© Fraunhofer ICT generation and storage of renewable energies 1. Introduction Karlsruhe 27.03.2013
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© Fraunhofer ICT
generation and storage of renewable energies 1. Introduction Karlsruhe 27.03.2013
© Fraunhofer ICT
Course: generation and storage of renewable energies
time: Wed 8.00 – 9.15
person: Dr.rer.nat Peter
Fischer diploma in physical
chemistry PhD – thesis in
development of in-situ spectroscopy in PEM – fuel cells
group leader of redox-flow-battery group at Fraunhofer ICT
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installed power of renewable energies in Germany
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Renewable energies in Europe
Images: wikimedia.org
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Renewable energy – where does it come from?
Definition: Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished Basic energy sources are nuclear fission, energy
derived from the sun, energy derived from gravitation and geothermal energy
Images: planet-wissen.de / blockhausbauen.com
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Energy derived from the sun
Most renewable energy sources are related to energy from the sun.The sun is sending ca 125 PW (-> 1 PetaWatt = 1015 Watt) solar power in heat and electromagnetic waves (light) towards earth. Solar energy can be harvested via different techniques: solar energy (solar heat, photovoltaics etc) meteorological energy ( wind energy, wave energy) bio energy (wood, plants etc) water energy (hydroelectric power,
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conventional energy – where does it come from?
Conventional energy is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished
Basic energy sources for nuclear energy are nuclear fission, solar energy, tidal force, geothermal energy
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steam engine
Images: momentmagazin.de / blender.jalbum.net
James Watt1736-1819
Thomas Newcomen1663-1729
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Conversion of energy
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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2. law of thermodynamics
The entropy of an isolated system which is not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value when the system is in equilibrium
In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same (ideal system).
Entropy is a state variable for a reversible (loss free) process whose change at any point in the cycle is defined as: dS = dQ/T
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thermodynamic cycle
Images: codecogs
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carnot cycle
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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stirling cycle
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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otto cycle
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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joule cycle (brayton cycle)
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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summary
Images: http://www.mpoweruk.com/heat_engines.htm
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