Learn Rails

8/11/2019 Learn Rails

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JF M Q GF Ruby on Rails tutorial 1.b12 (prerelease) 31 August 2013

Daniel Kehoe


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Is It for You?

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What To Expect

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concernshttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://api.rubyonrails.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patternhttp://api.rubyonrails.org/http://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/what-is-ruby-rails.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93View%E2%80%93Controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)https://github.com/https://github.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93View%E2%80%93Controller


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Stacks

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)http://37signals.com/http://37signals.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)


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http://www.meetup.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathonhttp://workshops.railsbridge.org/http://railsgirls.com/http://www.pairprogramwith.me/http://rubypair.com/http://www.letspair.net/http://www.letspair.net/http://rubypair.com/http://www.pairprogramwith.me/http://railsgirls.com/http://workshops.railsbridge.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathonhttp://www.meetup.com/


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting_Things_Donehttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_lanehttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttps://trello.com/https://trello.com/http://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development)http://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting_Things_Done


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Agile Methodologies

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> QGM\N GL FGM H GHD LG F < LG J HJG L E F J, QGM KE F E FL KG>LO J L L KMHHGJLK L EK MK FA D KG>LO J < N DGHE FLE L G QGM\J G F J < N DGH JK >GJ KL JLMOGJC >GJ F KL D K < GEH FQ. F EGKL KM KK>MD GEH F K, AJ HD < L EM -E D F DD HJG KKL L O K GF L FGJE >GJ KG>LO J< N DGHE FL.

MJ JL D GFDK F< JG L * F E FLG K FLG EGJ < L D.

26
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_developmenthttp://www.pivotaltracker.com/http://agilescout.com/best-agile-scrum-tools/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_modelhttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-project-management.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_modelhttp://agilescout.com/best-agile-scrum-tools/http://www.pivotaltracker.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development


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HL J 6

A GMFLK GM * Q GJ

L M GMFL >GJ >J .

\DD DKG K F< E D >JGE L HHD L GF, O O DD J IM J E D GMFL. A E DGMFL K >J .

\DD J L >GJE L L DDGOK O K L N K LGJK LG YGHL- FZ LG E* D EH GMFL, O K >J .

F DDQ, O \DD < HDGQ L LMLGJ D HHD L GF LGJGCMO HJGN < K DK HHD

GKL F . L GKLK FGL F LG K L MH JGCM GMFL F< < HDGQ KO FL.

GitHub

DK < N DGH JK MKL M>GJ GDD GJ L GF F< J EGL CMH G> HJG

GJ L K LMLGJ D, KM KL QGM L >J H JKGF D L M GMFL> QGM K GOK QGM J K J GMK GML D JF F DK.

GM\DD KC < LG HJGN < MK JF E . K F F CF E GJ K GF E (>GJ P EHD , QGMJ O LL J MK JF E ).

GM\DD KC < LG HJGN < F E D QGM J L JGCM GMFL LG < HHHD L GFK, QGM K GMD< MK L K E E D GJ L MLLC > O E FML K LG GJE L GF LG QGMJ GMFL

HJGN < QGMJ J D F E F< HM D E D , >GJ P EHD L E LMH, C L GF, GJ GF> J F

E D QGM F, HJGN < O K L


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H ). F F J D, QGM OGF\L PHGK < LG KL DC JK GJ KH EE JK ( PQGM J GH F GML QGMJK D> GF L M .

L J \DD K GO QGM GO LG K L MH F< MK L F< L M .

Gmail

LMLGJ D K GOK GO L HHD L GF F GFF L LG E D E D K GMJ P EHD MK E FQ H GHD DJ QGM GJE L GF > QGM 2000 GJ > O J KM K J JK >GJ >J . J K FG GKL LG K L MH F

A>L J QGM N K L MH * D EH GMFL, J L F O E D F D KE D GJ Y J L KL.Z D KL F E F< GL J

> QGM L >JMKLJ L < O L L GEHD P F< GF>MK F * D EH FLL L L >J F


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HL J 7

L L JL QGM >GDDGO L K LMLGJ D DGK DQ, QGM\DD N OGJC F HHDP EHD HH F LD JF-J DKL M J HGK LGJQ. > QGMJ HHD L GF GDDGO F L LMLGJ D, GEH J L G< LG L P EHD HH F LK CFGOF LG OGJC.

GFD F < L GF G> L K LMLGJ D GFL FK GEE FLK K L GFL L F< G> L LMLGJF GMJ QGM LG G>> J > < C LG EHJGN L K LMLGJ D.

> QGM > F< HJG D EK GJ O K LG KM KL EHJGN E FLK, \E J LG LG J L L M KKM ML > D >J LG E D E < J LDQ L< F D@< F DC G . GE> QGMHJ > J.

Jumping Around

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LM DDQ O KL L E K QGM LJQ LG H C MH L H K QGM E KK JGE KL JL LG F


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< >> MDL F< FLJG MJ L GF KKM K. NLL F DK LG JMF GF FJGE GL J HD L>GJEK, KM K ' N GJ J GEE F< L GFK >GJ F , GJ FFL J L < < N DGHE FL FN JGFE FL. K J KG>L

HHD L GFK L L GE F L PL < LGJ O L M DL- F LGGDK KM< N DGH JK D C ' LBJ FK M Q* F , AHL F LM< G , GJ GEG


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Terminal

GM\DD F < F HHD L GF DD < GFKGD GJ L JE F D EMD LGJ GEHML J\K GEE F< D F . DD L GEE F< D F Lshell MK L K L GML

L GH J L F KQKL E\K FL JF D E F KEK (O O DD Lkernel).

F * , QGM F MK LJE F D HHD L GF. PH J F < < N DGH JK G>L FLG L EGJ HGO J>MDJE2 HHD L GF.

GEE F< F J K GMJKPHD FKGO LG D MF L JE F D HHD L G.

> QGM N F\L MK < L GEHML J\K GEE F< D F FL J> ( ) >GO L GEE F< F J K GMJKLG GE GE>GJL D O L F P K DD

MF QGMJ L JE F D HHD L GF FGO.

JQ GML L L JE F D HHD L GF Q FL J F K DD GEE F * JGKG>L GJ< G

< N DGH JK < L > D K O L K EHD L PL < LGJK F< JMF HJG J EK F N LG J E E J L GEE F , HJG J EE JK N J L < N JQL F L L QGM MK GF QGM

31
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal.apphttp://www.iterm2.com/#/section/homehttp://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/ex1.htmlhttp://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/ex1.htmlhttp://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/http://www.iterm2.com/#/section/homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal.app


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G#00'+% Fa+!5

> QGM O L PH J F < < N DGH JK L OGJC, QGM E Q K L J GFDGLK G> F>GJE L GF K GOF F L HJGEHL. GM\DD K L KL LMK, M

EK L GJ M Q N JK GF. * FQ < N DGH JK J HD L KL F< J L >MF L GF D LQ. A > F

J IM J K KGE F P KC DDK LG FKL DD. GF\L OGJJQ GML LL F > F> MDL KL H F D JF F DK

L KH > GF> MJ L GF G> QGMJ GEHML J. L GN J L K MEH FGE K KQ.

>G MK G> L K GGC K D JF F DK, FGL FKL DD F M Q, KG J < D , \E G F LG N QGM D FCK LG JL D K L L O DD DH QG

Ma! OS X

L K JL D >GJ FKL DD L GF FKLJM L GFK:

Install Ruby on Rails Mac OS XInstall Ruby on Rails Mac OS X

U 1+01 L'+14


Install Ruby on Rails UbuntuInstall Ruby on Rails Ubuntu

H /0#" C * 10'+%

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< N DGH F DK GF F QGM N M Q GF * GJ FMP MK L LJGMK. G GKL < FN JGFE FL HJG

F


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Install Ruby on Rails Nitrous.ioInstall Ruby on Rails Nitrous.io

W'+" 3/

L\K KL LG MK LJGMK. G ( GN ) > QGM J GF F HJG> KK GF D < N DGHE FL K FGL QGMJ

O DD F LG L C F GF GF> MJ L GF KKM K, QGM F LJQ D


RailsBridge InstallfestRailsBridge Installfest

GL L L L K GGC F DM< K FKLJM L GFK >GJ MK F *, L M QK FGL N D D >GJ FGDDGO L LMLGJ D; J > J LG * (L GM L K LL J LG KO L LG LJGMK. G).

Understanding Version Numbers

DK >GDDGOK GFN FL GF F E JKL FME J < FGL K major version( DK 4)U K GF< FME J < FGL K minor release( DK 4.0)

U L J< FME J < FGL K patch level( DK 4.0.1)

A E GJ J D K F DM< K F O > LMJ K, F DM< F F K O JGEH L D LQ. L E FK KO L F >JGE DK 3.2 LG DK 4.0 O DD

J OJ L G> DK 3.2 HHD L GF.

A E FGJ J D K FLJG LMJ K ML P K M K ML LM

Ruby 2.0 and Rails 4.0

C L L HHJGHJ L N JK GFK G> M Q F< DK J FKL DD < FFN JGFE FL. GM\DD F


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U DK E (N JK GF 4.0 GJ F O J)

H F QGMJ L JE F D HHD L GF F< FL J:

$ ruby -v

GM E L K :

ruby ruby-2.0.0-p247 (...)

GM\N GL M Q N JK GF 2.0.0, H L D N D YH247Z ( M Q N JK GFK P < K F L K O K OJ LL F. > QGM > F< QGM N

E FGJ J D K ), C >GJ F O J N JK GF G> L K LMLGJ D. * FGJ > L

GM F C >GJ LMJJ FL N JK GF G> DKJ .

> QGM J JMFF F GD< J N JK GFK G> M Q GJ DK GF QGMJ GEHMLN JK GFK LG NG < MF PH L < HJG D EK.

*

HJGE K < L L L K GGC OGMD< FLJG< N DGH JK. F G> L EGKL EHGJL FL ML D L K QGM\DD F < F K L< N DGHE FL FN JGFE FL K *, LM Q JK GF * F J.

* D LK QGM KO L LO F < >> J FL N JK GFK G> M Q. L FGO,

EHGJL FL, ML K KGGF K F O N JK GF G> M Q K J D K M Q D L J, F< KL DD KO L C LG GD< J N JK GFK

34
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* DKG DHK QGM E F QGMJ GDD L GFK G> EK, Q D LL F QG gemsets. EK L K L GDD L GF G> EK QGM F < >GJ KH > HJG

>J IM FLDQ; O L *, QGM F FKL DD KH > N JK GF G> DK O L DD L EK QGM F < >GJ L HJG L. F F O N JK GF G>

J L F O EK L O L L F O DK N JK GF O F QGM KL JL F O HJG L O DD KL DD N L N JK GF G> DK L F QGM\N >GDDGO < L FKLJM L GFK F L JL DFKL DD F DKF< FKL DD < *, QGMJ KK GF D DK < N DGH JK N EGJ L F GF N JK GF* E C K L KQ LG KO L .

* O DD K GO QGM D KL G> N D D M Q N JK GFK:

$ rvm list

GM F K D KL G> N D D EK LK KKG L < O L L MJJ

$ rvm gemset list

GM O DD K F JJGO L L K GOK O EK L K L N .

GM O DD K global EK L K O DD K FQ GL JK QGM N J L L J QGM\N OGJC < GF > O DK HHD L GFK, QGM\DD K K N JQGM J MK F * F L O Q EGKL < N DGH JK QGM J < L K GML *

JM Q GJ J FN; < N DGH JK DGN LG GEH J L E J LK G> L J LGGKMHHGJL


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Project-Specific Gemset

GJ GMJ D JF-J DK HHD L GF, O \DD J L HJG L-KH > L EK L L K E F E K GMJ HHD L GF.

BQ J L F EK L >GJ GMJ LMLGJ D HHD L GF, O \DD KGD L LL EK O F < >GJ L K HJG L. L J QGM MK * GJ FGL J ML K O DD FLJG YK F< GP F Z ( KGD L F ) Q

FN JGFE FL KG QGM F NG < GF>D LK EGF HJG LK.

A>L J O J L L HJG L-KH > EK L, O \DD FKL DD L DL K GEE F


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HL J 8

J L L AHHD L GFF HJ N GMK HL JK QGM\N F < GF HLM D C JGMFJGE L K LMLGJ D FLG QGMJ GEHML J. GME F , ML J DDQ, M D< F OGJC F HHD L GF K L GFDQ O

EGKL G N GMK O Q K LG GHQ F< H KL >JGE L K LMLGJ D FLGQGM J J < F L K GF QGMJ GEHML J (FGL L D L GJ HJ FL < H K

JJGJ-HJGF ML QGM\DD N GG< GHHGJLMF LQ LG P E F L G QGOGJL O D HHJG MK QGM\DD GE EGJ > E D J O L L

F< H KL F .

GF\L > D K Q GML GHQ F G< ; L\K GO QGM O DD D JF. GJC FDGL G> L E GHQ F G< >JGE GL JK. AL > JKL, QGM O DD GHQ DGL

HJG> F Q, QGM O DD GHQ G< F< < HL L, EGJ PL FK N DQ K KC DD. FDQ O F QGM\N F OGJC F >MDDL E K G< J >GJ EGFLQGMJK D> OJ L F G< >JGE K J L ; N F L F, O F QGM F GMFL J FKL DD DGGC >GJ G< P EHD K LG GHQ F< < HL.

Starter Applications

DK HJGN < K framework; L L K, KG>LO J D J JQ L L HJGN < K ML D

GJ F R F HJ F HD K LG DDGO MK LG M D< GEHD P O HHD LO \< N LG G< N JQL F >JGE K J L . DK N K MK L KO K L K.

L DD, L >J E OGJC LMJ K O F < >GJ EO K L K. GJ P EHD , O E L O FL MK JK LG J KL J >GJ F GMFL O K L (YMK J E F E FL F< ML FL L GFZ). E L O FL LGMJ O K L LG MKL GJ L KL F , >GJ P EHD ) GJ > D G> GMJ HHD L GF ( O LL J BGGLKLJ H). N DGH JK G>L F E P E C MKLGE R < DK KL C.

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N DGH JK G>L F MK starter application FKL < G> KK E D F F HHD L GFGM E L DD L K YL EHD L Z ML O MK L L L JE LG J > J LG Lview filesL L GE F

* O L M Q G< LG F J L O H K. *GKL PH J F < < N DGHEGJ KL JL J HHD L GFK L L K N L E O F FF F F O HJGDKAHHKHJG LO K D MF < LG HJGN < GH F KGMJ KL JL J HHD L GFK KG

GDD GJ L GF L J KL JL J HHD L GFK F< NG < KC DD O L L K LMLGJ D, QGM E L MK L DKAHHK KL JL J H

HHD L GF O L > LMJ K D C ML FL L GF, ML GJ R L GF, F

GJ FGO, O \DD F O L L DK < > MDL KL JL J HHD L GF.

Where Are You?

F L K LMLGJ D, L L JEK Y>GD< JKZ F< Y< J LGJ KZ E F L K E

F Ppwd GEE F< K GOK L YHJ K FL OGJC F < J LGJQ,Z O J QGM

ls GEE F< K GOK >GD< JK F< > D K F < J LGJQ.

K L F Pcd GEE F< LG F < J LGJ K.

C EGE FL LG L FC GML O J GF QGMJ GEHML J QGM\DD D K. GM E Q N documentsdocuments >GD< J. GM GMD< E C K E D J >GD< J F E projectsprojects GJcodecode GJ workspaceworkspace >GJ QGMJ HJG J EE F HJG LK. K L F Pmkdir GEE F< LG J L>GD< J GJ J L L O L QGMJ > D JGOK J.

L\K PHDGJ Lrails new GEE F< F< L KL JL < M D< F L LMLGJ D

Rails New Command

DK HJGN < K Lrails new GEE F< LG J L K DK HHD L GF.

DJ EK L MK F *. * C KMJ L

$ rvm use ruby-2.0.0@learn-rails

JKL, D L\K K GMJ GHL GFK. QH :

$ rails new --help

GM\DD K DH E KK L L K GOK DD L GHL GFK >GJ L YJ D

L\K EHGJL FL LG CFGO L L DH E KK K J N D D >GJ DK

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GM\DD K KMEE JQ G> L GEE F< KQFL P:

Usage:rails new APP_PATH [options]

GM\DD K D KL G> GEE F< GHL GFK F< F PHD F L GF G> O L LO DD Q,Z K L F E G> QGMJHH J F QGMJ G< K L F E G> L HHD L GF. YJ DK F OZ

< J LGJQ (HJG L >GD< J) F< F J L K KM >GD< JK F< > D K O L

> DD L GHL GFK, L GFDQ GF O \DD MK J L FGO K L-T

GHL GF O L DDK L F OZ GEE F< FGL LG F J L K L G> > D K >GJ LTest::Unit L KL F >J E OGJC. KP EHD G> MKLGE R F GMJ DK KL C. F LK < > MDL GF> MJTest::Unit

L KL F >J E OGJC. C E FQ DK < N DGH JK, L DKAHHK HJG>J E OGJC FKL GJ L L.

Building the ApplicationG J L L DK < > MDL KL JL J HHD L GF, LQH :

$ rails new learn-rails -T

K O DD J L F O DK HHD L GF F E < YD JF-J DK.Z

GM E Q N L HH < >> J FL F E > QGM J M D< F L >GJ FGLMLGJ D, O \DD KKME L F E K YD JF-J DK.Z L O DD K N QGM

K L -T >D LG KC H KL:: F L > D K. L J F L LMLGJ D, O \DD J E OGJC KG O D

rails new GEE F< O DD J L F F >GD< JK F< 53 > D K.

L O DD FKL DD 44 EK FLG QGMJ EK L.

A>L J QGM J L L HHD L GF, KO L LG LK >GD< J LG GFL FMHHD L GF:

39


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$ cd learn-rails

K K QGMJ HJG L < J LGJQ. L K DKG DD < L HHD L GF

QH L ls GEE F< LG K GO L >GD< JK F< > D K F < J LGJQ. GGF GML G> L K >GD< JK F< > D K.

Setting ** N K MK GFN F FL L F IM LG E C KMJ O J DO QK MK

O F O FL J L HJG L < J LGJQ. L O DD J L D K LG EK L. FL J L K GEE F< LG J L L

$ rvm use ruby-2.0.0@learn-rails --ruby-version

> QGM K Y : EK L [D JF-J DK\ D K, .ruby-version.ruby-version F< .ruby-gemset.ruby-gemset , L L K LN JQ L E Ocd LG L HJG L < J LGJQ. L GML L K LOG DJ E E J LG FL Jrvm use ruby-2.0.0@learn-rails N JQ L E QGM KL JL OGJC GF QGM

>L J DGK F L GFKGD .

GM F GF> JE QGM\N J L < L LOG D K:

$ ls -1pa./

../.gitignore

.ruby-gemset

.ruby-versionGemfileGemfile.lockREADME.rdocRakefileapp/bin/

config/config.ru

40


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db/lib/log/public/tmp/vendor/

Y Z >D F L F Pls -1pa GEE F< < KHD QK D K. O L MDD KLGH) L L FF F G> L > D F E . G.ruby-gemsetF< .ruby-version .

GM\DD DKG K LOG YKH D > D KZ O J FGL > D K L DD:

U ./ W F D K L L J HJ K FLK L MJJ FL < J LGJQ

U ../ W F D K L L J HJ K FLK L H J FL < J LGJQ

L\K J > < N JK GF FLG F P; D L\K LJQ JMFF F GMJ F O DK H

Test the Application

GM\N J L < K EHD < > MDL O HHD L GF. L\K J


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V'#3'+% '+ 0 W# B 3/#

G K QGMJ HHD L GF F L GF, GH F O JGOK J O F MDL F>GJE L GF H .

Wa0!&'+% L % M#//a%#/

GL L L E KK K K JGDD F L GFKGD O F MDL O H .

H F L > D log/development.loglog/development.log F< QGM\DD K L K E E KK K. F J IM KLK LG L BJ C O K JN J, < FGKL E KK K J OJ LL FL log/development.loglog/development.log > D . K < FGKL E KK K J F EHGJL FLLJGM D K GGL F O F QGM J < N DGH F .

GM F C H EGJ L F GF L JE F D O F


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J \K KGE < K. H F O F QGMJ K

F QGMJ L JE F D HHD L GF. H GF L < O FGJ FL J(D Ccd GJ ls ) F< FGL J L JE F D O FGJ JMFF F Lrails server GEE FMD LG D N L > D JGOK J H F D GH F LG

< J LGJQ; GL JK < L > D JGOK J H F D LG K N KH .> QGM N FGM K J F KH , D N QGMJ O JGOK J GH F F< H< LGJ. > QGMJ K J F KH K D E L


44/195

HL J 9

JC F LJM LMJ\N J L < L < > MDL DK KL JL J HHD L GF.

rails new GEE F< K J L < HJG L < J LGJQ >GJ MK.

L K H JC F KLJM LMJ >GJ GMJ G< . FD C F GJ< F JQ H JC F KLFQO J QGM D C , L K J K KK F < H JC F . GM N LG H

HD . K K DK, O J GFN FL GF J F K GJ< J LG L < N DGHE

K L F Pls GEE F< LG D KL L GFL FLK G> L HJG L < J LGJQ. L L K GOK KM < J LGJQ (E JC < O L KD K ), O \DD QGM\J F L HJG L < J LGJQ, LQHopen . . H J G< (GJ Y


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GM\DD D JF EGJ GML > D F< >GD< J K QGM HJG < L JGMKL JL JKL < K J K L > D K F< >GD D K F< >GD< JK L

Important Folders and Files

K >GD< JK F< > D K J EHGJL FL LG FF JK.

E> D KLK DD L EK MK < Q L HHD L GF.

E> D .DG C KLK E N JK GFK F< < H F< F K.

A * .JGJ GD< JK F< > D K.

GF> / GF> MJ L GF >GD< JK F< > D K.

< / L K >GD< JK F< > D K.

HM D / D K >GJ O H K L L GD< JK F< > D K J EHGJL FL LG DK ML FGL EHGJL FL LG

C > D J L N K >GJ L C ML D LQ HJG J E.

F/ GD< J >GJ F JQ ( P ML D ) HJG J EK.

GF> .JM GF> MJ L GF > D >GJ C ( KG>LO J D J JQ >GJ O K JN JK

D / GD< J >GJ E K DD F GMK M Q G< .

DG / GD< J >GJ HHD L GF K JN J DG > D K.

LEH/ EHGJ JQ > D K J L < O F QGMJ HHD L GF K JMFF F .

N FGJ M Q KG>LO J D J J K L L J FGL EK.

The App Directory

C L E LG D JGOK J. GM F DKG MK QGMJ L PL < LGJ. J QGM F


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$ cd app$ ls -1passets/controllers/helpers/mailers/models/views/$ cd ..

FL J L HH >GD< J, D KL L GFL FLK, F< L F MK Lcd .. GEE F< ( F< J LGJQ < N DGH F DK HHD L GF HH FK F L app/ app/ >GD< J.

JD J O < K J < DK K Y K L G> > D K GJ F R < O L KHKLJM LMJ K L K E >GJ N JQ DK HHD L GF. app/ app/ < J LGJQ K GG< P EHDK P >GD< JK F L app/ app/ < J LGJQ J L K E F N JQ DK HHD L GF.

GDD GJ L O L GL J DK < N DGH JK, HJGN < F GFK KL F Q

GM E Q J DD GMJ JD J < K J HL GF G> DK >JGE L H JKH LL K >GD< J, QGM\DD K N < F G> LEG< DWN OW GFLJGDD J< K F H LL JF. J >GDF E < models/ models/ , views/ views/ , F< controllers/ controllers/ F>GJ L KG>LO J J L L\K YK H

GF JFKZ F< EH JL KLJM LMJ LG GMJ G< . AK QGM M D< L HHDJGD G> L * GEHGF FLK F J L J < L D.

OG >GD< JK, mailers/ mailers/ F< helpers/ helpers/ , HD Q KMHHGJL F JGD K. E D JK >GD< J K >GJ G< L L K FGD< J K >GJ DKview helpers , KF HH LK G> J MK D G< L L FL J, O F O D JF EGJ GMLviews , O \DD K Q N O DH JK J D C YE JG

K GJL GEE F< FLG DGF J KLJ F G> * L K F< GFL FL.

AK DK < N DGH J, QGM\DD KH F< EGKL G> QGMJ L E F N L F LQGM J L F< < L > D K. AF< MK DK HJGN < K GFK KL FL> F< QGMJ O Q GF FQ MF> E D J HJG L.

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Git

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ADD L HGO J G> L GE K L HJ . L K < >> MDL >GJ FFE FQ G> LK HJG MF LEHGJL FLDQ, QGM EMKL L LG CFGO L > QGM HD F LG KK GF D GJ G Q KL.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)https://github.com/http://www.git-tower.com/http://list.ly/list/FO-mac-git-clientshttp://list.ly/list/FO-mac-git-clientshttp://www.git-tower.com/https://github.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)


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L GM L K J F F< L GEE F E D J O L L K K.

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$ which git/usr/local/bin/git$ git versiongit version ...

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Is Git Configured?

* C KMJ L CFGOK O G QGM J . N JQ L E QGM MH< L QGMJ L J Hgit commit GEE FQ QGM K L ML GJ G> L F K

$ git config --get user.name$ git config --get user.email

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$ git config --global user.name "Real Name"$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

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K L K E E D


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PL F< F L L E LJ N D J F DG Q, F L D R F L J HGK LGJQ L L E E F .

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$ git init .

Initialized empty Git repository in ...

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ls -1p .gitHEADconfigdescriptionhooks/

info/objects/refs/

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U GF> MJ L GF > D K L L F DM< H KKOGJ D K. A D F L HJG.gitignore.gitignore F KH >Q D KL G> > D K L L J F N J K F Q L. rails new GEE F D O L < > MDLK L L F DM< DG > D K F< < L MJ L GF > D K L L F DM< K J LK, O \DD MH< L L .gitignore.gitignore > D .

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$ cat .gitignore# See http://help.github.com/ignore-files/ for more about ignoring files.

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## If you find yourself ignoring temporary files generated by your text editor# or operating system, you probably want to add a global ignore instead:# git config --global core.excludesfile '~/.gitignore_global'

# Ignore bundler config./.bundle

# Ignore the default SQLite database./db/*.sqlite3/db/*.sqlite3-journal

# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles./log/*.log/tmp

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Git Workflow

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$ git status# On branch master## Initial commit## Untracked files:# ( use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed )## .gitignore# Gemfile# Gemfile.lock# README.rdoc# Rakefile# app/# bin/# config.ru# config/

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# db/# lib/# log/# public/# vendor/nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

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S0a%'+%

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GM E Q FGL L L L A *.rdoc.rdoc > D K MLGE L DDQ F GJHGJ L < FG> L HJG L J HGK LGJQ GF L M . GJ GMJ F PL KL H, O \DD MH< LGEE L L LG L DG D J HG, F< HMK L MH LG L M .

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Learning Rails==

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Learning Rails with a tutorial from the RailsApps project.

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$ git add -A$ git commit -m "update README"$ git push origin master

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Rails Gems

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Gems for a Rails Default Application

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Where Do Gems Live?

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$ gem which bundler/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p0@global/gems/bundler-1.3.5/lib/bundler.rb$ gem which rails/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p0@learn-rails/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails.rb

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E> D HJGN < K L F>GJE L GF F < < Q LBMF


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EK L L O DD MK < Q L HHD L GF, F< L Gemfile.lockGemfile.lock > D , O L LK D KL G< H F< F K F< N JK GF FME JK, QGM N GEHD L KH > LJ IM J < LG JMF L HHD L GF. *GJ EHGJL FLDQ, O F GL J < N DG

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L\K L C DGGC L L E> D J L < Q Lrails new GEE F


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gem 'sass-rails' , '~> 4.0.0'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assetsgem 'uglifier' , '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and viewsgem 'coffee-rails' , '~> 4.0.0'

# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript librarygem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more:https://github.com/rails/turbolinksgem 'turbolinks'

# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuildergem 'jbuilder' , '~> 1.2'

group :doc do# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.gem 'sdoc' , require : false

end

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password# gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'

# Use unicorn as the app server# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment# gem 'capistrano', group: :development

# Use debugger# gem 'debugger', group: [:development, :test]

> JKL D F ,source 'https://rubygems.org' , < J LK BMFGJ FQ EK.

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F L E> D QGM\DD K L EK >GJ DK < > MDL HHD L G< K J < JD J. L J EK J GEE FL < GML (L D F K F O L

K J KM KL GFK F< O F FGJ L E GJ J EGN L E.

OGF\L MK < L K >GJ GMJ HHD L GF ML O \DD C H Lgem 'sqlite3' FLJQ.GF> MJ F DK >GJ FG < L K K GEHD L MD GFDQ O F MK Frake doc:rails GEE F< LG F J L A QGM J < N DGH F QGMJ HHD L GF GF GEHML J MK F L E Q F < LG MF GEE FL F< MK L KL L E FLgem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby . FMP 4.0.0'gem 'uglifier' , '>= 1.3.0'gem 'coffee-rails' , '~> 4.0.0'

gem 'jquery-rails'gem 'turbolinks'gem 'jbuilder' , '~> 1.2'

Adding Gems

\N < FL > < K N J D EK L L O DD MK >MD >GJ GMJ LMLGJ D

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\DD DKG GDDGO F :

GemfileGemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'ruby '2.0.0'gem 'rails' , '4.0.0'

# Rails defaultsgem 'sqlite3'gem 'sass-rails' , '~> 4.0.0'gem 'uglifier' , '>= 1.3.0'gem 'coffee-rails' , '~> 4.0.0'gem 'jquery-rails'gem 'turbolinks'gem 'jbuilder' , '~> 1.2'

# learn-railsgem 'activerecord-tableless'gem 'bootstrap-sass'gem 'figaro'gem 'gibbon'gem 'google_drive'gem 'high_voltage'gem 'simple_form' , '>= 3.0.0.rc'group :development do

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https://github.com/softace/activerecord-tablelesshttps://github.com/thomas-mcdonald/bootstrap-sasshttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttps://github.com/amro/gibbonhttps://github.com/gimite/google-drive-rubyhttps://github.com/thoughtbot/high_voltagehttp://simple-form.plataformatec.com.br/https://github.com/charliesome/better_errorshttps://github.com/evrone/quiet_assetshttps://github.com/evrone/quiet_assetshttps://github.com/charliesome/better_errorshttp://simple-form.plataformatec.com.br/https://github.com/thoughtbot/high_voltagehttps://github.com/gimite/google-drive-rubyhttps://github.com/amro/gibbonhttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttps://github.com/thomas-mcdonald/bootstrap-sasshttps://github.com/softace/activerecord-tableless


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gem 'better_errors'gem 'quiet_assets'

end

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L E QGM < L L E> D , JMFbundle install F< J KL JL QGMJ O K JN J.

Install the Gems

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$ bundle install

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MFgem list LG K DD L EK L L J DG < < FLG L < N DGHE FL

$ gem list

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> QGM L E KK :

fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

L F< L K QGM J F >GD< J L L K FGL F F L D R < O L QGMJ HJG L < J LGJQ. K L F P GEE F QGM L E KK :

fatal: 'origin' does not appear to be a git repositoryfatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

L K GOK L L QGM F\L GFF L LG L M LG HMK L F K. G

$ git remote show origin

L K FGL KGDML DQ F KK JQ LG MK L M >GJ L K LMLGJ D. > E D J O L L OGJC>DGO G> HJG> KK GF D < N DGHE FL.

\J J MJ L HHD L GF.

65


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HL J 12

GF> MJF GMJ LMLGJ D HHD L GF, O \DD F < LG K N F GMFL F E FJGE L HHD L GF F< K N < L LG KHJ MJ L GF > D K. L\K FGL H

GF> MJ L GF > D K, GO N J. * FQ HHD L GFK J IM J GF> MJ

E D GMFL J < FL DK GJ A C QK >GJ PL JF D K JN K.EGL L J HGK LGJ K KM K L M J HD LG KLGJ F< K

K GMD MJ L GF K LL F K L L EMKL J E F HJ N LEGKL < N DGH JK F K L FN JGFE FL N J D K MK F L F P K DL DKAHHK HJG L, O L C Q J < HHJG F< MK L> JG EL L D LK MK K

FN JGFE FL N J D K >JGE L F P K DD GJ >JGE K EHD GF> MJ

GJ GMJ LMLGJ D, O \DD K GO GO LG K L MH GF> MJ L GF K LL F K> JG E. GMF J < L JL DDK FN JGFE FL J D K> QGM\< D C D JF GML L >

PHDGJ GL J HHJG K.

Configuration File

LMLGJ D HHD L GF MK K L> JG ELG K L FN JGFE FL N J D K. \N FKL DD < L > JG E F L E> D F< JMFbundle install .

> JG E MK K F J LGJ LG K L MH L F KK JQ > D K. MF:

$ rails generate figaro:install

DK HJGN < K Lrails generate GEE F< LG MK < Q EK L L F < LG EG D K GJ FKL DD GF> MJ L GF > D K.

66
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variablehttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-environment-variables.htmlhttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttp://railsapps.github.io/rails-environment-variables.htmlhttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttps://github.com/laserlemon/figarohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable


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K F L rails generate GEE F JG E F J L K config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml > DF< D KLK L F QGMJ .gitignore.gitignore > D .

\DD K L J < FL DK >GJ QGMJ E D F< * D EH GMFLK F L config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml> D . .gitignore.gitignore > D HJ N FLK L config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml > D >JGE F K N < F LJ HGK LGJQ KG QGMJ J < FL DK J C HL HJ N L .

K QGMJ L PL < LGJ LG J HD L > D config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml O L L K:

# Add account credentials and API keys here.# See http://railsapps.github.io/rails-environment-variables.html# This file should be listed in .gitignore to keep your settings secret!# Each entry sets a local environment variable and overrides ENV variables in the Unixshell.GMAIL_USERNAME: Your_UsernameGMAIL_PASSWORD: Your_PasswordMAILCHIMP_API_KEY: Your_MailChimp_API_Key

MAILCHIMP_LIST_ID: Your_List_IDDOMAIN_NAME: example.comOWNER_EMAIL: [email protected]

HD L HD GD< JK F L config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml > D O L J D J < FL DK.

* C KMJ L J K KH >L J GDGF F< >GJ L N DM >GJ N DM GFL FK FGF- DH FME J J L JK (HMF LM L GF E JCK), QN DM F IMGL L GF E JCK. > QGM MJ L GF N DM K F L config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml > D J N D D FQO JHHD L GF K FN JGFE FL N J D K. \DD MK L FN JGFE FL N

LMLGJ D HHD L GF LG K F< E D.

G*a')

GJ L E D MK JF E F< H KKOGJ QGM GJ F GMFL O* FGDDGO FKLJM L GFK F L JL DF< E D O L DK.

Ma')C&'*

F N K LGJK K F MH LG J N F OKD LL J, O \DD GJ L * D EH A C Q:MAILCHIMP_API_KEY. G F LG * D ELG

L QGMJ A C Q. D C QGMJ F E L L LGH G> L F N L GF E FMLL F K.Z D C Y PLJ K,Z L F YA C QK.Z GM N LG F J L F


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N QGM DJ FGL, L * D MLLGF >GJ Y J L KL.Z D KL F E F< GL J < L DK J MH LG

\DD F < LMAILCHIMP_LIST_ID >GJ L E D F D KL QGM\N J L F< * D EH Y KLKZ H , D C L YGJ E FM F< D C

GLLGE G> L Y KL LL F KZ H , QGM\DD > F< L MF IM >GJ L

D *a'+ Na*#

> QGM DJ GJ FGO. L J, > QGM

L LMLGJ D LG < HDGQ L HHD L GF LG JGCM, QGM\DD J HDexample.com O L L MF IMF E QGM\N N F QGMJ HHD L GF GF JGCM. GM\DD N LG O LCFGO L F E QGM\DD MK GF JGCM.

\DD MK L MJ E D >GJ < D

O3+# E*a')

GM\DD K F< E D E KK K LG L K


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F L > D config/environments/development.rbconfig/environments/development.rb , F J L F< G> L > D , > F< L

config.assets.debug = true

EE < L DQ >GDDGO F , JGE L config/application.ymlconfig/application.yml > D C HK QGMJ KK > .

P# $ * D#)'2# '#/ '+ D#2#) *#+0

> QGM O FL LG K F< J D E KK K O F QGM L KL L HHD L GF EG< >Q L > D config/environments/development.rbconfig/environments/development.rb .

A>L J L G< QGM MKL F Dend C QOGJ QGM L J L > F Dend C QOGJ D O L JJGJK O F QGM KL JL L O K JN J.

L J, >L J O GJE LG L LMLGJ D HHD L GF, L K F< E D E KK K.

69


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Git

L\K GEE L GMJ F K LG L L J HGK LGJQ.

$ git add -A$ git commit -m "add configuration"$ git push

\J J GJ L HHD L GF.

70


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HL J 13

L L K F< GMLA DK HHD L GF F < D N J KL L O H K MKL D C F GJ KL F< FG M Q G< K J IM J GJ O PHDGJ L GEHD P L K G> GJE L GF H .

K QGMJ L PL < LGJ LG J L F< K N > D public/index.htmlpublic/index.html :

Hello World

>J K L JGOK J O FGD< J Q < > MDL.

> FG > D F E K KH > < F L , L K JN J O DD LL EHL LG Jindex.htmlindex.html . K K GFN FL GF L L < L K LG 1993; > FG > D F E O K > JKL O K JN JK N J M DL (L A LLH< K JN J) OGMD< J LMJF D< J LGJQ, MFD KK > D F E < index.htmlindex.html O K HJ K FL. F L F, index.htmlindex.html K F L< > MDL > D F E >GJ GE H .

Routing Error

L HH FK O F FG > D E L K L J IM KL < O


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Add an About Page

K QGMJ L PL < LGJ LG J L F< K N > D public/about.htmlpublic/about.html :

About

K L L LLH://DG D GKL:3000/ GML. LEDF QGMJ JGOK J. GM\DD K L FH .

BQ L O Q, QGM\N MKL


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GL L F E G> L HHD L GFLearnRails K F DM< < F L > D . F QGM HHD L GF, KM KL < QGM MK L F Elearn-rails . > QGM N L HJG L Q L config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb > D GJ< F DQ.

K KF HH L G> DK JGML F G< L C K FQ J IM KL LG L HHD( LLH://DG D GKL:3000/) F< J < J LK L LG L about.htmlabout.html > D (O K PH L < LG

F L publicpublic >GD< J).

J K FG F < LG J KL JL QGMJ HHD L GF K JN J LG K L F O KL JL L K JN J:

$ rails server

K L L HLLH://DG D GKL:3000/. GM\DD K L YA GMLZ H .

GM\N MKL K F F P EHD G> DK E . GE < N DGH JK GEHD

GN J GF> MJ L GFZ HJ F HD K D C E . L\K FGL G N GMK OL publicpublic >GD< J; L MKL HH FK. > QGM GJ L G< L L E HKLLH://DG D GKL:3000/LG Lpublic/index.htmlpublic/index.html > D . G< K MJ < < H F L DK >J E OGJC. GCFGO L GFN FL GF F< L L F IM >GJ GN JJ < F L, QGM N GHGO J L QGMJ < KHGK D.

Using the About Page

\N J L < F YA GMLZ H KG O F D JF GML JGML F .

GJ L F PL HL J, O \DD MK L KL L YA GMLZ H LG FN KLOGJCK.

L J F L LMLGJ D O \DD J L F O YA GMLZ H MK F < >>

73
http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/


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HL J 14

IM KL F< KHGFKGM\N GF> MJ < L LMLGJ D HHD L GF, J L < KL L H K,

JGML F .

F L K HL J, O \DD FN KL L L O J IM KL-J KHGFK Q D GFLJGDD J < K F H LL JF KG QGM\DD HJ H J < LG M D< D K >JGE O K JN JK.

JGOK JK E Crequests. A O K JN JrespondsLG J IM KL Q K F< F F *H F< F GF L < JK F L * > D , L O JGOK J E Q E C GP F< AHHD > J ML

EGKL HGHMD J. N F > QGM HJ > J GF G> L GL JK, LJQ L K F JGEDGF O L L L PL.

L JL GMJ FN KL L GF Q HMLL F JGE FLG Y F G F LG *G< Z OADL JF L N DQ, QGM F D J L JGOK J . K D JK FQ > D

< Q L JGOK J.

N DGH J GGDK O K QGMJ HJ E JQ < FGKL LGGD >GJ >JGFL< N DGHE FL, F DM< F F< ' N J HL.

F JGE GF * , HJ KK GEE F L JGOK J O F F< L E FMN DGH J/ N DGH J GGDK.

F JGE GF FGJEK, HJ KK >L- LJD- GJ K DN DGH J GGDK.

D L L LOGJC L F L N DGH J GGDK O.

F L L L J IM KL-J KHGFK Q D Q N K L F L YA GMLZ H LLH://DG D GKL:300GML. LED.

F L N DGH J GGDK O, QGM\DD K > D K J N < Q L JGOJ K GFDQ GF : Y GML. LEDZ. K K L > D L L L JGOK J N

H .

75
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D C L Y GML. LEDZ > D GF. F D C L L Y < JK.Z L FL J J IM KL K FL LG L K JN J F< L FL J J KHGFK J N

76


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J IM KL K GEHGK < G>:

U J IM KL ( LLH://DG D GKL:3000/ GML. LED)

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J KHGFK K GEHGK < G>

U KL LMK G< (200 GJ 304 GL *G< > J)

U *

GM F K L * K FL LG L JGOK J Q D C F L J N O GJ < FGKL N O.

GO LJQ J IM KL F L GE H Q FL J F LLLH://DG D GKL:3000/.

77
http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/


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GM\DD K L K JN J J LMJFK LOG > D K. > JKL, YDG D GKLZ, G*GN < JE F FLDQZ L L L DDK L JGOK J LG J IM KL L Y GML. L

K L Y GML. LEDZ > D . GM E Q K L KL LMK G< Y200 Z L J IM KL D KF\L F < F< L JGOK J K GMD< MK L > D L L K

J \K L HG FL G> L P J K : JGOK J\K < FGKL N O K GOLO F L JGOK J F< K JN J. GM\J DGGC F L N JQL F L L H

HDME F .

I+/'"# 0 S# 2#

JGOK J\K < FGKL N O


79/195

GM D JF < JD J L L, >JGE L H JKH L N G> KG>LO J J LGF>GJE LG LEG< DWN OW GFLJGDD JKG>LO J < K F H LL JF. K F>GJ K YGF JFKZ LG C H G< E F D F< GJ F R GJ DK.

* < K F H LL JF GJ F L < F L < K F G> < KCLGH HHD LE F HMD L < < L ; YN OZ D KK K J L < L MK J FL J> ; F< J KHGF< < LG MK J FL J L GF.

GE GEHML J K FL KLK > D L J L LMJ G> O HHD L GGJ F D * < K F H LL JF G> < KCLGH HHD L GFK. F K L

F L F PL < J E. < J E K GOK L * J L LMJ K H JL G>KL C.

AL L K G> L KL C K L O JGOK J. A J IM KL >DGOK MHO J< F GMFL JK L JGML J O < KH L K L J IM KL LG F HHJGHJ

F DK HHD L GF, L J K K F D JGML F > D , config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb , F< EMDL HD GFLEG< DK, F< N OK.

GFK < J F L EHGJL F G> L JGML J, H J HK O K GMD< DD G* , GJ GML F - GFLJGDD J-*G< D- O, H LL JF. KH L L IM D

FGE F D LMJ , L J L LMJ K O DD MF< JKLGG< F< MK < Q DD

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93View%E2%80%93Controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93View%E2%80%93Controller


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J \K L KL H- Q-KL H O DC-L JGM G> O L HH FK.

F L O JGOK J E C K J IM KL, router GEHGF FL O DD C L config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb> D F< < L JE F OcontrollerK GMD< FJGE model. A>L J G L F F< L , L GFLJGDD J O DD J F< J J KHGFK GE F F < L >JGE L Eview

GEHGF FL L L HJGN < K E JCMH F< D QGML. J KHGFK K F *GFLJGDD J KK E D K >GJ L JGOK J LG < KHD Q.

EG< D, N O, F< GFLJGDD J J > D K QGM J L GFL F F MJL F KLJM LMJ F< KQFL P K < GF >GMF< L GF EG< D, N O, F<

F L DK >J E OGJC. EG< D, N O, F< GFLJGDD J D KK K QGMinheritN GJ >JGE H J FL D KK K L L J H JL G> L >J E OGJC, KG QGM

OJ L QGMJK D>.

F EGKL DK HHD L GFK, modelmodel G L FK < L >JGE < L K , L GM KGEG L F < L >JGE J EGL GFF L GF LG FGL J K JN J. GJ P EHD ,

J LJ N MK J F E F< E D JGE O LL J GJ MK J\K GE LGOF >JGEGFLJGDD J F G L F < L >JGE EGJ L F GF EG< D > F KK JQ.

A controllercontroller F N EGJ L F GFaction. GJ P EHD , K J GFLJGDD J E LL GFK LG < KHD Q D KL G> MK JK, GJ JGE D config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb > D

E L K O J IM KL LG GFLJGDD J L GF. F L KG>LO J J LL GF K methodG> L GFLJGDD Jclass. MK L L JEKaction F JK L K

Y >MDZ ( L JE L L J > JK LGJ HJ K FL L GF D KL L LJ FK> J , FGL J KG>LO J < KKLJ L GF). L\K FGL EHGJL FL LG MF< JKL F< L KLJ L HJ F HD

J G F R F L L JE F< CFGO F L L DK GFLJGDD JK N K N FKM>> FL >GJ FF JK.

A viewview > D GE F K M Q G< O L * E JCMH. QH DDQ L J O

KKG L < O L GFLJGDD J L GF L L < KHD QK H . AF FG> MK JK. A YK GOZ N O E L HJGN < < L DK G> MK J\K HJG> D . GJ< F JQ * > D K ML LQH DDQ GFL F < L F L >GJE G> M Q K M Q KL L E FLK KM K DG CK L L L J L L JGM D KLK LGYK H J L GF G> GF JFKZ HJ F HD , L K GFK < J < GG< HJ L> D K LG GFDQ < KHD Q F < L ; FQL F DK DGF K F EG< D.

GL N JQ GFLJGDD J L GF K LK GOF N O > D . F E FQ GFLJGDDdestroy L GF O DD J < J L LG L F< P N O, F D K

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Remove the About Page

\N F MK F L KL L YA GMLZ H LG FN KL L L J IM K

\J D public/about.htmlpublic/about.html :

$ rm public/about.html

* C KMJ QGM\N J EGN < L public/index.htmlpublic/index.html > D K KM KL < JD J:

$ rm public/index.html

GO O \DD DGGC L O QK LG EHD E FL L GE H MK F L >MDD

81


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HL J 15

QF E GE JD J, O K O GO DK F < D N J K EHD KL L O H K.

J O \DD M D<


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U K LGJK GFLJGDD J W L > D O DD app/controllers/visitors_controller.rbapp/controllers/visitors_controller.rb

L J O \DD K L K K GG< G MK O \DD J L K LGL O K L N K LGJ. F DK, L J K G>L F EG< D O L L K E F(L GM GFLJGDD J F MK < L >JGE EMDL HD EG< DK).

Naming ConventionsDK K H CQ GML D KK F E K F< > D F E K. L\K MK G>

GF> MJ L GFZ HJ F HD . BQ J IM J F JL F F E F H LL JFK, DGF> MJ L GF > D K.

B >GJ O DGGC L D KK F< > D F E GFN FL GFK, J \K FGL GL JE FGDG Q:

U KLJ F K K IM F G> J L JK

U QGM\J DGGC F L F P EHD G> DGO J K KLJ F K K H J L <

U L LD K E FK L J K F F L D H L D LL J F KLJ F

U E D K GFL FK H L D D LL J F L E GJ D KK F E K:

U class Visitor < ActiveRecord::Base W L EG< D D KK F E K H L D RU class VisitorsController < ApplicationController W >GJ GFLJGDD J, GE F

EG< D F E O L Y GFLJGDD JZ F E D K

J J L JMD K >GJ > D F E K. Q J DO QK DGO J K , O L OGMF< JK GJ K (KF C K ):

U L EG< D > D F E E L K L EG< D D KK F E , ML DGO J app/ app/ models/visitor.rbmodels/visitor.rb

U L GFLJGDD J > D F E E L K L GFLJGDD J D KK F E , MP EHD app/controllers/visitors_controller.rbapp/controllers/visitors_controller.rb

U L N OK >GD< J E L K L EG< D D KK F E , ML HDMJ D FP EHD app/views/visitorsapp/views/visitors

AL > JKL L JMD K E Q K E J LJ JQ, ML O L PH J F L Q O DDGML FG H L D D LL JK GJ KH K F > D F E K K LK GJ FK F

> QGM KLJ Q >JGE L K F E F GFN FL GFK, QGM\DD F GMFL J MF P>JMKLJ L GF.

83
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science)


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Routing

\DD J L L JGML >GJ O EHD E FL L EG< D F< GFLJGDD J

H F L > D config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb . HD L GFL FLK O L L K:

LearnRails : :Application .routes.draw doroot to : 'visitors#new'

end

AFQ J IM KL LG L HHD L GF JGGL (LLH://DG D GKL:3000/) O DD < J L < LG LK LGJK GFLJGDD Jnew L GF.

GL L L L F E G> L HHD L GF K GFL F < F L config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb > D . JD J, J GEE F< < MK F YD JF-J DKZ K L F E G> L HHD L GF KG

F L G< J .

GF\L GN JDQ GF JF < GML MF< JKL F< F L P L KQFL P G> LGE > E D J KGGF F< QGM F DGGC MH L < L DK F L J > J FDK M < K: GML F >JGE L MLK < F.

F F J D, O F QGM F GF> MJ L GF > D QGM EMKL J KL JL QGO N J, L config/routes.rbconfig/routes.rb > D K F P HL GF. GM QGM F < LG KL JL L K JN J:

$ rails server

K L L HLLH://DG D GKL:3000/. GM\DD K F JJGJ E KK MK O EHD E FL < L GFLJGDD J. JJGJ E KK , YMF F L D R < GFK

E FK DK K DGGC F >GJ K LGJK GFLJGDD J F< F\L > F< L.

Model*GKL DK EG< DK G L F < L >JGE < L K . F QGM MK < Lrails generate model GEE F< LG J L EG< D L L F J LK >JGE L A L NF< CFGOK GO LG GFF L LG < L K .

MJ LMLGJ D HHD L GF F JO J L M Q D KK O L E L G D app/models/owner.rbapp/models/owner.rb :

84
http://localhost:3000/http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.htmlhttp://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.htmlhttp://localhost:3000/


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class Owner

def namename = 'Foobar Kadigan'

end

def birthdatebirthdate = Date .new( 1990 , 9, 22 )

end

def countdowntoday = Date .todaybirthday = Date .new(today.year, birthdate.month, birthdate.day)countdown = (birthday - today).to_i

end

end

K K QGMJ > JKL DGK DGGC L M Q G< . G PH

H F E F< L L O J MK F L PL > D LG J L F KLJ L GF LL GEHML J\K E EGJQ. G>LO J J L LK DD L K KLJ L GFKobjects. F M Q,

N JQL F O J L F< E F HMD L K Fobject. G < KL F M K GF G L >JGE < > F L K class , N L class name , F< HJG J E N GJ F L >GJE G> methods.

> JKL D Fclass Owner < > F K L D KK F< KK FK F E . D KLend D F GEHD L

L D KK < > F L GF. < > F L J E L GGJ YE L G< < > F L GFZ) F< F< F end .

U def name V end

U def birthdate V end

U def countdown V end

E L G< GFL FK K EHD M Q G< L L KK FK < L LG N JL < L >GJ MK F GMJ N O > D Qinstantiating L D KK FGJ E L G< LGreturn < L O F DD


86/195

F KK F FQ N DM LG N J D , F DM< F string ( K J K G> J L JK L LOGJ< GJ F E ) KM K Y GG J < F.Z M Q J G F R K KLJ F O

F DGK < F K F D GJ J L GF ( float).

*GJ FL J KL F DQ, FQ M Q G L F KK F < LG N J D . JGMF G LK L L J KMHHD < O L M Q. M

J < > F < Q L M Q A (application programming interface); KK FL DDQ L AL DG G> HJ M DL D KK K L L J M D< F DG CK >GJ FQ HHD

MD >GJ O HHD L GFK. JF FQGM KL JL < O L M Q HJG J EE F ; LL F LG CFGO L A D KK KD M Q.

Date D KK K HJGN < < Q L M Q A . L K < K J < F LM Q A J > J FGJ LDate D KK ( L\K MJ < < H F L L ML M Q D F M ), O \< K L K > J EGJ GEHD P L F L K EHD < > F GJE GEHD P D F< J J

N J D Kbirthdate F< today J instancesG> L Date D KK. > O KM LJ Ltoday >JGEbirthday , L Date D KK D MD L K L FME J G> < QK J E F F MFL D

J KMDL E L >J L GF D KG O MK L ML D LQ E L GGJ KK F F L LG Lcountdown N J D .

K K F P EHD G> L HGO J G> HJG J EE F F M Q. GL L L H J J H K F< GN J 600 OGJ G< .

KLJ L GFK ( D KK < > F L GF, E L G< < > F L GF, N J D KK FF< FL J GFN JK GF) ML L Q J HJ K FL L GMK F D F K G> GEHD E FL L GF. L CFGOD < G> M Q KQFL P F< L M Q A , >G< F L PL > D N K MK E R F D LQ.

> QGM O FL EGJ DH O L HJG J EE F GF HLK F< L JE FGDG Q, JF LG JG J E Q J K F .

L\K K GO O F HML L K >MF L GF D LQ LG MK GF O H .

86
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View

OF J EG< D HJGN < K L < L O O FL LG K GF L GE H .

\DD J L L E JCMH F< D QGML F O > D F< D K G F >GD< JK F L app/views/ app/views/ < J LGJQ. F LQH D HHD L GF, GF J F< J EMDL HD N OK, KG O E C >GD< J LG E L GFLJGDF O >GD< J MK F QGMJ > D JGOK J GJ L PL < LGJ. J MK L F Pmkdir GEE F D app/views/visitors/new.html.erbapp/views/visitors/new.html.erb :

Home

Welcome to the home of .

I was born on .

Only days until my birthday!

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http://railsapps.github.io/rails-haml.htmlhttp://slim-lang.com/http://slim-lang.com/http://railsapps.github.io/rails-haml.html


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Controller

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase


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class VisitorsController < ApplicationController

def new

@owner = Owner .newrender 'visitors/new'

end

end

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Scaffolding

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F< GFLJGDD J > D K.

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H F< MFF F M CDQ O L >>GD< F Z O K GOK GO LG MK rails generate scaffold GEE F< LG J L EG< D, N O, F< GFLJGDD J > D KGH J L GF. LM< FLK G>L F MK K >>GD< F LG J L K EHD DK

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$ git add -A$ git commit -m "dynamic home page"$ git push

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Interactive Ruby Shell

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92


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$ irb2.0.0p0 :001 >

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2.0.0p0 :001 > n = 2=> 2

2.0.0p0 :002 > n + 2=> 4

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2.0.0p0 :001 > n = 10=> 10

2.0.0p0 :002 > if n < 102.0.0p0 :003?> puts "small"2.0.0p0 :004?> else

2.0.0p0 :005 > puts "big"2.0.0p0 :006?> endbig

=> nil2.0.0p0 :007 >

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93


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2.0.0p0 :001 > load './mytest.rb'

Q1'00'+% B

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$ irb2.0.0p0 :001 > exit

L#a + M # A 10 B

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