Leaders Honor Bill of Rights as Key to Victory · An Axis victory, he predicted, means "freedom will disappear utterly from the lace of the earth." Recalling that thousands of men.

Leaders HonorBill of Rights asKey to VictoryCity Rallies Pear Lehman,

Mayor Predict Defeatfor AH Foes of Liberty

The 150th anniversary of theadoption of the Bill of Rights, firstten amendments to the Constitu-tion, was commemorated in New Yorkyesterday at many celebrations atwhich speakers, including MayorP. H. LaCuardia and Governor Her-bert H. Lehman, proclaimed theprinciples embodied in the amend-ments to be the principles for whichAmerica is fighting today.

While Hitler, Mussolini and theMikado are still capable of aggres-sion and tyranny, speakers said,the freedoms guaranteed in the Billof Rights—freedom of speech andof religion and of the press, freedomof assembly and the right of trialby jury—are in jeopardy.

President Roosevelt, in a messageto Herbert Bayard Swope, chairmanof the Bill of Rights Sesqui-Centen-nial defense luncheon, held at theCommodore, said that "no clearerand more eloquent statement of OUTcause was ever written than isembodied in the American Bill ofRights."

President Roosevelt's MessageThe President's message, read at

the luncheon by Mr. Swope, follows:"I am delighted to know that you

are holding a luncheon in New Yorkto celebrate the sesqui-centennialof the Bill of Rights. There neverwas a time when the real innermeaning of the Bill o Righ\s wasmore manifestly clear to all Ameri-cans and to all human beings thannow. It is precisely for the preser-vation of the rights guaranteed bythe first ten amendments of theConstitution that we are now com-pelled to fight. No clearer or moreeloquent statement of our cause wasever written than is embodied in theAmerican Bill of Rights."

Governor Lehman, speaking at aBill of Rights celebration on thesteps of the Sub-Treasury Building,Walt and Nassau Streets, said free-dom for the United States and itsAllies never can be achieved throughcompromise or appeasement of theAxis powers.

"Enemies of AH Freedom""This war is an all-out fight." the

Governor declared. "The Nazi, theFascist, the Japanese are irreconcil-able enemies of all freedom. Theymust go; they or we will survive;they or we will influence man's des-tinies for generations, perhaps cen-turies, to come."

Governor Lehman warned that Ifthe democracies lose the war, "timewill turn back much more than 150years," to the day when man was"a beast of burden, without rights,without hope and without dignity."An Axis victory, he predicted, means"freedom will disappear utterly fromthe lace of the earth."

Recalling that thousands of men.gave their lives in the fight to makejAmerica the home of freedom, theGovernor asked his listeners to re-member that "freedom was riotachieved the easy way."

"Ifc was won by long1, agonizingwar, which tried .the souls of menin the crucible of devotion andcourage," he said, adding that inthe new war the United States mustwin or lose its freedom.

'Victory will be ours," GovernorLehman asserted. "Of that therecan be no doubt."

Warns of Anxiety AheadThe Governor warned that In the

days ahead ".there will be nights ofanxiety and agony" and that "deathand suffering are inevitable." Heasked the nation to "enlist whole-heartedly in the great crusade forfreedom and security and peace."

"All men and women and evenchildren in tills conflict," j je con-tinued, "are privileged * to play acourageous and useful part in thedefense of their country."

Governor Lehman called PresidentRoosevelt a "courageous and de-,termined Commander-in-Chief" and!said: "His is the clearest voice forfreedom in the world today. His isan unshakable determination thatbarbarism will be crushed and free-dom preserved."

The Sub-Treasury Building standson the site of old Federal Hall, firstcapitol of the United States. It wasthere that the first Congress adopted.the Bill of Rights on Sept. 25, 1789. \On Dec. 15, 1791, the final necessary!state ratification was voted by Vir-!

ginia. In commemoration Governor,James H. Price, of Virginia, follow-ing Governor Lehman's talk, whichwas broadcast over the Blue net-work of the National BroadcastingCompany, spoke from Richmond onthe same

Mart* Assails TyrantsAt the sesqui-ceritoiinial luncheon

Mayo~- LaGuardia delivered a speechin which he said the governments ofJapan and Germany could not standten minutes if those nations enjoyeda Bill of Rights.

"The Mikado reigns by making hispeople believe he has descended fromHeaven," the Mayor said. "And con-sider Adolf Hitler, that poor deludedfool, who really believes he is a goodersatz for the Almighty."

The time has come, Mayor La-Guardia said, when Americans mustgive their lives in defense of the"principles of the Bill of Rights.

"We must be realistic." he said. '/Wecan't preserve and protect the Bilof Rights any longer by oratory. Wecan not do it any longer as we wantedto do it—by restraint and by example.We catmot perpetuate it at this timeand make it effective by literatureor pamphlets. We must protect theserights with our very lives."

At a ceremony in City Hall Plazaat noon Mayor LaGuardia called 01the people of New York to girdthemselves for a battle for freedom

"Today, as Mayor of the City oNew York," he said, "it is my proudprivilege to proclaim that in NewYork City, a typical American citypeopled from the descendants of.every country in the world, we standunited, ready to do our part. Amer-ica is ready. We are prepared tomeet the situation. Men and womenof New York, on to the fight." .

Helen Hayes, actress, read the tenamendments, each of which, inci-dentally, was reproduced in largesigns in City Hall Park. The cere-mony included a parade and mass-ing of colors by war veterans andBoy Scouts.

Josephus Daniels, retiring Ambas-sador to Mexico, speaking at thelesqui-centennlal luncheon at theCommodore, said "the brightest star

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his own, ox* a mind of his own,or a tongue of his own, or a tradeof his own; or even to live wherehe pleases or to marry the womanhe loves;

That his only duty is the dutyof obedience, not to his God, andnot to his conscience, taut toAdolph Hitler; and that his onlyvalue is his value, not as a man,but as a unit of the Nazi state.

The Order "of Force"To Hitler the ideal of the peo-

ple, as we conceive it—the free,self-governing and responsiblepeople—is incomprehensible. Thepeople, to Hitler, are "the masses"and the highest human idealismis, in his own words, that a manshould wish to become "a dustparticle" of the order "of force"which is to shape the universe.

To Hitler, the government, aswe conceive it, is an impossibleconception. The government tohim is not the servant' and thVinstrument ox the people, buttheir absolute master and thedictator of their every act.

To Hitler the Church, as weconceive it, is a monstrosity to bedestroyed by every means at hiscommand. The Nazi church is tobe the "national church," "abso-lutely and exclusively in the serv-ice of but one doctrine, race andnation."

To Hitler, the freedom of mento think as they please and speakas they please and worship asthey please is, of all things im-aginable, most hateful and mostdesperately to be feared.

The issue of our time, the issneof the war in which we are en-gaged, is the issue forced upon thedecent, self-respecting peoples ofthe earth by the aggressive dog-mas ei this attempted revival ofbarbarism, this proposed returnto tyranny, this effort to imposeagain upon the peoples of theworld doctrines of absolute obedi-ence, and of dictatorial rule, andof the suppression of truth, and ofthe oppression of conscience,which the free nations of the earthhave long ago rejected.Attempt to "Cancel Out Liberty"

What we face Is nothing morenor less than an attempt to over-throw and to cancel out the greatupsurge of human liberty of whichthe American Bill of Rights isthe fundamental document: toforce the peoples of the earth, andamong them the peoples of thiscontinent, to accept again theabsolute authority and despoticrule from which the courage andthe resolution and the sacrifices;of their ancestors liberated "themmany, many years ago.

It is an attempt which couldsucceed only if those who haveinherited the gift of liberty hadlost the manhood to preserve it.But we Americans know that the

deterioration <#• this generationof our people to preserve liberty isas fixed and certain as the de-

termination of that earlier genera-tion of Americans to win it.

We will not, under any threat,or in the face of any danger, sur-render the guaranty of liberty ourforefathers framed for us in ourBill of Rights.

We hold with all the passion ofour hearts and minds to thosecommitments of the humaii spirit

We are solemnly determinedthat no power or combination ofpowers of this earth shall shakeour hold upon them.

We covenant with each otherbefore all the world, that havingtaken up arms in the defense ofliberty, we will not lay them downbefore liberty is once again securein the world we Jive in. For thatsecurity we pray; for that securitywe act—now and evermore.

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NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1941

Massing the Colors at City Hall on Anniversary of the Bill of Rights

Herald Tribune—Ke»JLe/i to right, in center foreground, are Mayor LaGuardia, Helen Hay as and Brigadier General William J, Costigan (retired) during play

ing of the national anthem before City Hall yesterday. Farther to the right are Civil War veterans who attended the ceremonies

Roosevelt on Bill of RightsWASHINGTON, Dec. 15 (IF).—The

.complete text of President Roose-Ivelt's Bill of Rights Day addressfollows:

No date in the long history offreedom me&ns more to liberty-loving men in all liberty-lovingcountries than the fifteenth day,of December, 1791. On that day,150 years ago, a new nation,through an elected Congress,adopted a declaration of humanrights which has influenced thethinking of all mankind i'rom oneend of the world to the other.

There is not a single republicon this hemisphere which has notadopted in its fundamental lawthe basic principles of freedom ofman and freedom of mind enactedin the American Bill of Rights,

There is not a country, large or.\ small, on this continent which has. not felt the influence of thatdocument, directly or indirectly.

Indeed, prior to the year 1933,the essential validity of the Amer-ican Bill o£ Rights was acceptedat least in principle.- Even today,with the exception of Germany,Italy and Japan, the peoples ofthe world—in all probability four-fifths of them—support its prin-ciples, its teachings and its glori-ous results.

Challenge In 193$But, in the year 1933, there came

to power in Germany a politicalclique which did not accept thedeclarations of the American billof human rights as valid: A smallclique of ambitious and unscrup-ulous politicians whose announcedand admitted platform was pre-cisely the destruction of therights that instrument declared.Indeed, the entire piogiam andgoal of these political and moraltigers was nothing more than theoverthrow, throughout the earth,of the great revolution of humanliberty, of which our AmericanBill of Rights is the mothercharter.

The" truths which •were sell-evident to Thomas Jefferson—which have been self-evident t:the six generations of American!who followed him—were to thesimen hateful. The rights to lifeliberty and the pursuit of happi>.ness which seemed to Jefferson•and which seem to us, inalienablewere, to Hitler and his fellowsempty words which they piopose<to cancel forever.

The propositions they advancecto take the place of Jefferson's in-

4 alienable rights were tries?:That the individual humat

being hss no rights whatever is

( himself and by virtue of hlihumanity;

That the individual hirm. sbeing has no right to a soul d

nirT^ni^^mmm|]jg||||i||it|-iT1r) tirii-1

-

"If," he said, "there are thosewho are stupid enough or evilenough to believe that they cansave their properties or theirskins by compromise or appease-ment they ignore or arc blind tothe history of totalitarian aggres-sion. We win the war or we loseour freedom.

"This war was not of ourmaking. Our enemies gave theUnited States ,no choice of de-cision. These evil men who wouldwipe freedom from the face ofthe earth decided that this was

j the time to strike. The Japaneseattack on us inspired by Hitlercame ruthlessly, without warningand with complete disregard ofail decency and fairness.

No Doubt of Victory."Victory will be ours—of that

there can be no doubt. We willnot compromise with the forcesof evil. But do not let us be un-der any delusion. It is no easytask to which we have set our-selves. There are grave daysahead. There will be nights ofanxiety and agony. Death andsuffering are inevitable. No oneof us can escape paying a pricein life and limb or in tears andsuffering. No one of us willavoid—or wish to avoid bearingthe burdens that we must shoul-der. All of us must enlist whole-heartedly in the great crusadefor freedom and security andpeace.

"Some of us will fight with afSfle in our hands. Some* willfight to preserve the home front.There will be a task for each oneof us. No matter how small or•unspectacular that task may beit must be performed faithfullyand willingly. Each one of us isa sentinel on duty. Each mustbe a cog in the great machinethat will move slowly but steadilyforward to crush barbarism andpaganism and to bring lastingpeace and security again to awar-torn world. And as war isfought today the civilian has al-most as great responsibility asthe fighting man in the frontline trenches. All men and womenand even children in this conflictare privileged to play a cour-ageous and useful part in de-fense of their country."

Mayor Poses Some Questions.Pointing to the sign boards in

f'ont of City Hall and takingeach cUT.de in it, the Mayorasked:

"Could Hitler, the Mikado orMussolini remain in power iftheir people had freedom ofspeech? Could their governmentsretain power if they had a pro-vision as to the right to bear

arms? Could they last at ail tf|their peoplo were free to assem-ble and discuss public issues?Could they maintain concentra-tion camps and continue a policyof persecution if they had a pro-vision for indictment and trial by

1 jury? Could they for a momenthave freedom of religion whenthe Mikado and Hitler are de-luded into believing that theyare the ersatz for the Almighty?"To each question he replied inthe negative.

"It is not sufficient to cele-brate what we have" he con-tinued. "We must devote our-selves to holding what we have.My friends, that means fight.That jneans fight. That' meansnow that the war has been de-jclared upon us, we must defendnot only our shores and our peo-jpie, but our institutions—the:very things that we are com-memorating today. It is not go-ing to be an easy task. It isgoing to be hard and difficultand trying and long. We cannot

do it by speeches. We must doit by offering our lives. It willbe costly in lives, but worthwhile.

"Today, as Mayor of the cityof New York, a typical Americancity, people from the descend-ants of every country in theworld—we stand united, ready to| do our part. America is ready.We are prepared to meet thesituation. Men and women ofNew York, to the fight."

Nazi attempts at penetrationin the twenty-one American re-1publics have failed, Mr. Danielsdeclared in his address. In fact,they have so outraged the sove-reign rights that the republicshave joined forces to preservetheir independence and to end thetotalitarian menace to the seou-jrity of the world, he said.

The United States good-neigh-bor policy has done more to ce-ment this hemisphere solidaritythan any "other solvent thatcould be employed."

Solidarity with Mexico"A short while before the day

of infamy which precipitatedwar," he added," President AvilioComancho of Mexico commis-sioned me to convey to PresidentRoosevelt assurances that hiscountry would be found standingby our country for the libertiesthey both cherish."

He concluded his address withia warning that we must exercise [vigilance that the Bill of Rights'is not ivolated in our effort to|preserve it. . I

We must," he said, "whenshort-sighted men would invokethe sort of censorship that hasdisgraced the totalitarian coun-tries and their victim nations,

| hold aloft the Bill of Rights as aI pillar.of cloud by day and a pil-lar of fire by night."

Special statements from many| organizations and a meeting thismorning at the Federal Court-house under the auspices of theBill of Rights Committee of theFederal Bar Association wereamong other observances here ofthe anniversary of the first tenamendments written to safeguardindividual liberty.

Parade Precedes Exercises.On the program before the cere

monies at City Hall was a paradeof representatives of all AmericanLegion posts, the Red Cross, theAmerican Women's VoluntaryServices, soldiers and sailorsfrom the Second Corps Area andthe navy yard in Brooklyn, Policeand Fire Department bands andthe American Legion fife anddrum corps. The parade, start-ing at 11:30 and circling City Hall$*ark to its destination before theSteps, was led by Lawrence A.McNally, New York county com-mander of the American Legion.

The invocation was given by theEight 'Rev. Mgr. Francis W.Walsh, consultor of the CatholicArchdiocese of New York andvicar delegate of the army andnavy diocese. Rabbi David begfola Pool of the Spanish Portu-guese Synagogue spoke. RiseStevens, the Metropolitan OperaCompany soprano, sang "TheSftar-Spangled Banner" and Helenifayes will read the Bill krfRights, whose four freedoms, in-

, eluding freedom of religion, ofspeech, of the press and peacefulassembly, have been more ar-dently defended than any othersection of the Constitution.

Pageant to Be Presented.A pageant staged by Leonidoff,

the singing by the Leonard LaurChorus of a new compositioncalled "Bill of Rights" and thej benediction by the Rev. TheodoreF. Savage, president of the NewYork City Federation of Churches,closed the_City Hall ceremonies. (

At the"Fe~deral~Bar 'Associationobservance this morning, MarkRisner, member of the New YorkBar and former chairman of theBoard of Higher Education ofNew York, declared that if thisnation would know why enemieshave declared war on her, shemust seek the answer in her Billof Rights.

"This precious, document, cher-ished by our nation and all freemen for a century and a half, isthe real objective of the at-tackers," Mr. Risner said. "So

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long as the spirit of these firstten amendments to our Constitu-tion will be' maintained in thisland, so long will the totalitarianenemies remain frustrated intheir efforts to impose theirdevilish will upon the world."

In several Jewish groups thecelebartion of the Bill of Rightsanniversary is being combinediwith the observance of the Han-

:

Hun Staff I*hc

Children reading Articlt I. at the City Hall Plaza.

ukkah Festival, which falls in thesame week, Announcing the jointcelebrations by thr 400 sister-hoods of the Women's League ofthe United Synagogue of Amer-

ica, Mrs. Samuel Spiegel, nationalpresident, emphasized that thekindling of the Hanukkah lightscommemorates the ages whonthe Jewish people were strug-

gling for their right to worshipas they saw fit.

Palestine Rally Tonight."The Bill of Rights and Han-

ukkah Lights'" will be the themeof a Palestine pioneer rally ofthe New York Council of thePioneer Women's Organizationtonight at the Hotel Astor. Ab-

.raham Dickenstein, * representa-tive of the Palestine Workers'IBank, who arrived from Pales-tine last week after a trans-Pa-cific flight, will report on serv*ices by the Palestine Labor Fed-eration in the Allied war effort.The clipper on which Mr. Dicken-stein returned stopped at Hono-jlulu only a few days before theiJapanese bombings. Mrs. Archi-bald Siiverman, Zionist leader,who recently completed a tour ofSouth Amreica, will be anotherspeaker at the pioneer rally.

Copies of a condensed versionof the Bill of Rights will be dis-tributed today in the HaarenHigh School, Aviation Annex, 215East 99th street.

The original parchment of thiscondensation, under the heading, jr"What Every American ShouldKnow: The Ten Commandmentsof Americanism by Virtue of theBill of Rights," which has al-ready been signed py the Govern- Jtors of fifteen States, will be pts-jfseated to, the Library of Co«-|(gress when the remaining Gov-ernors have signed it.

Other speakers at the Sub-treasury ceremony were GeorgeMcAneny, chairman of the Fed-eral Hall Memorial Associates;Major-Gen. Irving J. Phillipson,commandant of the Second CorpsArea; Mrs. Helen Pouch, presi-dent-general of the Daughters ofthe American Revolution; Wil-liam T. Van Alstyne, president-general of the Sons of the Revo-lution; Capt. Richard V. Good-win, president of the EmpireState Society of the S. A. R., andMajor Elihu Church, president ofthe New York State Society "ofthe Cincinnati.

The Federal judiciary observed,the day with ceremonies in theFederal Building with membersof the Federal Bai* Association ofNew York, New Jersey and Con-necticut, and with other Federal

bench for forty years he ha<.seen the Bill of Rights in operation and that it was soundMathias F. Correa, United State;Attorney5; who is enga£rounding up enemy aliens, pointed. out in his address that eventhey could look to the Bi!;. otRights for protection.

Other addresses were made byformer United States AttorneyMartin Conboy, former Collectorof Internal Revenue Mark Sisner,and Judge Edward A. Conger.

officials.Former Chief Judge Frederick

E. Crane of the Court of Appealstold the assembled jurists andlawyers that in sitting on the

THE NEW YORK SUN, MONDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1941.

CITY CELEBRATES BILL OF RIGHTS ANNIVERSARY

Sim Staff Photo.

HAILS OUR BILL OF RIGHTS

LEHMAN WARNSOF PERILS THATBESET FREEDOMTune Will Be Set Back 150Years if feta**, He Says

Many Patriotic Groups March toCity Hall to Participate in

Anniversary Rally.

If the United States loses thiswar, time will turn back 150years, Gov. Lehman declared to-day in an address on the stepsof the Sub-Treasury Building atBroad and Wall streets in oneof several ceremonies in vvnichthe city joined the nation to ob-

Waiting for ceremonies at City Hall Plaza to begin.

a. 1.1

"Time will turn back," said the!Governor, "to the medieval ageswhen man was merely a beast ofburden, without rights, withoutHope and without dignity. If welose this fight, freedom will dis-appear utterly from the face ofthe earth."

In City Hall Park wher. ternbig billboards had been erected,'each displaying in large letters'one clause of the Bill of Rights,!Mayor LaGuardia told about i5,000 persons at noon that Hitler,Muss^ini and the Mikado couldnot i e main in power if theircountries had such an instru-ment.

sephus camelsS

Gov. Lfc* the Allies a

victory

PAGES 20 AND 21 DAILY MIRROR TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1941

Liberty

A dense crowd stands bareheadedin City Hall Plaza, beneath a mon-tage of the Bill of Rights, celebrat-ing 150th anniversary of adoption of

that freedom-giving document.

(Mirror)

fothe Fight!'

Brandishing a fist to em-phasize his fiery words,Mayor Fiorello LaGuardiatold listeners at Bill of RightsDay ceremonies, "It is notsufficient to celebrate whatwe have. We must devoteourselves to holding what

we have."

The crowd stands bare-headed as the "Star SpangledBanner" rings out over CityHall Plaza. Color guardsfrom veteran and patrioticorganizations presented themassing of colors as a setting

for the anthem.(Mirror)

(Mirror)- - - - - (.Mirrorj

I Another commemorative ceremony was held at the Sub-|. ! Treasury Building, beneath the statue of our first presi- f

) dent, George Washington. Gov. Lehman is shown speaking. |

.

LONG WAR, BUTWORTHWHILE, ISLEHMAN VIEWj A long, hard war wiih enemies!j"more ruthless, more cruel, more,ambitious than any that ever-ex-iisted on this earth," laces the;American people, Gov. Lehman de-clared yesterday before a cheeringthrong of 2,000 persons atcises commemorating the 350th an-niversary of the Bill of Eights.

The ceremonies were conductedat 12:30 P. M. in front of the Sub-Treasury Building, Wall and Nas-sau Sts., site of the former FederalHall and first U. S. Capitol, wherethe Bill of Rights was passed bythe first Congress on Sept. 25,1789.Part of the program came by radiofrom Richmond, Va., where finalratification was voted Dec. 15,1791.

Freedom Won by War."Freedom was not achieved the

easy way, but was won by long,agonizing war," the Governor said."In this war, victory will be ours,and of that there can be no doubt."

In City Hall Plaza at noon, about6,000 persons, including warveterans and members of patrioticsocieties, heard Mayor LaGuardiadeclare it a day for "dedicatingour lives to the protection andpreservation of the liberties andlights contained in these 10 amend-ments."

"It is not going to be an easytask," LaGuardia said. "We can-pot do it by speeches. We must doit by offering our lives. It willbe costly in lives, but worthwhile."

Bill of Rights Read.T)nrini» the

Tokio, Texas,Wants K. • •Tokio, Tex., Dec. 15 (U.R).—

"K. O. Tokio" was adopted to-day as the slogan of this littleWest Texas town of three stores,a school and a few dozen houses.

"We don't want to change thename of the town," said D. E.Green, postmaster, "but we'dlike to see some Americanbombers change the city it'snamed for."

Mathias Correa, U. S. Attorney;'ert i Frederick H. Crane, former chief

1 judge of the Court of Appeals,and Marke Eisner, former chair-man of the Board of HigherEducation.

(Picture on page 31)

Bill of RightsIs Observed Solemnly"

Both Governor and the MayorWarn of Trials Ahead of U. S.

The Bill of Rights, the document that guaranteesour individual liberties and incorporated in our Consti-tution 150 years ago with the ratification (by VirginiaDec. 15, 1791, was heralded today by Gov. Lehman andMayor La Guardia in the first of a series of commemora-tive rallies throughout the city.

Nationwide observance will cul-*minate tonight in network, broad-casts scheduled from 10 to lip.m.,when President Roosevelt willspeak during the last quarter-hourof the program,

'Grave Days Ahead.'The tone of oov. Lehman's ad-

dress was serious as he spoke fromthe Sub-Treasury steps at Walland Nassau Sts., built on the sitewhere George Washington took hisoath of office as our first Presi-dent.

"There are grave days ahead,"the Governor warned. "There willbe nights of anxiety and agony.Death and suffering are inevitable.No one of us can escape paying aprice in life and limb or in tearsand suffering.

"Do not let - us be under any-delusion," cautioned the Gov-ernor. "It is no easy task towhich we have set ourselves. Butvictory will be ours—of that therecan be no doubt. We will notcompromise with the forces ofevil." To do sp,- Gov. Lehmansaid, "would turn us back to me-dieval ages, when man was mere-ly a beast of burden, withoutrights, without hope, without dig-

nity."Two-way Broadcast,

A two-way broadcast of theGovernor's speech was made withVirginia, Gov. James H. Priceof that-state responding.

Mayor La Gliardia, addressingveterans' organizations from the•teps at City Hall, said that the

Bill of Rights was the supremeissue in this war.

"This is a dedication, ratherthan a commemoration of the Billof Rights," the Mayor told theassembled crowd of some 2000."They mark the contrast betweena democracy and a dictatorship.Could Hitler, theMussolini remain

Mikado andin power if

those countries had freedom ofspeech? Why, of course not!

"Could they last at all, if theirpeople had the freedom to assem-ble and discuss public issues?Could they for a moment havefreedom of religion when the Mi-kado and Hitler are deluded intobelieving they are ersatzAlmighty? America is

of theready.

Men and women of New York,on to the fignt!"; The Mayor's dramatic call toarms closed the colorful meeting,which, included the reading of theBill of Rights by Helen Hayes andthe singing of the Star Spangled'jBanner by Rise Stevens of theMetropolitan Opera.

06 0 ^-0.03^_ or

r>AiLyMIRROR

TUESDAY

DECEMBER1€1941

!50th Yr.of'Rights'BillHailed in Ceremonies

Bill of Rights Day, the 150th anniversary of the adop-tion of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, wascelebrated throughout New York yesterday in ceremonies,the most elaborate of which took place on City Hall steps.

A parade that began in Foley.,.Square joined 7,000 persons whoheard the Mayor's address, theBill of Rights read by HelenHayes and the "Star Spangled

can Legion, a group of BoyScouts and Camp Fire Girls, and;the Fort Jay band added color!to the scene. Hilda Burke, of theMetropolitan Opera, was dressedas Miss Liberty as she sang thenational anthem. ,,_

Banner" sung by Rose Stevens,accompanied by Meyer Davis.Ten huge posters, each bearingone of the amendments, werebackdrops.

Marching were' the AmericanLegion, Veterans of ForeignWars, the GAR, the United Span-ish War Veterans, the CatholicWar Veterans, the Jewish WarVeterans, the Red Cross, theRainbow Division Veterans, theAmerican Volunteer Women'sService, the Army and NavyLegion of Valor and color guardsfrom the Navy and Marine Corps.

World Issues"The very provisions of the

Bill of Rights bring out theissues in the world today,"Mayor LaGuardia said.

"Could Hitler or the Mikadoor Mussolini remain in powerif they had freedom of speech?Why, of course not But it isnot sufficient to celebrate whatwe have. We must devote our-selves to holding what we have.My friends, that means fight.We must do it by offering our

lives. Men and women of NewYork, on to the ght!"On the steps of the Sub-Treas-

ury Building, the site of FederalHall, where the Bill of Rightswas passed by the first Congress,Gov. Lehman spoke o na radioprogram that picked up greetingsfrom Gov. Price of Virginia,speaking from the steps of theState Capitol in Richmond. Gov.Lehman said:

"Freedom was not achievedthe easy way. It was won bylong, agonizing w a r whichtried the souls of men in thecrucible of devotion and cour-age. Brave men and womenbought freedom for us withtheir blood and their sacrifice.

"This war is an all-out fight.The Nazi, the Fascist, the Japa-nese are irreconcilable enemiesof all freedom. They or wemust go; they or we will sur-,vive; they or we will influenceman's destinies for generations,perhaps centuries to come. We jface the future with calmness iand with courage. The preser-vation of our country and free-dom for our children and theirchildren are the causes forwhich we fight."The Wall St. Post of the Ameri-

*. StatementThe President and Mrs, Roose-

velt were unable to att«nd aluncheon held by , the Bill ofRights Sesqui-Centennial Com-mittee yesterday, but the Presi-dent greeted the rally in a letter

w

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H P MI w . O

S a f §™"§a *CO

written than Is embodied in theAmerican Bill of Rights."

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In the midst of a war to pre-serve their freedom, Americanscelebrated today the 150th an-niversary of the adoption of 1heBiU of Rights, the constitutionalguarantee of their civil liberties.

The climax of the day willcome tonight, when PresidentRoosevelt will speak over allradio networks between 10 and11 p. m.

Mayor LaGuardia set thetheme for the observance inNew York City at ceremoniesunder the auspices of patrioticsocieties and veterans' organi-zations in City Hall Plaza atnoon.

"It is not a day of celebra-t:on," he said. "It is a dayof dedication, of dedication ofcv.r lives to the protection andpreservation of the liberties andrights contained in the tenamendments. The Bill of Rightsbrings out the issue in theworld today, the conflict be-tween democracy and dictator-ship. If the Axis Powers areto prevail, the Bill of Rightsgoes into the discard, and wedo not intend to discard it."

He declared that totalitariangovernments could not endurefor a moment if their peoplehad the rights of speech andassembly guaranteed in the Billof Rights.Helen Hayes Reads

"Could they for a momenthave freedom of religion," heasked, "when the Mikado andHitler are deluded into believ-ing that they are the ersatz forthe Almighty?"

The massing of the colors inCity Hall Plaza took place be-fore a background of 10 hugebunting-draped placards, eachbearing one of the articles ofthe Bill of Rights. Helen Hayesread the text of the Constitu-tional guarantees.

Gov. Lehman, speaking fromthe steps of the Subtreasury atBroad and Wall Sts., declared

b the war "an all-out fight be-tween freedom loving peoplesand the enemies of freedom."

"They or we must go," hesaid. "They or we must survive.If we lose this fight, freedomwill disappear utterly from theface of the earth."

He took part in a two-waybroadcast with Gov. James H.Price of Virginia, who spokefrom the steps of the Capitolat Richmond.

It was Virginia which votedon Dec. 15, 1791, the final rati-fication of the Bill of Rightsnecessary to make it a part ofthe Constitution.

TJie Subtreasury here was theplace where Congress met. TOpass the Bill of Rights and sendit to the states for ratification.

Prominent' members of the

bar said that the events of thelast week had given new signifi-cance to the 150th anniversaryof the Bill of Rights, at cere-monies held in the U. S. CourtHouse under the auspices of theFederal Bar Assn. of New York,New Jersey and Connecticut.

U. S. Atty. Correa, one of thespeakers, said that the prin-ciples ofjhe Bill of Rights wouldnot be disregarded in the treat-ment of enemy aliens althoughthey had no claim to its privil-eges.

After the City Hall exercisesLaGuardia spoke at a luncheonat the Hotel Commodore spon-sored by the Bill of Rights Ses-qui-Centennial Committee. EthelBarrymore read Mason's orig-inal manuscript lent for the oc-casion by Dr. A. S. W. Rosen-bach.

On public display at the Li-brary of Congress today wasthe Journal of the House of Rep-resentatives for Aug. 21, 1789,the day Congress voted to sub-mit the charter of liberty to thestates.

Rally at CommodorePresident Roosevelt, in his

proclamation calling for observ-ance of the day, said that "thosewho have long enjoyed suchprivileges as we enjoy in timethat men have died to winthem."

Undersecretary of War Pat-terson, speaking last night at fcdinner held by St. Paul'sChurch, Eastchester, at the Wal-dorf Astoria, said the war wouldresult in voluntary abridgementof some civil rights, but attack-ed ihe "sterile dogma" that theU. S. cannot organize effectivelyto protect democracy withoutlosing democracy at home.

"The sacrifices we civilianswill be called upon to make willb* trifling indeed compared tothe sacrifice of the men wholaid down their lives at PearlHarbor and Luzon," he said.

The National Assn. of Manu-facturers marked the annivers-ary by issuing a statement de-claring that America's industrialprogress, made possible by theBill of Rights, will bring theU. S. "ultimate, smashing vic-tory in this war."

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in LibertyFinds New VoiceAt City If all RiteA vast triangle of living faith — faith in

{democracy, in man's will to freedom, in the con-quering power of democracy made militant — filledCity Hall Park today in one of the most stirringpatriotic celebrations in New York history.

"VYhil American flags waved in a soft Decem-ber breeze, more than 7,000pien and women heard MayorLaGuardia at City Hall exer-cises pay tribute to the Bill of•Eights on its 150th anniversaryjloday with a terse, 300-wordaddress which concluded:

"The people of New York standunited with all the people of allthe cities of America to do theirpart. Men and women of NewYork--on to the fight!"

Thus New York joined the na-tion in commemorating an im-mortal document for which Amer-icans died a century and a halfago and for which another genera-tion of Americans is fightingagain.A NEW MEANING.

The roar of planes, the crash offeembs in the distant Pacific, gaveB«\7 significance to today's day-mng, coast-to-coast* celebrationwhich is to be climaxed tonight byPresident Roosevelt's radio ad-dress at 10:45 p. m.

"This should be a day of dedi-cation, rather than celebration,"declared the Mayor, sounding thekeynote of the national observ-ances as Director of Civilian De-fense. 'A day of dedicating our'lives to the protection and preser-vrtion of the liberties and rightsin these ten Amendments.

"It is not sufficient to celebrate,what we have. We must devoteourselves to holding what we have.My friends, that means fight.

"It is not going to be an easytask. It is going to be hard, anddifficult, and trying, and long. Itwill be costly in lives, but worth-while.

"As Mayor of New York, I amproud to say that New York City—a typical American city, peopled

i the descendants of everycountry in the world—standsunited, ready to do its part."

Almost as the Mayor spoke, Gov.Lehman, addressing a companionassembly at the steps of the sub^Treasury, warned:

"Victory will be ours—of thatthere can be no doubt. We willnot compromise with the forcesof evil. But UJ not let us be underany delusion.

"GRAVE DAYS AHEAD.""There are grave days ahead,

Death and suffering are inevitable.Wo one of us can escape paying aPrice in life and limb, or in tearsand suffering.

"There will be a task for each«ne of us. Each must be a cog in(the great machine that will moveslowly but steadily forward

j crush barbarism and tond paganism

to bring lasting peace and

Worid" a g a I n *w a r - t o r n

i Listening to the Governor as hespoke: were Winthrop Aldrich, rep-resenting the State Chamber ofl £ m , m e r c e : Maj.-Gen. Irving J.jPhillipson, commanding the 2dCorp. Area; George McAneny.chairman of the Federal HallMemorial Associates, and Alexan*der Hamilton, president of theNew York Chapter, Sons of th»American Revolution, and great-'

jreat-grandson of the first Sec-retary of the Treasury.

Hilda Burke, MetropolitanOpera soprano, sang, accompaniedby the Fort Jay Band from Gov-ernors Island. ,

Fire Department bands played,a veterans' parade which began at11 o'clock brought color and mag-nificance to the scene and thenoonday hour was impressive withsilence as Council President New-bold Morris, chairman of the day,introduced Rise Stevens, who sangthe Star Spangled Banner. •

Among those who stood witJbared heads were two Civil WarVeterans, Robert S. Heifertz, 95,and Thomas H. Stritch, also. 95.

Helen Hayes, stage star, read theBill of Rights in a clear voice whichechoed into the far reaches of thepark. Right Rev. Mons. FrancisW. Walsh, Vicar Delegate of theArmy and Navy Diocese, gave theinvocation and Dr. Theodore D.Savage, president of the Federa-tion of Churches, gave the bene-fication. _v^™-_ ——

b.

Rabbi David De Salo Pool, of theSpanish and Portuguese Synagoguespoke on "The Four Freedoms."

Lawrence A. McNally, New YorkCounty Commander 'of the Amer-ican Legion, acted as Marshal ofthe parade, which formed at FoleySquare. ,

VIRGINIAN SPEAKS.The program at the Sub-Treas-

ury, highlighted by Gov. Lehman'saddress, also featured broadcast ofa speech by Gov. James Price ofVirginia, frcm the steps of theState Capitol at Richmond, Va.

The Sub-Treasury building hereis site of the old Federal Hall, firstcapitol of the United States. Itwas in the Virginia capitol thatthe State Legislature ratified theBill of Rights on Dec. 15 1791—the final state action required tomake the document law.

Amwngr otrrer ceremonies todaywas that in Fairfax, Va., whereVice-President Wallace visitedGunston Hall, home of GeorgeMason, the farmer-patriot-states-man who drew up the great docu-ment.

PRESIDENT'S WORDS.President Roosevelt's proclama-

tion calling for the celebration to-day read in part:

"These who have enjoyed suchprivileges as we enjoy forget Intime that men have died to winthem. They come in time to takethese rights for granted and to as-sume their protection is assured.

"We, however, who have seenthese privileges lost in other con-tinents and other countries cannow appreciate their meaning tothose people who enjoyed themonce and now no longer can. Weunderstand in some measure whattheir loss can mean."

Gov. Lehman, Mayor LaGuardiaand U. S. Senator Mead are sche-duled to address the Bill of Rightsdinner of the Americanism Com-mittee, Kings County AmericanLegion, at the St. George Hotel,Brooklyn, tonight.

OF BILL OF RIGHTSDetermination to Preserve ItsFreedoms Is the Keynote of

Rallies and Speeches

ROOSEVELT LETTER READ

Thousands Hear Lehman andLa Guardia at Meetings in

Wall St. and at City Hall'

The 150th anniversary of the Billof Rights was celebrated grimly byan America at war yesterday withwarnings that the nation is, en-gaged in an "all-out fight" againstthe "irreconcilable enemies of free-dom" and that we must "win thewar or lose our freedom."

President Roosevelt, in a letterddressed to one of several rallies

n this city, said it was "preciselyor the preservation of the rights

guaranteed by the first tenmendments of the Constitution,"onstituting the bill of Rights, thatwe are now compelled to fight."

"No clearer or more eloquenttatement of our cause was ever

written than is embodied in theAmerican Bill of Rights," he wrote.

Rally at Old Federal Hall

One of the principal events of theay was a rally in connection with

a radio hookup between the Sub-Treasury Building in Wall Street,ite of the old Federal Hall, andhe Virginia State Capitol at Rich-nond, focal points of the adoptionf the Bill of Rights. It was at theId Federal Hall, first Capitol ofhe United States, that the first

Congress enacted the Bill of Rights,,nd it was in Virginia that ratifi-ation by the Virginia Legislaturen Dec. 15, 5 791, gave the finaltate ratification necessary totiake the amendments effective.

Governor Lehman was the prin-1 cipal speaker at the New York endof the broadcast and GovernorJames H. Price of Virginia spokefrom Richmond., Two thousandmen and women gathered beforethe steps of the Sub-Treasury atnoon and the radio audience heardthe program over a network of theNational Broadcasting Company.

"If we lose this conflict with bar-barism," Governor Lehman de-clared, "time will turn back muchmore than 150 years. It will turnback to the medieval ages whenman was merely a beast of burden,without rights, without hope andwithout dignity. If we lose thisfight, freedom will disappear utter-ly from the face of the earth."

The Governor pointed out thateach man and woman In the coun-try was "a sentinel on duty" andthat each "must be a cog in the

I great machine that will move slow-ly but steadily forward to crushbarbarism and paganism and tobring lasting peace and securityagain to a war-torn world."

The Virginia Governor said halfthe world was without liberty to-day and that the freedom of theUnited States was threatened.

"What the United States doesnow will Influence the trends of theworld for generations to come," hesaid.

5,000 Hear Mayor

Mayor La Guardia told anothernoon crowd of 5,000 at City Hallthat neither the Mikado, Hitler norMussolini could remain in power ifthe people of their countries en-joyed the freedoms granted by theBill of Rights.

Flanked by veterans, the Mayorstood before massed flags as hespoke. Rise Stevens, MetropolitanOpera soprano, sang the nationalanthem, and Mgr. Francis W.Walsh, vicar-delegate of the Armyand Navy Diocese, delivered the in-vocation. Helen Hayes, actress,read the ten articles of the Bill ofRights. Then Mayor La Guardiaspoke.

"The very provisions of the Billof Rights bring out the issue inthe world today," he said, "the con-trast between a democracy and a fdictatorship.

"Could Hitler, the Mikado or|Mussolini remain In power if theirpeople had freedom of speech? Ofcourse not. Could their governmentsretain power if they had a pro- '•vision as to the right to bear arms ? SCould they last at all if their peo- Ipie were free to assemble and dis- \cuss public issues? Could they [maintain concentration camps and *continue a policy of persecution if ithey had a proviso for indictment \and trial by jury? Not at all. }Could they for a moment have free-

i dom of religion when the Mikado jand Hitler are deluded into believ-'ing that they are the Ersatz for theAlmighty? And, therefore, if theAxis powers are to prevail, theBill of Rights goes into the discard,and we do not Intend to discard it.

"It is not sufficient to celebratewhat we have. We must devote jourselves to holding what we have.My friends, that means fight. Thatmeans fight. It is not going to bean easy task. We cannot do it byspeeches. We must do it by offer-ing our lives. It will be costly inlives, but worthwhile. America isready. Men and women of NewYork, on to the fight!"

The Rev. Dr. Theodore Savage,president of the American Federa-tion of Churches, and Rabbi DavidDe Sola Pool of the Spanish andPortuguese Synagogue joinedthe ceremony.

Luncheon Bally HeldThe letter from President Roose-

I velt was read by Herbert BayardI Swope, national chairman of theI Bill of Rights SesquicentennialCommittee, at a luncheon rally atthe Commodore Hotel. Mr. Swope 'also read telegrams from William jGreen, president of the American iFederation of Labor; Philip Mur- <

ray, chairman of the Congress of'^Industrial Organizations, and Wil-liam P. Witherow, president of theNational Association of Manufac-turers. All pledged their utmostfefforts in the preservation of the^liberties guaranteed by the Bill ofRights.

Speakers at the luncheon includ-ed Mayor La Guardia and JosephusDaniels, former Ambassador to |Mexico and Secretary of the Navy

fin the first World War.Mayor La Guardia warned that

the war would be "hard, difficult,long and costly in lives," becauseit would take time for the nationto be transformed "into a gigantic

j military machine."Mr. Daniels said Western Hemi-

sphere solidarity in the face ofaggression was a result of thiscountry's "Good Neighbor Policy."

Other speakers included Profes-por James T. Shotwell of Colum-

' bia University who traced the Billi of Rights to its source in "the his-> iory of English freedom," andj George Gordon Battle, co-chairmanj of the Council Against Intolerance' |n America and one of the found-(j fers of the Bill of Rights Sesquicen-liennial Committee.

Q<cO-

Ethel Barrymore read from theoriginal manuscript of the Bill ofRights, lent by Dr. A. S. W. Rosen-bach. Marian Anderson sang theNational Anthem.

At a rally of 500 students andfaculty members of Hunter College,president George N. Shuster saidthe Bill of Rights embodied thebasic principles of freedom held bymany nations and peoples down theftges.

At Bill of Rights Day services}n the United States Southern Dis-trict Court, Federal Judge Edward

! A. Conger called on Americans athome to match the sacrifices of|hose who already are in the midstof the fighting for our defense.

United States Attorney MathiasF. Correa, whose position givesjhim much control over enemyaliens, promised that while the Billof Rights did not apply to these,the principles it embodies wouldbe scrupulously observed in dealingwith them.

One thousand persons attendeda Bill of Rights dinner at the St.George Hotel in Brooklyn last nightunder the sponsorship of the KingsCounty American Legion, labor,civic and fraternal groups. Thespeakers included Lieut. Gov.Charles Poletti and Attorney Gen-eral John J. Bennet Jr., John J.Kenny, county commander of theLegion, presided. The gatheringlistened to President Roosevelt'saddress over loud speakers.

Bill of Rights celebrations in theI public schools included a pageantentitled "The Road to Freedom,"which was staged last night by cityhigh school pupils in the audi-torium of the Brooklyn TechnicalHigh School, Fort Greene Place atDe Kalb Avenue.

The pageant, depicting man'sstruggle for freedom and democ-racy through ages, was witnessedby 3,000 spectators. Hundreds ofil^^gnts were in

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"There Shall Be No Night/1 AnotherWar Victim, Ends Tour Thursday

Add "There Shall Be NoNight" to the mounting list oftheatrical casualties caused byour entrance into World War II.

Robert E. Sherwood, authorof the play which concerns theRusso-Finnish conflict of 1939-40, decided Saturday that thetime has come to remove it fromthe boards, and the productionwill accordingly close its tourwith Thursday night's perform-ance in Rochester, Minn. AlfredLunt and Lynn Fontanne, whohead the company, had alreadymade plans to interrupt theirtour after the Rochester date inorder to spend Christmas ontheir farm near Genesee Depot,Wis. The company was sched-uled to reopen in Duluth on Dec.26. Now, however, it will havea longer vacation than anybodyhad anticipated.

It is, of course, too early to-make predictions regarding the

j future activities of the Lunts,but there is a good chance thatthe premature closing of "ThereShall Be No Night'1 means thatthey will return to Broadwayafter the New Year in a newplay.

The Playwrights' Company,which produced "There Shall BeNo Night" in association withthe Theatre Guild, has only oneplay running on Broadway atpresent — Maxwell Anderson's"Candle in the Wind," starringHelen Hayes, also presented inassociation with the Guild. Al-though Mr. Sherwood is said tohave been laboring on a newscript, he has devoted much ofhis time in recent months togovernment work in Washing-ton, D. C, and was immediatelyrecalled by the President whenthe Japs attacked Hawaii.

Mr. Anderson, S. N. Behrmanand Elmer Rice, his partners inthe Playwrights' Company, alsohave new. plays on the way, butnone of them seems to be farenough along to justify definiteproduction plans. It has beenpretty generally understood, infact, that the Playwrights' Com-pany would probably step out-side its membership and pro

Kinpslev's "Thomas

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Since then, of course, littleFinland has been moved abouton the European checkerboarduntil it is now .an ally of NaziGermany. When the Lunts setout on their season's tour thisfall, doubt was expressed insome quarters that the trekwould be a success, and Mr.Sherwood was reported rewrit-ing his script to meet new condi-tions. This, however, he flatlydenied, and the play went on theroad exactly as it was originally,except for one or two changesin cast. According to the man-agement, the average weekly re-ceipts have exceeded $20,000 andnot a singla critic has objectedto the Finnish background ofthe play.

Now that we find ourselves atwar with the Axis powers, how-ever, Mr. Sherwood has decidedthat "the best interests of thiscountry" will be served by clos-ing the production.

Several other theatrical ven-tures have also been directly af-fected by our entrance into thewar. jWhen the Japanese at-tacked Hawaii, Jose Ferrer wasabout to produce on Broadwaya merry farce entitled "The Ad-miral Had a Wife" laid, of allplaces, at the Pearl Harbor Na-val Base. Needless to fcay, Itnever opened.

The Gilbert and Sullivan com-pany touring under Shubertauspices, after opening in Balti-more last week with "The Mi-kado," hastily removed thatwork from the repertoire, as didthe Savoy Opera Guild, whichholds forth in New York at theCherry Lane Theatre. "TheMikado," to be sure, is hardlya pro-Japanese operetta, butmanagers are inclined to takeno chances in times like these.

Stage NewsNicholas Joy, Frederic Wor-

lock and Lloyd Gough will befeatured in Aldrich and Myers'production of "Portrait of aLady," starrinf Ruth Gordan.Recent additions to the cast havebeen Mary Sargent, Jean Mannand Lyle Bettger.

"The First Crocus" will havea five- day pre-Broadway en-gagement at the MarylandTheatre in Baltimore beginningTuesday, Dec. 23. TV EdwardHambleton plans to open theArnold Sundgaard comedy onMonday night, Dec. 29.

Tickets for Billy Rose's pro-duction of Clifford Odets' "Clashby Night," having its New Yorkpremiere at the Belasco Th*»a-