7/31/2018 Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 1 Controlling Lead and Copper in Drinking Water Your name and contact info Your name and contact info Developed by RCAP/AWWA and funded by the USEPA • EPA National Priority Area 1: Training and Technical Assistance for Small Public Water Systems to Achieve and Maintain Compliance with the SDWA, EPA Grant – X6‐83560701 Acknowledgement: Western RCAP Rural Community Assistance Corporation (916) 447-2854 www.rcac.org Midwest RCAP Midwest Assistance Program (952) 758-4334 www.map-inc.org Southern RCAP Community Resource Group (479) 443-2700 www.crg.org Northeast RCAP RCAP Solutions (800) 488-1969 www.rcapsolutions.org Great Lakes RCAP WSOS Community Action Commission (800) 775-9767 www.glrcap.org Southeast RCAP Southeast Rural Community Assistance Project (866) 928-3731 www.southeastrcap.org RCAP National Office 1701 K St. NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20006 (800) 321-7227 www.rcap.org | [email protected]Rural Community Assistance Partnership Practical solutions for improving rural communities
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Lead and Copper PPT Presentation (1)...Copper Rule to your system •Calculate the 90th concentration • Summarize factors that will impact the release of lead and copper •Take
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7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 1
Controlling Lead and Copper in Drinking Water
Your name and contact info
Your name and contact info
Developed by RCAP/AWWA and funded by the USEPA
• EPA National Priority Area 1: Training and Technical Assistance for Small Public Water Systems to Achieve and Maintain Compliance with the SDWA, EPA Grant – X6‐83560701
Acknowledgement:
Western RCAPRural CommunityAssistance Corporation(916) 447-2854www.rcac.org
Great Lakes RCAPWSOS Community Action Commission(800) 775-9767www.glrcap.org
Southeast RCAPSoutheast Rural Community Assistance Project(866) 928-3731www.southeastrcap.org
RCAP National Office1701 K St. NW, Suite 700Washington, DC 20006(800) 321-7227www.rcap.org | [email protected]
Rural CommunityAssistance PartnershipPractical solutions for improving rural communities
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 2
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Purpose/Rationale
This material will:
• Advise you of the requirements for addressing lead and copper in drinking water (specifically at small water systems)
• Inform you of potential future standards recommended by the National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NDWAC) regarding lead and copper in drinking water
• Explain how to be more effective in your efforts to protect public health
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Learning Objectives
At the end of this course you should be able to:
• Apply the regulatory requirements of the Lead and Copper Rule to your system
• Calculate the 90th concentration
• Summarize factors that will impact the release of lead and copper
• Take action to protect consumers from lead and copper
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Agenda• 0:00 – 0:05 – Introduction
• 0:06 – 0:46 – Regulations
• 0:47 – 1:12 – Lead and copper basics
• 1:13 – 1:23 – Conducting an inventory
• 1:24 – 1:44 – Monitoring requirements
• 1:45 – 2:00 – Treatment requirements
• 2:01 – 2:06 – Public notification requirements
• 2:07 – 2:22 – Lead service line replacement
• 2:23 – 2:27 – Summary
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 3
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Pre‐test: Controlling Lead and Copper in Drinking Water
• The pre‐test will be handed out
Module One:Regulations
Module One Learning Objectives
At the end of this module you should be able to…• Summarize the purpose of the 1991 Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
• Name the types of utilities that are subject to LCR requirements
• Demonstrate how to calculate the “90th percentile” for your system
• Describe additional requirements that may be triggered as a result of an Action Level (AL) exceedance
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 4
• Young children and infants tend to absorb more lead than the average adult.
– Impaired mental development
– IQ deficits
– Shorter attention spans
– Low birth weight
• Adults ‐ Increased blood pressure
• EPA set the MCLG at zero.
Why address lead?
• Exposure to copper can cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and complications of Wilson’s disease.
• EPA set an MCLG of 1.3 mg/L
Copper
• Reduction of lead in materials
– The Lead Ban (1986)
– The Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act (2011)
• Standards and Monitoring Requirements
– The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)
– The Lead Contamination Control Act (LCCA) (1988)
– The Lead and Copper Rule (1991, revised 2000, 2007)
Rules that impact lead
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 5
• 1986 – Required use of “lead free” pipe, solder, and flux
– 0.2% lead in flux/solder ‐ “lead free”
• 50% prior to 1986
– <8% lead for pipes and pipe fixtures
• 1998 – Banned fixtures that were not “lead free”
• 2011 – Redefined lead free as 0.25%
Lead Regulations – In materials
• 1974 – MCL ‐ 0.050 mg/L SDWA
• 1988 ‐ Lead Contamination Control Act
– Lead monitoring and reporting requirements for all schools (not enforceable)
• 1991 ‐ Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
– Action levels ‐ 0.015 mg/L lead, 1.3 mg/L Cu
– CWS and NTNCWS
– Minor revisions 2000, 2007
• 2017? – Long‐term revisions to the LCR
Lead Regulations – Standards and monitoring requirements
• Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG)– Lead – 0 µg/L
– Copper – 1.3 mg/L
• Action level based on the 90th percentile – Lead ‐ 15 µg/L
– Copper ‐ 1.3 mg/L
• Requires optimized corrosion control rather than a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
LCR (1991)
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 6
Actions for Lead Exceedance
• Water quality parameter monitoring
• Corrosion Control Treatment
• Source water monitoring
• Public education
• Lead service line replacement
Lead and Copper Rule 1991 Overview
* Includes systems serving ≤ 50,000 people and (b)(3) systems** Includes non‐(b)(3) systems serving > 50,000 people, irrespective of their 90th percentile levels; (b)(2) systems must collect WQPs.
Conduct periodic lead and copper tap monitoring
90th Percentile Exceeds the Lead
Action Level (15 μg/L)
90th Percentile Exceeds the Copper
Action Level (1.3 mg/L)
90th Percentile Is at or Below
Both Action Levels*
CWS or NTNCWS Collects Lead and Copper Tap Samples
Begin LSLR replace 7% of LSLs per year
Begin CCT steps includes
WQP monitoring **
Conduct periodic lead and copper tap monitoring
Conduct public
educationdue within 60
days
Conduct source water monitoring
(Install SOWT, if needed)
• Monitoring – What type systems is the rule applicable to?
• For public education – Is public education required when copper action level is exceeded?
• Source water – How frequently must a ground system monitor?
• Corrosion control treatment – When must a small system conduct a CCT study.
Activity‐ EPA Quick Reference Guide
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 7
• NDWAC recommendation ‐ Development of a household action level
• Potentially lowering of the action level
• Requiring lead service line replacement
Potential future standards
To calculate the 90th percentile:
• Rank the samples according to their lead or copper concentrations
• Find the “sample” that:
– 90% of all samples have a lower concentration
– 10% of all samples have a higher concentration
Sample #
Lead (mg/L)
1 0.004
2 0.005
3 0.005
4 0.006
5 0.006
6 0.006
7 0.009
8 0.010
9 0.011
10 0.017
• Your instructor will distribute handouts for this activity
Activity: Determining the 90th
Percentile
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 8
Module Two:Lead and Copper Basics
Module Two Learning Objectives
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
• Name the two forms of lead that may be present in drinking water
• Discuss factors that can impact lead concentrations in drinking water
• Rarely from source water or distribution mains
• Service lines
– Lead service lines, on either side of the meter
– Goosenecks or pigtails
• Customer plumbing
– Solder
– Plumbing fixtures
Sources of Lead
7/31/2018
Developed by American Water Works Association with funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Published 2016 9