2. Geographic Information System
It is simply geography + Information
It tells you what is where and helps you for better and informed
decisions
+
=
3. Why Use GIS for Disaster Management
Most of the data requirements of disaster management are of spatial
nature
All phases of disaster or emergency management require variety of
data sets from variety of sources
At planning stages, we need to know what is lying where, in what
condition and what are their associated vulnerabilities
For planning, we need to quantify what is the level of risk of
various hazards and what are the elements at risk in any particular
area i.e. a district
During emergency, its critical to have right data at right
time
4. GIS in Emergency Management Phases
Emergency management programs begin with locating and identifying
potential emergency problems. Using a GIS, officials can pinpoint
hazards and begin to evaluate the consequences of potential
emergencies or disasters.
When hazards are viewed with other map data, emergency management
officials can begin to formulate mitigation, preparedness,
response, and possible recovery needs.
GIS can highlight the elements at risk very easily and effectively.
Public safety personnel can focus on where mitigation efforts will
be necessary, where preparedness efforts must be focused, where
response efforts must be strengthened, and the type of recovery
efforts that may be necessary. Before an effective emergency
management program can be implemented, thorough analysis and
planning must be done. GIS facilitates this process by allowing
planners to view the appropriate combinations of spatial data
through computer-generated maps.
5. Applications of GIS in Disaster Management
Preparation and validation of baseline data of geographical
locations of project area and settlements
Preparation of Hazard Maps
Vulnerability assessment
Risk Prediction and Estimation of Loss
Overall Working Area
Location of Human Settlements in Dist. Rajanpur
6. Applications of GIS in Disaster Management
Vulnerability assessment Maps
Risk Prediction and Estimation of Loss
Information Dissemination
7. Some Advanced Application may include:
Simulations and Modeling
Logistics Management
Shortest and optimum routing
8. Common Datasets Required
Administrative boundaries; provinces, districts and tehsils (union
councils if needed), vector data
Human and Situation Data, location of settlements, hazardous
locations, potential of risk and elements at risk including fields,
crops, social infrastructure and buildings i.e. roads and
schools
Satellite images, satellite and aerial photographs showing active
river basins and other land-use features on earth
Pragmatic/Thematic Data, location of hazard by category and their
severity
9. Costs Involved
GIS development always involves huge costs; it need costly software
and sophisticated machines
The above statement is nothing more than a myth
Concept of open source GIS for DM is rapidly emerging now a days
and most of the raster and GIS datasets are available free of
cost.
The need is to learn and explore where we can get right data at
right cost and how sensibly that RAW data can be used for creating
valued product after processing
Some of the required vector and raster data sets can be collected
freely just through a fast internet connection while other might
cost 10-25$ per sq.km
10. Costs Involved
There are various free software packages of GIS available which can
meet our needs well, but more professional range from US$ 3800 for
ArcView to US$16000 for ArcInfo.
11. Facilitated By:
Muhammad Qadeer
Sources of Spatial Data
Date:14th November, 2009
Courtesy:
Dr. Norman Kerle (ITC)
12. Contents
13. How do I go about getting data??
14. Is it that easy???
15. Identify data type needed (depends on questionsasked; e.g.
images, maps, GIS, etc.)
Identification of suitable data is, of course, reliant on your
understanding of both the problem at hand, as well as geo
information science
You have to understand fully what information you require to answer
given questions, what data source can provide it, and how you can
extract it from raw data, and also how to combine that information
with other data sources
Realise that vast amounts of data exist in archives and are
captured by different sensors every day; at the same time we have
to deal with an increasing number of data (and sensor) types
Your understanding of the scientific and technical issues also
allows you to decide the (I) date of acquisition and (II) number of
datasets in question
16. Identify possible cost
Some spatial data can be obtained for free, others are very
expensive
The overall cost depends on several aspects:
Data type and extent of study area
Number of datasets (e.g. need for repeat datasets)
Need for raw or processed (value-added) data
Availability of reference data (e.g. existing GIS databases)
Need for use of commercial image data (Landsat, Ikonos, Quickbird,
etc.)
Need for rapid custom image acquisition
Need for ground crews for collection of additional
information
Need for outside special resources (experts, databases, etc.)
17. Identify relevant source and search for appropriate data
The multitude of available catalogues makes this difficult
Different data types tend to be distributed by different
sources
Some issues:
Raw image data vs. thematic data (e.g. vegetation indices),
catalogues for both (e.g thematic information based on
geoinformatics [disaster databases]
Global vs. regional vs. local data
Sensor type: satellite vs. airborne vs. ground-based
Raster data (images) vs. vector data
Specific data types, such as laser scanning data or digital
elevation data (DEM)
18. Free Data
There are many free datasets available
Rule-of-thumb is that cost goes up with increasing spatial
resolution of image data, and with detail of auxiliary datasets
(maps, GIS layers)
Government-owned sensors are more likely to provide free (or cheap)
data
Cost tends to go down with age of the data
Also try governmental agencies or NGOs in your country for
data
Educational facilities sometimes get access to free data (e.g.
ASTER) scope for collaboration?
Lets look at some sources of free data (though keep in mind that
the list is not complete)
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 30 m resolution for the whole world
GASTER- DEM
24. 25. 4. ASTER - Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer
Flying on board of TERRA since 1999
Excellent 15-channel data
Free for educational use!
Description at http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/
Best place to get data is the Earth Observing System Data Gateway
(you also get many other data types there)
ASTER data can also be used to create digital elevation models
(vertical accuracy of approximately 25 meters, under some
circumstances 11 meters)
On how to so that, see
http://www.pcigeomatics.com/support_center/tech_papers/dem_aster.pdf
Data access: http://edcimswww.cr.usgs.gov/pub/imswelcome/
26. 27. 28. 29. You can also check on GLOVIS:
http://glovis.usgs.gov/
30. Data Preview
31. 5. MODIS - Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer
Flying on board of TERRA and AQUA
36 channels, acquiring data in different spatial resolutions (250,
500 and 1000 m) excellent for synoptic/regional studies (2330 km)
(flooding, forest fires)
Description at http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov
Best place to get data is also the Earth Observing System Data
Gateway, also for free!
Produce a whole suite of standard products, though mostly for
vegetation mapping (see
http://modisland.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/products.asp?ProdFamID=6,
http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/modis/dataproducts.asp)
32. 6. Landsat MSS/TM data 35 years of data
33. 34. 35. Alternatively: USGS Earth Explorer
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
36. 7. SPOT Vegetation
SPOT - Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre
Launched in March 1998, altitude of 820 km
Wide swath of 2200 km, and resolution of 1.165 km
Observes the entire Earth every day
Has an additional band to the standard MS sensor (0.43 to 0.47m)
http://www.spot-vegetation.com/
37. SPOT - Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre
Free SPOT Vegetation products can be obtained from
http://free.vgt.vito.be/
However, these are archived data that are at least 3 months
old
More recent data are available directly from SPOT
38. Other Sources
39. MODIS Images for whole Pakistan (250 m resolution)
http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/
40. GeoCover2000 Data for whole Pakistan
https://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/mrsid.pl
41. Vector datasets for world continents,
42. Countries, 43. 2nd Level Administration Boundaries, 44. Islands, 45. Major Rivers & lakes, 46. Time Zones, 47. Lat/Long and UTM Zones http://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/maj_lakes.ziphttp://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/maj_rivers.ziphttp://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/latlong30.ziphttp://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/latlong2_5.ziphttp://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/countries.ziphttp://maptube.cas.sc.edu/zipped/geog/world/continents.ziphttp://www.cipotato.org/diva/data/misc/world_adm0.zip