Learn Sap Query

SAP Query

Many times a need arises for SAP Users and Functional Consultants to generate quick reports without getting any ABAP coding done – time taken to complete the coding in development, transport and test it in QA system and then transport to production – is sometimes too long. In such cases, SAP query is a tool provided by SAP for generating these kinds of reports.

The SAP Query application is used to create reports not already contained in the default. It has been designed for users with little or no knowledge of the SAP programming language ABAP. SAP Query offers users a broad range of ways to define reports and create different types of reports such as basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists.

These outputs can include lists on screens in table format, ALV grids, downloadable spreadsheets, and downloadable flat files. The internal report generator creates an ABAP program corresponding to the definition of the list.

WHAT IS SAP QUERY?

SAP Query Modes

QUERY MODES?

SAP Query

Quick viewer Query

Quick Viewer is a simplified version of SAP Query and is intended for beginning users. A main difference between the QuickViewer and the SAP Query is that QuickViewer reports are user-dependent, which means only the person who creates them can use them. SAP Queries, on the other hand, are assigned to one or more user groups.

Creation of SAP Query

QUERY AREASQuery AreasA query area contains a set of query objects (queries, InfoSets, and user groups) that are discrete and consistent.There are the following query areas:

Standard area Global area

Global Area1.Cross client2.Query objects are attached to workbench organizer

Advantage:-The global query area is well suited for centrally developing queries meant for use and distribution throughout the system.

Standard Area1.Client specific2.Query objects are not attached to the Workbench Organizer

Advantage :-End users can develop queries (ad-hoc reports) in their own client that are not meant for use in the rest of the system.

Global Area

Standard Area

Creation of SAP Query

CREATE USER GROUP

User Group Components

The User Groups component is used to maintain user groups. The system administrator uses it to set up the work environment for end-users.

Every user assigned to the user group is able to execute the query. Users are not allowed to modify queries from other user groups, although they may, under certain circumstances, copy and execute

USER GROUP

User Group

CREATE USER GROUP (T-CODE: SQ03)

Name of User Group

Create Button

Group Description

User Group

CREATE USER GROUP (T-CODE: SQ03)

Name of User Group

User

Assig Infoset

Infoset

INFOSET

Infoset Components

INFOSET

InfoSets are special views of data sources.

An InfoSet describes which fields of a data source can be reported on in queries.

InfoSets are assigned to user groups.

End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their particular area, as designated by the role or user group that they are assigned to.

Eg: Vendor master data can be important in purchasing as well as in accountancy. The relevant InfoSet is assigned to both roles/user groups. This means that queries based on this InfoSet can be copied and executed by both groups.

Infoset Components

SDTABELSKONV Conditions for Transaction Data KONP Conditions for Items LIKP Delivery Header DataLIPS Delivery: Item dataVBAK Sales Document: Header DataVBAP Sales Document: Item DataVBBE Sales Requirements: Individual RecordsVBEH Schedule line historyVBEP Sales Document: Schedule Line DataVBFA Sales Document FlowVBLB Sales document: Release order dataVBLK SD Document: Delivery Note HeaderVBPA Sales Document: PartnerVBRK Billing: Header DataVBRP Billing: Item DataVBUK Sales Document: Header Status and Administrative Data

VBUP Sales Document: Item StatusVEKP Handling Unit - Header TableVEPO Packing: Handling Unit Item (Contents)VEPVG Delivery Due Index

Infoset Components

TABLES & THEIR RELATIONS

Getting Table or Filed Info from Document

Open Required Document and Press F1 to get information of the Required Field

Press Technical Information Button to get the technical information

Press Technical Information Button to get the technical information

Creation of Infoset

Name of Infoset

Name of a table listed in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

Name of Infoset

Click on

Join Table For Infoset Records

Check link conditionJoin Table

Check link condition

Selection of Recrods

Choose your required field group

Selection of Recrods

Move Selected fields into these group folders

List of Selected Tables

Press Button to Create infoset

Assign User Group to Infoset Query

User Group

Press Role/User Group Button For Assignment

CREATE QUERY

Press Create Button to create the query report

Name of Query

Selection & Save the Report

Selected Fields for Infoset into field groupSelect Required Fields

Name of Infoset Query

Description of infoset

Press OK Button

Setting Of Report Output

Type of Output

Saving Query

OUTPUT

Totals

Different Layout and Sub Totals

Different Layout, Sub Totals & Grand Total

List Viewers

Adding field & Group

Adding local field

SAP Query Modes

CREATING T-CODE OF REPORT

Creation of T-code using SE-93

SAP Query Modes

QUICKVIEWER QUERY

QUICK VIEWER (T-CODE: SQVI)SAP Menu Tools ABAP Workbench Utilities SQVI QuickViewer

Title: For Report Title, we should put in a meaningful name that will show on our final report. Comments: Comments to explain the purpose of the report are (optional). Data Source: we need to define where the information we want to process is coming from. There are four options

Table: This is the simplest form and provides you with all fields of a table (for example, VBAK for Sales Document Header data).

• Table join: With the table join, we can link multiple SAP tables together. Note: We cane use transparent tables in the join like VBAK, VBAP but not pool or cluster tables (such as KONV).

• Logical database: SAP provides a hierarchical structure of tables in the form of logical databases (for example, “VAV” for sales document data), which can be used as a data source for a QuickViewer.

• SAP Query InfoSet: we can save our own definition of tables and their respective fields in InfoSets, which can then repeatedly be used as a data source for the Quick Viewer.

QUICK VIEWER (T-CODE: SQVI)SAP Menu Tools ABAP Workbench Utilities SQVI QuickViewer

From this screen we can create, change, or display as well as execute the QuickViewer report. All QuickViewer reports will be showen under the user name.

Enter the name for query and click on Create.

CREATING QUERY WITH SINGLE TABLE

Basis Mode

LAYOUT MODES

Now you can choose two modes to edit the Query.BASIS MODEThis mode lists down the tables and all the fields, in which you can choose the fields you want as selection and the fields you would like to display.

Layout Mode

LAYOUT MODEThis is a much modern and easy approach to creating a report. Here you can select the fields for selection and listing as a check / uncheck and put them in a layout which is more like a WYSWYG.1

LAYOUT MODES

SAP Query

We can see that the “List fld. Select.” Shows two tables. One in which the fields to be listed in the report are shown and the other in the right, which has all the fields available in the table. I have selected three fields, andmoved it from left to right, which means that if I run the query, it would list down all the sales documents with creation date and the person name who has created it.

Click on the button to run the query

Result of Quickviewer Report

As we have not given any selection fields, the only selection option provided to us is the layout. Let proceed running the query using Execute button.As there are no selection options, there may be number of records to process. To optimize this, the system brings up a box to determine the number of records to be processed. Let us leave it as it is and press enter or select .Now the records are displayed and our fields are columns with values filled in from table VBAK.

TILE OF REPORT

SAP Query With Selection Screen

QUICKVIEWER QUERY WITH SELECTION

SAP Query With Selection Screen

Click on the button to run the query

Now there is a selection screen which looks like this

Output

Query with multiple tables

QUERY WITH MULTIPLE TABLES

Type your required Ist Table Names

Type your required 2nd Table Names

Enter Report Name, Report Title. Type Comments if required

The two tables are displayed with the linking factor or the key linking field. VBELN is the field in these tables which links these two tables

USING SIMPLE SELECTION SCREEN FOR SELECTION FIELDS

Creating Selection Parameters

Now as there are two tables, let us look at using the Simple selection screen for selecting the fields for listing and selection.

Now run the query by clicking

Output of Report

This is the selection screen and the selection variable as we selected is the “Sales document” number. Enter a sales document number, or just leave it blank for testing. Click on Execute Button.

The number of data which will be fetched will be restricted to 100. We can change this number, but fetching from the table is a very resource consuming process, for testing purposes, keep your number as low as possible.

QUERY EXECUTED - REPORT

The data which we requested was Sales Document number from VBAK (Sales Document – Header) Item Number and Material from VBAP (Sales Document – Item).

SETTING EXECUTION VARIANTS

If we have many fields for selection and would like to fix some standard values for it while execution, we can do that by making Variants.

While executing the query, on the selection screen enter the desired values and click on Save Button instead of clicking execute.

Select a name for your variant and save it

Our variant is now saved. Every time , when we run the query, we will have a new button for variant selection. We can createas many variants as we want.

GENERATING PROGRAM

Generation of Program

All Queries which you have created appear only inside your login, which means that others don’t have access toyour Query database. If you want to share your queries with others, then the only way to do it is to generate a program out of the query which you created..

On the QuickViewer Initial Screen, from the menu Select Additional Functions > Generate Program