Slide 1
Republic of the PhilippinesMINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF
EDUCATIONGeneral Santos cityMODULE 2COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE
TEACHINGLesson 2: The LearnerEd107 MTh 9:00-10:30Principles &
Methods of Teaching
Presented to:Ava Clare Marie O. Robles, Ph.D.
KIMPEE I. BLAHINGBSEd Biology 3rd Yr.1st Semester 2013
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MODULE 2:COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING
Lesson 2:The LearnerDefinition and theories of learningStudents
Learning StyleTheory of Multiple Intelligences
is a subject of the schooling process. Without him, the
educational system will not exist. The learner is a person who is
receiving instruction or lessons from a particular teacher.The
Learner To make Teaching effective and learning productive, the
teacher must now the nature of the childAcero, Victoria, et.al.
(2000). Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore
Publishing. Manila, Philippines
To understand the child teacher must know:
The child is a biological organism with needs, abilities, and
goals;The social and psychological environment; andThe cultural
forces of which he is part.Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000).
Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore Publishing.
Manila, Philippines
Learning TheoriesHelps explain how people learn, and therefore
serves as a guide for classroom teachersDefinition and theories of
learningAcero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development,
and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningBehaviorism
Behaviorism also is called traditional learning theory.Holds
that learning is what changes behaviour and thus causes
development.Behaviourists believed that human beings of all ages
learn about the world in the same way that other animals do. By
reacting to the features of their environments that they find
pleasing, painful and threatening
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningBehavioristsIvan Pavlov
Classical Conditioninga kind of learning to which a person or
animal learns a response to a stimulus that did not originally
elicit that response; after the stimulus is repeatedly associated
with another stimulus that does ordinarily evoke the response
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
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Definition and theories of learningBehaviorism
B.F. Skinner Operant Conditioningis a kind of learning in which
a person or animal continues to make a response because the
response has been reinforced (strengthened) or stops making the
response because it has been punishedAcero, Victorina, et.al.
(2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore,
Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningBehaviorism
John B. Watsonwas the first behaviorist to apply
stimulus-response theories to the study of child development.Acero,
Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Edward Thorndike ConnectionismLearning is explained by bond of
connections that are formed between the stimulus and response or
s-r bond.All mental processes consist of the acquisition of
connections between stimuli and response.Definition and theories of
learningBehaviorism
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
HumanismHumanistic perspective views people as able to take
charge of their lives and foster their own development.Definition
and theories of learning
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Emphasizes peoples potential for positive, healthy development
through exercise of the distinctively human capacities for choice,
creativity and self-realization.HumanismDefinition and theories of
learning
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Proponent of Humanism:Carl Rogersaccording to him, all humans
are born with drive to achieve their full capacity and to behave in
ways that are consistent with their true selves Definition and
theories of learning
HumanismAcero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth,
Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila,
Philippines.
HumanismDefinition and theories of learning
Proponent of Humanism:Abraham Maslowbelieved that people strive
for self actualization, the ultimate state of personal
fulfilment.Definition and theories of learning
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningMaslow theorized that all
people are motivated to fulfil the hierarchy of needsAcero,
Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive
Learning Theories include:
1. Gestalt Psychology Insight TheoryAdvocated the learning by
insight.In problem solving and learning situations, a sudden
solution is characterized by high understanding, good retention and
high transferAcero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth,
Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila,
Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive
Learning Theories include:
1. Gestalt Psychology Insight TheoryIn psychotherapy, insightful
learning is the illumination or bringing to awareness of motives,
relationships, feelings, impulses, etc. Which previously had been
poorly understood or of which the subject was totally
unaware.Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development,
and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive
Learning Theories include:
1. Gestalt Psychology Insight TheoryIn normal individual,
insightful learning means the self-understanding and awareness of
ones major motivations, desires and feelings.Acero, Victorina,
et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex
Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
Definition and theories of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive
Learning Theories include:
2. Edward Chase Tolman - Purposive BehaviorismBlending of
Gestalt and behaviorismThe chief characteristic of molar behavior
(large, intact, meaningful behavior patterns is that it is
purposive, it is always directed toward the some goal.Acero,
Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
2. Albert Bandura Observational LearningDefinition and theories
of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive Learning Theories
include:
Also called social learning theory, occurs when an observers
behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model.Holds that
learner in particular, learn by observing and imitating models
(like their parents, teachers, and other influential personsAcero,
Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
4. Jean Piaget Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentDefinition and
theories of learningCognitive ApproachCognitive Learning Theories
include:
Stages of development - sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete
operational and formal operational Assimilation and
accommodationChildren must do to learnConflict must occur for
learning to occurAcero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth,
Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila,
Philippines.
Students Learning StyleWhat is a learning style?The way that he
or she concentrates on, processes, internalizes, and remembers new
and difficult information or skills.Dr. Rita Dunn, St. Johns
University
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors
that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners
perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning
environment.James W. Keefe Students Learning StyleWhat is a
learning
style?Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Students Learning StyleLearning Style - In Simple Terms
Physiological Elements
Cognitive ElementsAffective
ElementsConceptualUnderstandingChildren learn through a combination
of these elements: PhysiologicalCognitiveAffective
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Physiological Elements
Physiological elements are primarily biologically-based and vary
depending on the learners reaction to the physical environment.
Environmental ElementsEmotional ElementsSociological
ElementsPhysical Elements.
Physiological Elements
Cognitive ElementsAffective
ElementsConceptualUnderstandingSource:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Cognitive ElementsBrain DominanceConceptual TempoMind
stylesPsychological DifferentiationModalityMultiple
Intelligences
Physiological Elements
Cognitive ElementsAffective ElementsConceptualUnderstanding
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Brain DominanceWhat is the way in which the brain analyzes
information?AnalyticalGlobal IntegratedConceptual
TempoImpulsiveReflexive
MindstylesConcrete SequentialAbstrate Random
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Psychological DifferentiationModalityMultiple
IntelligencesVisualAuditoryTactileKinestheticField DependenceField
IndependenceSource:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
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Affective ElementsAffective elements are the motivational forces
within a learner typically viewed as stimulating and guiding
behavior.Conceptual LevelPsychological Types
Physiological Elements
Cognitive ElementsAffective
ElementsConceptualUnderstandingSource:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Conceptual LevelHighThese students are more independent. They
enjoy individual projects, problem solving, and a choice of
assignments.LowThese see environment as fixed and rigid. They are
not able to look at alternative solutions to problems.
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Psychological TypesThinkerThese learners are more objective and
reason logically their decisions.SensorThese learners relate best
to the real world and concrete experiences.FeelerThese learners
make decisions based more on their emotions and insight than
reason.IntuitorThese learners relate to the world through
intuition. They are more global and more apt to dislike detailed
work.
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
The Theory ofMultiple Intelligencesthe ability to create an
effective product or offer a service that is valued in a
culture;
a set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve
problems in life;
the potential for finding or creating solutions for problems,
which involves gathering new knowledgeFor Gardner, intelligence
is:Source:http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html
Logical-Mathematical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Musical
Linguistic
Multiple Intelligences
NaturalisticVisual-spatial
http://www.slideshare.net/verovera78/multiple-intelligneces-final?from_search=7
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http://www.slideshare.net/verovera78/multiple-intelligneces-final?from_search=7
REFERENCES:
Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000). Principles and Strategies of
Teaching. Rex Bookstore Publishing. Manila, Philippines
Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and
Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila,
Philippines.childrensministry. Learning Styles. Retrieved on
Saturday 21June 2013 at
http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
Howard Gardnerss Multipple Intelligence. Retrieved last June 30,
2013 Sunday
fromhttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html
Keesee, Gayla. Learning Theories & the Net Generation.
Retrieved on Sat 22 June 2013
athttp://www.slideshare.net/gskeesee/learning-theories-341414?from_search=1
Salandanan, Gloria G.(2009). Methods of Teaching. Lorimar
Publishing,Inc., Metro Manila, Philippines
Vera, Veronica. Multiple intelligences. Retrieved last Saturday
June 22, 2013
athttp://www.slideshare.net/verovera78/multiple-intelligneces-final?from_search=7