Learning How do we learn through our environment? Classical Conditioning – Neutral stimulus acquires ability to produce a response Operant Conditioning – Consequences increase or decrease the likelihood of a response Social Learning / Cognitive Learning (Modeling) Instincts
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Learning How do we learn through our environment? Classical Conditioning – Neutral stimulus acquires ability to produce a response Operant Conditioning.
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Transcript
Learning
How do we learn through our environment? Classical Conditioning – Neutral stimulus acquires
ability to produce a response
Operant Conditioning – Consequences increase or decrease the likelihood of a response
Social Learning / Cognitive Learning (Modeling)
Instincts
What is Classical Conditioning? (Pavlov)
Neutral Stimulus (NS) – causes a sensory response but does not produce the reflex
Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS) – triggers a physical response
Unconditioned Response (UCR) – Unlearned reflex
What is Classical Conditioning? (Pavlov)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – Same as neutral stimulus; now produces a response
Conditioned Response (CR)– Similar to the UCR, but lesser in size & amount
Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning
We learn to associate two stimuli
Two related events:
Lightning
Stimulus 1
Thunder
Stimulus 2
Result after repetition
We see lightning
Stimulus
We wince anticipatingthunder
Response
Pavlov’s Classic Experiment
Before Conditioning
During Conditioning After Conditioning
UCS (foodin mouth)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
Nosalivation
UCR (salivation)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
UCS (foodin mouth)
UCR(salivation)
CS(tone)
CR (salivation)
Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients
UCS(drug)
UCR(nausea)
CS(waiting room)
CS(waitingroom) CR
(nausea)
UCS(drug)
UCR(nausea)
What is Operant Conditioning ?(Skinner)
Rewards/Punishments determine behavior
Reinforcements – increase the likelihood of a response
Punishment – decreases the likelihood of a response
What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect ?
Random
actions followed by reward are strengthened and will recur
Can any stimulus result in conditioning?
Generalization – Similar stimuli elicit same response (Little Albert Example)
Discrimination – Only certain stimuli will elicit response
Does conditioning last forever?
Extinction – CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS and eventually will no longer elicit the CR
Spontaneous Recovery – The CR reappears even after an absence of conditioning trials