Lec0 Computer Architecture by Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee Georgia Tech ECE -- Introduction

ECE 4100/6100 Advanced Computer Architecture

Lecture 0 Introduction

Prof. Hsien-Hsin Sean LeeSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology

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Course Information• Instructor: Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee ([email protected])• Office: TBD• Online resources:

– www.ece.gatech.edu/~leehs/ECE6100– Constantly updated, check it out regularly– www.tsquare.gatech.edu

• Prerequisite: ECE3055 Computer Organization and Operating System or the equivalent. • Textbook

– Hennessy and PattersonHennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (44thth edition edition), Morgan Kaufmann, 2006. – ((Recommended) Jean-Loup Baer) Jean-Loup Baer, Microprocessor Architecture --- From Simple Pipelines to Chip Multiprocessors. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.

• Other teaching materials – Key papers available later in class meetings and course web– Slides & Lectures

Pre-requisite

Textbook

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Course Scope To Learn • Core concept of modern microprocessor

architecture• ISA, performance• Instruction-Level parallelism• Branch prediction and Front-end fetch• Dynamic HW Scheduling Techniques• Memory Hierarchy• Multiprocessors, SMT, Multi-core, Many-core• Cache Coherence and Memory Consistency

Models• Case studies of Commercial Microprocessors • VLIW, EPIC, Static Scheduling • Physical design, emerging trend, technology

integration (if time allowed)

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This course requires a lot of time commitment

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BY THE WAY

This is not really an “Advanced” Computer Architecture class per se

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Grading• 4 Programming Assignments: 60%

– Individual work, no collaboration– TA’s check-off required– Could cause panicking, heartburn, dizziness,

etc.

• Exams – One in-class exams: 15% – One final exam: 25%

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Stack of A Computing ProblemProblems

AlgorithmsProgramming Languages

CompilersISA

MicroArchitecture

System ArchitectureImplementation

Logic and Circuits

Transistors

Manufacturing

Architects’Territory

Apps Trend

TechnologyTrend

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Moore’s Law (a.k.a. Intel’s Roadmap)

Exponential growthExponential growth

42millions

2,250

10 μm13.5mm2

1.7 billionsMontecito

90 nm596 mm2 2

billionsTukwila

65 nm698 mm2

Source: Intel Corp.Source: Intel Corp.

3 billionsNvidia Fermi

@40nm

3.9 billionsAltera Stratix

FPGA @28nm

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Feature Size

Feature size shrinks by 70% per 18 to 24 months

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Feature Size (More Recent)

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Transistor Cost

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Power Density Trend

leakddstdddd IVIVfCVP 2

Source: Intel Corp.

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Google Server Farms (Oregon)

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Heat Dissipation

3D Cooler Pro

Pure copperCooler

jetCooligy’s channel

Source: K. Skadron

Cooking-Aware (or Colwell’s Charcoal-aware) ComputingPS3 Grill

(http://www.therealps2grill.com

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Watch thisClick the chip

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Focus on Computer Architecture

ComputerArchitecture

Technology ProgrammingLanguages

OperatingSystems

History

Applications

(A = F / M)

instruction set

software

hardware

Virtualization

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Instruction Sets

High Performance

Servers

Desktop, Notebook

PC

EmbeddedProcessors

Market Segments

x86PPC Atom

ARMMIPS SH

x86

X86, Itanium, Sparc, Alpha

Present

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Constantly Changing Definition• 50s to 60s: Computer Architecture ~ Computer

Arithmetic

• 70s to mid 80s: Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers

• 90s: Speculation: Predict this, predict that; memory system; I/O system; Multiprocessors; Networks

• 2000s: Power efficiency , Communication, On-die Interconnection Network, Multi-this, Multi-that. (We are here)

• 2015 and beyond: Thousand-core processors, Self adapting systems? Self organizing structures? DNA Systems/Quantum Computing?

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Job Description of a Computer Architect

• Used to be “Performance, performance, performance”• Make trade-off of performance, complexity

effectiveness, power, technology, cost, etc.

New Fads• Availability

– Where you store your photos, emails and shared docs today?– Cloud computing

• Reliability– Toyota blamed soft errors for the sudden acceleration

problem• Security

– Intel acquired McAfee• Power management

– It is about money !

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Job Description of a Computer ArchitectUnderstand application requirements

– General purpose Desktop (Intel, AMD)– Game and multimedia (STI’s Cell, Nvidia, Wii,

Xbox 360)– Embedded and real-time (ARM, Atom, MIPS)– Online transactional processing (OLTP), data

warehouse servers (Sun Fire T2000 (UltraSparc T1), IBM POWER (p690), Google Cluster)

– Scientific (finite element analysis, protein folding, weather forecast, defense related (DE Shaw Anton, IBM BlueGene, Cray T3D/T3E, IBM SP2)

– Sometimes, there is no boundary …