Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 1

Online Bioscience Course for IT Professionals

Spring 2010

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 2

Class Mechanics…

• View online video lecture every Monday (1-2 hour)• Comment on video lecture using website discussion board• Attend the online Office Hour on Wednesday at 12 NOON online using tokbox.com and webcam• Online Final Exam given 7/7/2010

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 3

Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 4

Take Homes:

I. What is Life?II. The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life on EarthIII. All Life on Earth is Related via a Common AncestorIV. The “Central Dogma” of Molecular BiologyV. All Life can be Understood in Chemical Terms

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKNZjP9BdCw

The “Big Picture”-an Overview

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 6

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKNZjP9BdCw

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 7

What is Life?:

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This life       laɪf/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[lahyf] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation noun, plural lives       laɪvz/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[lahyvz] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation, adjective –noun

1.the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, reproduction, and the power of adaptation to environment through changes originating internally.

2.the sum of the distinguishing phenomena of organisms, esp. metabolism, growth, reproduction, and adaptation to environment.

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 8

Problems?:

• viruses? Mimivirus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimivirus)

• prions? self replicating proteins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prions)

• non-replicating organisms? Neurons…don’t replicate…

• computer programs?Computer viruses SPORE (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore_(2008_video_game )

• many other examples? Crystals

DNA nanomachines (PMID: 18654284 )

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 9

Alien Life…“The Andromeda Strain”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqGztEExN4Y

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqGztEExN4Y

The Andromeda Strain: It’s a Crystal!

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 11

• CHONPS+”minor contaminants” based…• H2O solvent• self-contained (Cells)• self-replicating• DNA/RNA/PROTEIN/LIPID/CARBOHYDRATE components (“PARTS”)• Adaptive short-term (interacts with environment in “real-time”)• Adaptive long-term (interacts with environment in “deep-time”)

For our Purposes:

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 12

Take Home IWhat is Life?

Terrestrial living systems are all based on carbon compounds and use liquid water. They are self-contained, use macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins to function, and react to and adapt to their environment over the short-term (movement) and also over the long-term (evolution).

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 13

Prokaryote Eukaryote

plant

animal

The Basic Unit of Life on Earth is the Cell-and there are Two Types:

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 14

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Prokaryote=no nucleus

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 15

Eukaryotic Animal Cell Structure

Eukaryote=has a nucleus

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 16

Eukaryotic Plant Cell Structure

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 17

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMrvmZ2i1sE

The “Inner Life” of a Eukaryotic Cell

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 18

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMrvmZ2i1sE

The “Inner Life” of a Eukaryotic Cell

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 19

Size-Eukaryotes are Generally Bigger than Prokaryotes

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 20

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes have Different Genetic Structures as Well…

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 21

Take Home IIThe Cell is the Basic Unit of Life on Earth

There are two types of cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, each of which have very different structures, genetic mechanisms and behaviors yet are composed of mostly the same kinds of biomolecules and have very similar genetic codes…

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 22

from Doolittle, W. Ford (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12751-12753

The Tree of Life:

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 23

Most of modern cell and molecular biology has been derived from the study of about 8 “model” organisms:

• E. coli• Yeast• C. elegans (nematode)• Drosophila (Fruit Fly)• Arabidopsis (plant)• Mouse• Rat• Human

Based on the principle of conservation through evolution,the lessons learned from these “models” are assumed tobe applicable to all terrestrial cells and organisms…there are exceptions however…more on this later…much later…

Model Organisms:

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 24

Take Home IIIAll Life on Earth is Related via a Common Ancestor

All organisms on earth are related by evolution from a common ancestor which existed on Earth about 4-3.5 billion years ago…this fact allows us to use studies of a few “Model” organisms to form the basis for our understanding of all Life…

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 25

The “Central Dogma” of Molecular Biology:

DNA

RNA

PROTEIN

START STOP

TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSLATION

REPLICATIONGENE

CODONS

AMINOACIDS

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 26

The “Central Dogma” in Action:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 27

The “Central Dogma” in Action:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 28

Molecular Biology's Central Dogma-The Movie!(everything to scale)!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkdRdik73kU

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 29

Molecular Biology's Central Dogma-The Movie!(everything to scale)!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkdRdik73kU

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 30

Take Home IVThe “Central Dogma” of Molecular Biology

All known Earth organisms use DNA, RNA and Proteins. These “parts” function according to the so called “Central Dogma” of Molecular Biology…DNA>RNA>PROTEIN

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 31

Proteins act as Enzymes:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbZsXjgPDLQ

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 32

Proteins act as Enzymes:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbZsXjgPDLQ

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 33

Proteins act as Machines:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InIha7bCTjM&feature=related

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 34

Proteins act as Machines:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InIha7bCTjM&feature=related

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 35

Take Home VAll Life can be Understood in Chemical Terms

All known Earth organisms use proteins to accomplish such basic functions as metabolism and movement, and as such all biological activity can be understood in chemical terms

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 36

Next Week:

Biomolecules, Viruses and Cells

More details on the chemicals and molecules that make up cells and viruses…what they look like and how they work…

04/12/23 Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview 37

InstructorMark E Minie PhD

[email protected]