on unit surface of the solid in gas-solid systems


4-Based on unit volume of the

solid in solid-gas system

5-Based on Unit volume of the

reactor if different from the

rate based on unit volume

of the fluid


ResultResult

OR


Speed of Chemical ReactionsSpeed of Chemical Reactions• Different reactions have different speeds depending upon the type

of reacting species. • A general time line has been prepared from extensive experiments

and theoretical work.


Example-1.1Example-1.1


Steps

a. Identify the system (Liquid, gas or solid)

b. Identify the species and reaction

c. Find the volume of the system using conventional formulae

d. Write a rate equation for the reaction

e. Calculate the rate of reaction

f. Compare the results with General Rate Table


Lecture 1 Introduction And Chapter 1 From Levenspiel

Education