Learning Theories and ICT Prepared for Dr. Simin Ghavifekr Madam Hazline Mahmood (Hazel) PGD 120003 PXGM6106 Information Technology In Educational Management 26 th September 2013
Nov 13, 2014
Learning Theories and ICT
Prepared for
Dr. Simin Ghavifekr
Madam Hazline Mahmood (Hazel) PGD 120003
PXGM6106 Information Technology In Educational Management
26th September 2013
PRESENTATION OUTCOMES
d
iscuss Learning Theories & ICT applications1.B
ehaviourist Theory2.C
ognitive TheoryI
nformation processingC
onstructivist
define ISD (Instructional System Design) & describe at least one ISD Model
EFFECTIVE LEARNING
Which Theory used in e-Learning?
BEHAVIOURIST THEORY
L
earning as ‘conditioning’: behaviour as responses to stimuli – an individual
responds to a stimulus by behaving in a particular way
R
einforced by reward/punishment & link to motivation: E/I C
omputer-based ‘instructional’ programmes: learning broken down into small chunks; input - ‘drill-and-practise’; test - feedback
Believes : Repetition beneficial/essential
Computer doesn’t get bored
Non-judgemental feedback
Individualisation possible
COGNITIVE: INFORMATION PROCESSGARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
1. Visual – Pictures & images2. Linguistic – Words3. Logical & Mathematical –
Numbers & Reasoning4. Musical – Tone, Rhythm &
Timbre5. Bodily & Kinaesthetic – Body,
Hands6. Naturalistic – Environment7. Interpersonal – Social
understanding8. Intrapersonal – Self knowledge
COGNITIVE: CONSTRUCTIVISM(PIAGET)
S
tages of mental development
(concrete
to abstract; sequential; age related)
A
ssimilation (new information fitted into existing mental model)
A
ccommodation (new information modifies the existing mental model)
I
ndependent learner
VYGOTSKY: SOCIAL ‘INTERACTIVISM’/ SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
L
earning in a socio-cultural environment
I
mportance of language (especially talk or reflection)
‘
Significant others’ who are more knowledgeable
Z
one of Proximal Development (ZPD) (explore new territory by yourself
compared to being shown round by a guide with local knowledge)
Which Theory used in e-Learning?
ICT & LEARNING THEORIES
ICT may be seen as mediating learning , Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Impact on roles and relationships:
teacher-pupil
pupil-teacher
pupil-pupilI
CT shifts the balance of power
Emergence of Instructional System Design (ISD)
Instructional System Design(ISD)
I
SD is unique simply because it is both a science and an art.
A “science because it is rooted in learning theories…
and an art because the designing of instructional materials
is a highly creative process”.
(
Moore, Bates & Grundling, 2002, p.71)
ISD- a set of Theories which sorts out Learning Resources so that Learning Outcomes are better achieved and are done so at a faster rate.
It
answers these questions:-
1.What
occurs during the learning process?
2.What
influence learning?
3.How
does learning facilitated?
4.How
does memory play a part in information transfer?
ISD MODEL 1:ADDIE
ISD MODEL 2: ASSURE
ISD MODEL 3: SPIRAL
CONCLUSION
Basic Learning Theories are:
1.
Behaviorism
2. Cognitivism-I
nformation Processing-C
onstructivism (Almost all e-
Learning is based on this theory)
I
SD is a set of Learning Theories which sort out learning resources (ICT) so that learning is
enhanced.
A
DDIE, ASSURE & SPIRAL are examples of ISD models.