Learning Targets • I Can…Analyze reasons for the mistreatment of Native Americans • I Can…. Identify racism and reasons for prejudice and discrimination. • I Can…. Summarize the conflicts between Americans and Native Americans as a result of the need for land.
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Learning Targets I Can…Analyze reasons for the mistreatment of Native Americans I Can…. Identify racism and reasons for prejudice and discrimination. I.
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Learning Targets
• I Can…Analyze reasons for the mistreatment of Native Americans
• I Can…. Identify racism and reasons for prejudice and discrimination.
• I Can…. Summarize the conflicts between Americans and Native Americans as a result of the need for land.
Jackson’s Native-American Policy
• Yesterday You Learned: Jackson’s election in 1828 opened up a new era of popular democracy.
• Today You will Learn: Native Americans were forced to move west of the Mississippi River under Jackson’s Native American Policy
Native Americans Forced West
• What should be done with the Native Americans?
• Southeast Tribes: Should they Assimilate or Move?
• * Whites thought of Native Americans as “uncivilized” or “savages”
East of the Mississippi
• By the 1820s 100,000 Native Americans lived East of the Mississippi River, most of them in the Southeast
• Whites called them the “Five Civilized Tribes” because they had adopted many aspects of white culture. They are the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.
• Sequoya= Cherokee Alphabet• Cherokee Newspaper• Attended Missionary Schools• 1827 Cherokee Constitution based on the U.S.’s
Jackson’s Removal Policy• Supported moving Native Americans west
of Mississippi
• Gave Native Americans two Choices:• Assimilate & become U.S. citizens• Move West
• Couldn’t have own government within U.S. borders
Gold
• 1828 Gold was discovered on Cherokee land in Georgia
• Georgia and other Southern states passed laws that they had the right to take over Native American’s land
Submit or Move!!!
• Indian Removal Act of 1830:
• The act called for the U.S. to negotiate treaties to require Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi
• Strong Opposition: Quakers & Congressman Edward Everett from Massachusetts (pictured right)
• “inevitable suffering” would be “incalculable”
Indian Territory
• Treaties negotiated to exchange current lands for land in OK, KS,& NE
• 1831: Choctaw & other tribes move west
• Cherokee appeal to Supreme Court
• 1832 Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Marshall, ruled GA law didn’t apply to the Cherokee
• Jackson said, “…let him enforce it!”
Trail of Tears
• Forced removal & march in 1838 by federal troops of 16,000 Cherokee west of the Mississippi
• Gen Winfield Scott leads them
• ¼ die along the way
The Indian Removal Act
Indian Resistance
• 1838 Cherokee, Tsali, struggled to escape with his family & 2 U.S. soldiers die
• U.S. govt. agreed to allow other Cherokee to stay if Tsali and his sons came in.
• Surrendered & all were executed except his youngest son
Seminoles of Florida
• 1835 Seminoles refused to leave, “Second Seminole War”
• Leader Osceola, hid in the Everglades, surprise tactics on U.S. Army
• 1837 Osceola was tricked and captured, died in prison
• Some moved deeper into the Everglades and live there today