1. Facilitated By: Muhammad Qadeer Vulnerability Assessment Date: 17 October 2009 Courtesy: Falak Nawaz (ADPC) 2. "O my Lord! Open for me my chest (grant me self-confidence, contentment, and boldness). "And ease my task for me; "And make loose the knot (the defect) from my tongue, (i.e. remove the incorrectness from my speech) That they may understand my speech. 3. Vulnerability A set of prevailing or consequent conditions which adversely affect the communitys ability to prevent, mitigate, prepare for or respond to hazard event 4. Vulnerability "is insecurity, the reverse of security"; It reflects "the characteristics of a person or group in terms of their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the impact of a natural hazard. It involves a combination of factors that determine the degree to which someone's life and livelihood is put at risk by a discrete and identifiable event in nature or in society" (Blaikie et al). Vulnerability 5. Vulnerability has two components: Exposure to hazard Difficulty (through lack of resources) to cope with, and recover from them The two components reflect: an 'external' side of risks, shocks and stress to which a structure, individual, household, community or nation is subject, and an 'internal' side of lack of resources to cope without damaging loss (from Robert Chambers). Vulnerability 6. Source: Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Toolbox, October 1996, Page 5 7. Vulnerability Assessment A process to identify what elements are at risk per hazard type, and to analyze the root causes of why these elements are at risk 8. Categories of Vulnerability Physical / Material Social / Organizational Motivation / Attitudinal 9. Physical / Material Vulnerability Hazard-prone location of community houses, farmlands, infrastructure, basic services Design and construction materials of houses and buildings Insecure and risky sources of livelihood 10. Physical / Material Vulnerability Lack of access and control over means of production (land, farm inputs, animals, capital) Inadequate economic fall-back mechanisms Dependence on money-lenders Occurrence of acute or chronic food shortage Lack of adequate skills and educational background High mortality rates, malnutrition, occurrence of diseases, insufficient caring capacity 11. Physical / Material Vulnerability Lack of basic services: education, health, safe drinking water, shelter, sanitation, roads, electricity, communication Exposed to violence (domestic, community conflicts ,civil conflicts or war) 12. Social / Organizational Vulnerability Weak family / kinship structures Lack of leadership and initiative to solve problems or conflicts Exclusion of certain groups from decision- making about community life or unequal participation in community affairs Absence or weak community organizations (in formal, governmental, indigenous) 13. Social/Organizational Vulnerability Conflicts: ethnic, class, beliefs, caste, ideology No or neglected relationship with government, administrative structures Isolated from outside world 14. Motivational / Attitudinal Vulnerability Negative attitude towards change Passivity, fatalism, hopelessness, dependency Lack of initiative or fighting spirit Dependence on external support 15. TOOLS FOR CAPACITY & VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Hazard and vulnerability map Transect walk Seasonal calendar Institutional / social network analysis Problem tree Semi-structured interviews Ranking Community drama 16. CDRC - CDP Brgy San Juan Brgy Council Multipurpose Coop Church Peoples Organization RHU Health NGO Disaster Response Agency Coop and Credit Foundation Regional PO Alliance DENR Representative of Mining Company Resources map Historical profile Gendered resource mapping Focus group discussion Livelihood / coping analysis Institutional and social network analysis TOOLS FOR CAPACITY & VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 17. Vulnerability Assessment We should recognize that vulnerability assessment is complex Vulnerability is specific to location, sector, interest group, etc. Vulnerability and poverty are strongly linked 18. Setting Elements At Risk (EAR) Effects on Different EARs Characteristics of EARs That Contribute to Vulnerability Urban Example: People Injured, died, starvation, trauma Age, Gender, physical health, Social, economic & demographic Group Exercise Vulnerability Assessment (Hazard Specific) 19. Setting Elements At Risk (EAR) Effects on Different EARs Characteristics of EARs That Contribute to Vulnerability Rural Vulnerability Assessment (Hazard Specific) 20. Setting Elements At Risk (EAR) Effects on Different EARs Characteristics of EARs That Contribute to Vulnerability Urban People Injured, died, starvation, trauma Age, Gender, physical health, Social, economic & demographic Buildings (houses, others) Partial damage/fully damage Construction materials, design, location, height Infrastructure (roads, bridges, telecommunicat ions, electricity) Partial damage/full damage Size, height/depth, design, materials, level of exposure Industry Damage to building, products, raw materials, machinery, (labor, management) size, type of products, type of raw material, Vulnerability Assessment (Hazard Specific) 21. Setting Elements At Risk (EAR) Effects on Different EARs Characteristics of EARs That Contribute to Vulnerability Rural Crops and fodder Destroyed, put on fire, Height, water dependent / non-dependent Environment Damage to vegetation, harm to flora and fauna, damage to water ways, mountains, etc Terrain type, nature of flora and fauna Land Erosion, salinity, deposits, desertification, Location, elements of soil, terrain Irrigation system Deposit of silt, breaking of channels, damage to machinery (tube-wells, tractor) Location, design, construction materials Animals Injured, died, disease, Location, characteristics of specie, health Vulnerability Assessment (Hazard Specific) 22. Any Question??? Good Question!!! Next Question??
