LECT 1 Intro to IT

8/19/2019 LECT 1 Intro to IT

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Information

• Why Do People NeedInformation?

– Individuals - ntertainment andenlightenment

–Businesses - Decision making!pro"lem solving and control


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Data

• Data is nothing "ut the facts and#gures that record meaningfulevents occurring in an $rgani%ation&

• It is a ra' material 'hich can "eanything like alpha"ets! numerals!sym"ols! audio! video or collection ofall

• It can "e de#ned as a facts related topeople! events or things


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Information

• Information can "e de#ned asprocessed data&

• It is a end product 'hich can "eo"tained after themanipulation(processing of data

• Data can "e processed using

various Instructions• Instruction speci#es 'hat must "e

done 'ith data&


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Data vs& Information

– Data• ) *given!+ or fact, a num"er! a statement! or

a picture

• epresents something in the real 'orld

• The ra' materials in the production ofinformation

– Information

• Data that have meaning 'ithin a conte.t

• Data in relationships• Data after manipulation


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• Data /anipulation

–.ample0 customer survey• eading through data collected from a

customer survey 'ith 1uestions in variouscategories 'ould "e time-consuming and notvery helpful&

• When manipulated! the surveys may provideuseful information.


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arac er s cs oInformation


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Information conomics

• Information economics talks a"outthe cost of information i&e&

• 2o' much should an organi%ationspend forInformation?

• 3ost of Information depends upon0

– 2ard'are

– System Design and Implementation3ost

– $perational cost


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Dimensions of Information• Time Dimension

• Timeliness• 4re1uency

• Time Period

• 3ontent Dimension

• )ccuracy

• elevance

• 3ompleteness

• Scope

• 4orm Dimension

• 3larity• Detail

• $rder

• Presentation

• /edia


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Generating Information

Information can "e generated usingInformation Systems


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What Is a System?

– System0 ) set of components that 'orktogether to achieve a common goal

– Su"system0 $ne part of a system 'herethe products of more than one system

are com"ined to reach an ultimate goal – 3losed system0 Stand-alone system that

has no contact 'ith other systems

– $pen system0 System that interfaces

'ith other systems


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• Information System can "e de#ned as theinteraction of man and machine 'hichgather data and process it to produce

information• It may "e referred as Interrelated

components that manage information to0

• Support decision making and control

• 2elp 'ith analysis! visuali%ation! andproduct creation

What Is an InformationWhat Is an Information

System?System?


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1

Data! Information!an" Systems

Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.


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Systems%

• &'ecuti(e managers)

Strategic "ecisions• *i""+e managers) ,actica+ "ecisions

• -erationa+ managers)

-erationa+ "ecisionsgeare" to/ar" meetingshortterm obecti(es

• onmanagement

/orkers) -ntheob"ecisions

• &'terna+ users)Customers! su+iers!other artners


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• )ctivities in an information system thatproduce information0

• Input

• Processing• $utput

• 4eed"ack

)ctivities of Information)ctivities of Information

System?System?


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DataData and Informationand Information

a' data from a supermarket checkout counter can "e processed and organi%ed to produce meaningful information! suchas the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a speci#c store or salesterritory&


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•Three dimensions ofinformation systems

•$rgani%ations

•People

•Technology

Dimensions of InformationDimensions of Information

SystemsSystems


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• $rgani%ations

• 3oordinate 'ork through structuredhierarchy and "usiness processes

• Business processes0 3e+ate" tasks an"beha(iors for accom+ishing /ork

• &.g. 4u+++ing an or"er

• *ay be informa+ or inc+u"e forma+ ru+es


SystemsSystems


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• People• Information systems reuire ski++e" eo+e to

bui+"! maintain! use them

• &m+oyee attitu"es aect abi+ity to use

systems ro"ucti(e+y• ole of managers

• 8ercei(e business cha++enges

• Set organi9ationa+ strategy

• :++ocate human an" nancia+ resources

• Creati(e /ork) e/ ro"ucts! ser(ices


SystemsSystems


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• Technology

• IT Infrastructure0 4oundation orplatform that information systems "uilt

on• Comuter har"/are

• Comuter soft/are

• Data management techno+ogy

• et/orking an" te+ecommunicationstechno+ogy

• Internet an" #eb! e'tranets! intranets

• ;oice! (i"eo communications


SystemsSystems


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,yes of Information System

• ,ransaction 8rocessing System


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->ce :utomation System• $ce

automation har"/are! soft/are! an" other

resources are use" to faci+itatecommunications an" enhance ro"ucti(ity – Document rocessing systems) Create!

"istribute! store! an" manage "ocuments

– Document management systems


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,ransaction 8rocessing System

• ,ransaction rocessing system)8rocesses an" recor"s "ata create"by an organi9ation?s business

transactions

– $sua++y rocesse" inrea+ time

– Secia+ty systems use"

in +a/ enforcement!the mi+itary! etc.


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,yes of ,8S

– -r"er entry systems

• &commerce systems

• 8ointofsa+e


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system

–) system that provides decisionmakers 'ith preselected information

• =sually provides information in the formof computer-generated reports

– Detailed! summary! e.ception

• /uch of the time! this information isgenerated from data o"tained fromtransaction processing

• /ost fre1uently used to makemoderately structured! middle-management decisions

Systems


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Systems


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2@

Decision suort system


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A0

Decision Suort Systems


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A1


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A2

Systems

t


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AA

systems• Systems designed to 'ork together

throughout an enterprise

– lectronic data interchange >DI0Transfers data "et'een di@erentcompanies using the Internet or anothernet'ork

• $ften used to automate reordering materialsand products

– nterprise resource planning >P0Aarge integrated system that ties

together all of a "usinesss activities• nterprise application integration >)I0

.changing information from an P or otherinternal system among di@erent applicationsand organi%ations


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–3ustomer relationshipmanagement >3/0 Designed

to "uild and manage goodrelationships 'ith customers

• $ften implemented via the We"today >e3/

A


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A5


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A6

System

management >PA/0


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A7

management >PA/0

–$rgani%es and correlates all

information a"out a product tohelp companies improve productsand "etter track costs and pro#ts

• /anages the product as it movesfrom design to retirement

• 2elps companies0

–Improve products

–3reate and manage production

–Eet more products on the market more1uickly

–Increase pro#ts

systems


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AB

systems• $se comuters to automate the

"esign or manufacturing rocess – Comuterai"e" "esign


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A@

system

• ) system in 'hich a computer

performs in 'ays that 'ould "econsidered intelligent ifo"served in humans

•Initial advances in )I made throughchess-playing programs

Systems


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0

Systems• .pert system0 Provides the type of advice

that 'ould "e e.pected from a human e.pert

– Fno'ledge "ase0 Data"ase containing factsprovided "y human e.perts and rules the systemshould use to make decisions "ased on those facts

– Inference engine0 Program that applies the rulesto the data stored in the kno'ledge "ase! in order

to reach decisions

– Is only as good as the kno'ledge "ase andinference engine, also needs honest! correctinformation from the user in order to 'orkcorrectly

:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems


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:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems• Neural net'ork0 ) system in 'hich the

human "rains pattern-recognition process

is emulated "y the computer system – =sed in0

• 2and'riting! speech! and image recognition

• Eeographical mapping

•/edical imaging• 3rime analysis

• Biometric identi#cation

• Gision systems >1ualitychecks in manufacturing!recogni%ing postagestamps! etc&



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A

:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems• o"otics0 The study of ro"ot technology• o"ot0 ) device! controlled "y a human

operator or a computer! that can move andreact to sensory input

• o"ots are used in situations0 – That are dangerous or impossi"le for people to

perform

• Defusing "om"s! mining! ocean e.ploration! etc& – Where immense precision is needed

• o"ot-assisted surgery

– To perform monotonous tasks• Welding! riveting! painting! etc&

– To assist individuals• Personal ro"ots! e.oskeleton suit! etc&

3obots


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3obots


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,echno+ogy in anking


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,echno+ogy in anking

Information systems are no/e'ose" to a number of techno+ogyro"ucts +ike )

9;


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et anking

*obi+e anking

9H


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Shoing

,icket booking

9


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i++ 8ayment

4un" ,ransfer

9J


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:utomate" ,e++er *achines


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,echno+ogy Commencement in

anking • In 70?s! banks starte" to estab+ish centra+i9e" "ata

rocessing centers.

• &ssentia++y the ro+es of these "ata rocessingcenters are)

– co++ect the han"/ritten "ocuments frombranches

– comi+e the "ocuments

– manua+ "ata entry by the oerators

– generate reorts for the bank sta an" thecentra+ bank

– e'ecute some banking transactions


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ranch :utomation

• In B0?s! banks starte" techno+ogyin(estments for the branches.

• ,he rst ste is oine branches.• ,ermina+s connecte" to +oca+ branchcomuter

• Secon" ste is on+ine branches connecte"

centra++y. *ost of the transactions starte"to be erforme" in the centra+ mainframe.


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8ro"uct ase" anking

• In the mi"1@B0s! banks accete" ro"uct base"banking an" comete" /ith their ro"ucts.

• anks "e(e+oe" ne/ ro"ucts for their customers.

– Cre"it car"

– Cre"it "eosit account


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8+astic Car"s

• ,he +astic car" usage gro/n enormous+y in +ast 2"eca"e.

• 8+astic car" became the main me"ia for bankcustomers.


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:,*

• In the mi"1@B0s! that cash "isensers tru+ybecame a /or+"/i"e henomenon.

• o/! :,* became the e+ectronic face ofbanking for most customers.

• esi"e cash /ith"ra/a+! there e'ist (arioustransaction otions from transfer to fun"buyingEse++ing.


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8oint -f Sa+e

• e/ habits in shoing

• Increase" the use of +astic car"s


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:,* an" 8-S :+ication :rchitecture

Creit Car

!uthori"ation

#ebit Car

!uthori"ation

S$itch

System


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I;3

• Interacti(e ;oice 3esonse


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anking :+ication :rchitecture

%oans&Creits

F' (mport ) *+port

#eposit

,-###/F0S Securities

romissoryotes

erchantChe4ues0S *F-

#!%

0atch 5perations

!-

5S

-eletel

-elerom

-eller ,0ranch/

(nternet 0anking

hone 0anking

(nternet Shopping

CCampaign

anagement

Creit isk

anagementrouctivity

C(F rouct Factoryort7olio

anagement

(

F

5

C

*

-

*

Sales SupportSystem

90 :aymentsCS -reasury

Relationship Management

D e l i v e r y S e r v i c e s

Management & Control

eporting

I n f o r m a t i o n D e l i v e r y

Settlement

;% ) !ccounting

Corporate -ables


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Data #arehouse

• &+ectronic reositories of summari9e" historica+ "ata

• ,he main i"ea behin" "ata /arehouse is get a++comany "ata /orking together so users can seemore!+earn more! an" make the organi9ation /ork

better• Data #arehouse he+s users to i"entify tren"s! n"

ans/ers to business uestions an" "eri(e meaningfrom historica+ an" oerationa+ "ata.

• Data access is easier an" +ess cost+y• Decision suort so+utions run faster an" are more

accurate.


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Data #arehouse 8rocess

Design Transform Extract Deliver

Transaction

Data

Extraction

Data

Scrubbing and

Cleansing

oad!

index and

"ggregate

#ublish

and

Subscribe

Data

Mapping

Data

Replication

Data $istories

and

Summaries

Data

"ccess

Tools

Integrated Data %arehouse Infrastructure

#artial

Solution

s

ife

Cycle

Complete

Integrate

d

Solution


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C3*

• C3* is an integrate" sa+es! marketing an" ser(icestrategy

• C3* goa+s are )

– $se e'isting re+ationshis to gro/ re(enue

– $se integrate" information for e'ce++ent ser(ice

– Intro"uce more reeatab+e sa+es rocesses an"roce"ures

– Create ne/ (a+ue an" +oya+ty – Im+ement a more roacti(e so+ution strategy


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,he ,hree 8hases of C3*

"cuire

'e(

Customer

Retain

#rofitable

Customer

Enhance

The

#rofitabilityof Existing

Customer

"daptibility

•%istening•e$ proucts

Differentiation

•(nnovation

•Convenience)undling

•euce Cost•Customer

service


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Integrate" C3* :+ications

Sales *orce

"utomation

Integrated CRM "pplications

#artial

*unction

al

Solutions

ife

Cycle

Complete

Integrate

d

Solution

"cuire Enhance Retain

Direct

Mar+eting

Cross Sell

and ,pSell

#roactive

Service

Customer Support

:+ternati(e De+i(ery


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:+ternati(e De+i(eryChanne+s

:nytime! any/here banking


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,e+ehone anking

• 7'2 banking through the hone

• *ain comonents

– S/itch

– I;3

– C,I


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,e+ehone ankingInfrastructure

Teleco

m

(= C-( :5S-


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Internet anking

Sample (nternet 0anking !rchitecture

• ore an more banks are coming to reali"e that internet is a part o7 banks>

alternative elivery channel strategies activities concentrate in the business?

to?consumer segment 7ocuse on retaining clients

• (n (nternet banking security is a primary concern. Security concerns have

been aresse 7rom every angle $ithin the architecture o7 the (nternet

banking application.


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*obi+e anking

• Current *obi+e anking :+ications)

– S*S anking

– #:8 anking

– S,


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S*S anking

• asic banking inuiry transactions


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#:8 anking

• #ire+ess a+ication rotoco+


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SI* ,oo+kit

• SI* car" enab+es to kee an" +oa" "ierent a+ications.

• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit has been agree" as a GS* stan"ar"

• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit is in"een"ent of honemanufacturers an" "esigns.

• S( !pplication -oolkit allo$s the 7le+ibility to upate the S( to alterthe services an o$nloa ne$ services over the air

• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit is "esigne" as a c+ientser(era+ication. -n the ser(er si"e! SimCar" +atform an" thec+ient si"e! hone that suorts the S( !pplication -oolkit

• (n the near 7uture banks $ill start to o77er banking transactions in

this plat7orm.


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,e+e(ision anking

• Digita+ te+e(ision


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Channe+ Costs


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Channe+ Integration &(o+ution

• Channe+ Integration e(o+ution – 3euse

– &>ciencies of Sca+e

– 3e"uction of 3e"un"ancies


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,he 3o+e of anks in the e/ &conomy

• Internet an" mobi+e "e(ices ha(e brought ne/ru+es to economy an" shae" the /ay to "obusiness

• anks has a+so e(o+(e" accor"ing to the ne/

economy an" took their +aces in this ne/ /or+"to a"" (a+ue to their customer

• ,he ne/ /ays to "o business are )

– ecommerce


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&commerce 2C

• &commerce is the buying an" se++ing of goo"s an" ser(iceson the Internet.

• *ain feature of ecommerce

– 2hour a(ai+abi+ity

– a g+oba+ reach – the abi+ity to interact

– ro(i"e custom information an" or"ering

– an" mu+time"ia rosects!

• ,he #eb is rai"+y becoming a mu+tibi++ion "o++ar source ofre(enue for the /or+"Ks businesses.

• anks ro(i"e secure ayments infrastructure (irtua+ 8-S


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*commerce

• *obi+e commerce a+ications in(o+(e using amobi+e hone to carry out nancia+ transactionsthis usua++y means making a ayment for goo"sor transferring fun"s e+ectronica++y.

• :s content "e+i(ery o(er /ire+ess "e(icesbecomes faster! more secure! an" sca+ab+e! thereis /i"e secu+ation that mcommerce /i++ surass/ire+ine ecommerce as the metho" of choice for

"igita+ commerce transactions.

2


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2

• : housan"s of comanies that se++ ro"ucts to othercomanies ha(e "isco(ere" that the #eb ro(i"es not on+ya 2houra"ay sho/case for their ro"ucts but a uick /ayto reach the right eo+e in a comany for moreinformation.

• In the 2! the bank ro+e is to ro(i"e a re+iab+e aymentinfrastructure that a"" (a+ue to cororate business

• ,his infrastructure shou+" co(er)

– i++ resentment

– i++ ayment – Dierent ayment tyes


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&Security

• ,o imro(e the ebusiness! a++ the users shou+" fee+ secure toerform the transaction this en(ironment

• ,he main concets in esecurity are)

– 8I


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&Security continue"

– Digita+ certicate is an e+ectronic Lcre"it car"L that estab+ishes yourcre"entia+s /hen "oing business or other transactions on the #eb. It isissue" by a certication authority


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LECT 1 Intro to IT

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