Lecture 01

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CS3S05Computer Graphics

1. A Brief History of Computer Graphics

http://www.scg.uwaterloo.ca/~hqle/subdivision/images/Loop/gif/oossd_4.gif

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2. Introduction to the Module

3. Reading Material

Lecture Plan

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1958Analogue graphics used in the movie “Vertigo”

1960Boeing coins the term “Computer Graphics”

1951First Vector Graphics Display Created

1961Steve Russell develops the first ever computer game “Spacewar” on a PDP-1 computer

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History of Computer Graphics...

1962Information International Inc. (“Triple I”)

Animation house created - will later develop technology for CG in movies

1966MAGI (Mathematics Application Group, Inc.) Founded

Apply techniques from radiation transmission to image formation

1967General Electric (GE) create first ever flight simulator for NASA

1963Stephen Coons introduces “Coons Patches”

IBM creates the first CAD system

Hidden line algorithm created at MIT

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1968Intel Founded

John Warnock introduces a hidden surface removal algorithm

1969Xerox-Parc founded - Alan Kay creates first ever GUI (prototype laterused by Apple and Microsoft)

SigGraph founded

1970Pierre Bezier at Renault introduces the Bezier curve

1971Henri Gouraud introduces his method for shading curved surfaces (Gouraud Shading)


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1973Rich Riesenfeld developed B-Spline curves

1974Ed Catmul introduces the Z-Buffer for 3D graphics

1975Phong Bui-Toung introduces Phong illumination - a technique for shading curved surfaces

Mandelbrot introduces fractals

Ed Catmull introduces an algorithm for rendering curved surfaces

Microsoft is Founded


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1976Ed Catmull introduces tweening algorithms

1977LucasFilm division Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) create graphics for Star Wars trench sequence


1978Jim Blinn creates a bump mapping algorithm for advanced texture rendering

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Tom Warnock founds Adobe

Jim Clark founds Silicon Graphics - its hardware is used today in special effects houses around the world


1982ILM create particle effects for Star Trek II - Wrath of Kahn Genesis SequenceMAGI, Triple I, Digital Effects Inc., and Robert-Able Associates all contribute to this landmark animation

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Ohio State University - Devise Skeletal animation technologyThis is now used in many state of the art animation systems today

MAGI introduce digital compositingTom Bringham introduces morphingDon Greenberg presents Radiosity

Disney release seminal CG effects movie TRON


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1983Lance Williams introduces mip-mapping for efficient texture rendering

1987Chris Reynolds introduces his “flocking algorithm” - variants are used for controllinglarge CG crowds in movies

IBM introduces the VGA graphics format prevalent in modern PCs


1986Apple CEO Steve Jobs funds creation of Pixar (a splinter group from LucasFilm)John Lasseter of Pixar directs their first CG short - Luxo Jnr.

ILM creates its own CGI unit

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1988Pixar release Tin Toy CG short - forerunner to Toy Story and patents it’s proprietary rendering system Renderman

ILM use morphing for the first time in “Willow”

1989ILM implement landmark water effects for the film “The Abyss”

1990Newtek release the VideoToaster - technology for low-cost video production

1991ILM use new technology on the film “Terminator 2”Extensive use of motion capture and morphing is used.


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1993ILM implement CG dinosaurs for Jurassic Park - making extensive use of skeletal animation systems.

Babylon 5 Launches and shows how CGI can be used for producing good effects at low cost

1995Pixar releases landmark CG film Toy Story

NURBS surfaces used in contemporary software packages


1997Pixar produce new CG short called “Geri’s Game” . This introduces subdivision surfaces for modelling curved objects.

1994“Doom” popularises 3D texture mapping in video games(real-time animation)

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1998Alias|Wavefront release Maya, an advanced modelling and animation tool

1999Star Wars Episode 1 released with fully CG characters

2000Framestore creates CG dinosaurs for BBC’s “Walking With Dinosaurs”


2001/2002Pixar creates new fur rendering algorithms for CG film “Monsters, Inc.”

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Weta-Digital use their “Massive” system for intelligent flocking/crowd control and rendering for sequences in The Lord of The Rings

2008…Techniques for photorealism, and non-photorealistic rendering continue to be developed. Shader technology has improved significantly along with consumer level graphics hardware.

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• Introduction to Computer Graphics theory and implementation– Modelling– Rendering– Animation

• Focus on OpenGL

• 100% coursework (2 Assignments)


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3. Reading Material

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Books…

“OpenGL Programming Guide. 7th Edition.”OpenGL ARB : D. Shreiner, et al.Addison Wesley 2007. ISBN: 978-0321552624 or… http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/ (older edition)

“Real-Time Rendering. 3rd Edition.”Tomas Akenine-Mőller, Eric Haines & Naty Hoffman A K Peters 2008. ISBN : 978-1568814247

“Real-Time 3D Character Animation with Visual C++”Nik LeverFocal Press, 2002. ISBN: 0-240-51664-8

3. Reading Material and Useful References

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“3D Computer Graphics”Alan WattAddison Wesley. 2000. ISBN: 0-201-39855-9

“3D Games - Realtime Rendering & Software Technology”A. Watt & F. Policarpo.Addison Wesley. 2001. ISBN: 0-201-61921-0

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Journals…

ACM SIGGRAPH annual proceedingsIEEE Computer Graphics and ApplicationsACM Transactions on GraphicsGraphical Models

Magazines…

3D WorldComputer Arts


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Web (some useful links)…

OpenGL Homepagehttp://www.opengl.org

Realtime Rendering Resourceshttp://www.realtimerendering.com/

Microsoft’s OpenGL Resourceshttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd374278(VS.85).aspx

ACM Siggraph homepagehttp://www.siggraph.org/

3D Linkshttp://www.3dlinks.com/

CGSocietyhttp://www.cgsociety.org/


Lecture 01

Documents

computer graphics

reading material

technology

ilm

real

isbn

morphing

introduction